hard upadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌhɑːd ˈʌp/, U.S.

/ˌhɑrd ˈəp/

Forms: see hard adv. and up adv.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adv., up adv.¹

Etymology: < hard adv. + up adv.¹With the use in sense B. 3 compare earlier hard n. 9, hard-on n.

A. adj.

colloquial (originally slang). Short of money; poorly off (for something); in a state of want.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor > lacking money

to the boneOE

silverlessc1325

pennilessc1330

moneylessc1400

impecunious1596

crossless1600

penceless1605

unmoneyed1606

coinless1614

emptya1643

out of pocket1679

money-bound1710

broke1716

embarrassed1744

stiver cramped1785

plackless1786

taper1789

poundlessa1794

shillingless1797

unpennied1804

fundless1809

impecuniary1814

hard up1821

soldier-thighed1825

cashless1833

stiverless1839

fly-blown1853

strapped1857

stick1859

tight1859

stone-broke1886

stony1886

oofless1888

stony-broke1890

motherless1906

penny-pinched1918

skinned1924

skint1925

on the beach1935

potless1936

boracic1959

uptight1967

brassic1982

1821 Life D. Haggart 104 There I met in with two Edinburgh snibs, who were hard up.

1829 Edinb. Lit. Jrnl. 18 July 96/1 [He] is what may be termed a hard-up cove,—that is, he is generally a tailor's day's work behind his brethren in point o' toggery.

1841 T. De Quincey Style: No. IV in Blackwood's Mag. Feb. 225/1 As ‘hard up’ for water as the Mecca caravan.

1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xi. 100 He was in wants of copying work to do, and was..hard up!

1906 Chicago Sunday Tribune 1 July (Worker's Mag. section) 6/6 He gets so hard up that he cannot continue payments on his policy.

1920 M. Pedler Hermit of Far End iii. 43 They were deadly hard-up. So hard-up, that when they died..they left nothing behind them but debts.

1988 M. Gallant in M. Atwood Best Amer. Short Stories 1989 (1989) 151 I was so hard up for something to say that I translated the inscription under the picture.

2007 Independent 18 June 27/3 Shadowy operators who persuade hard-up artists to paint in sweatshop conditions.

B. n.

1. colloquial (originally slang). Chiefly in plural. A hard-up person. Also (with the and plural agreement): hard-up people collectively.In quot. 1830 apparently: a name given to a gang of ruffians in the northwest of England.

ΚΠ

1830 Bell's Life in London 10 Jan. Levi then claimed the stakes, but the hard-ups seemed determined to Barney it.

1850 Era 5 May 11/2 The plaintiff..appeared a truthful exponent of provincial theatrical ‘hard-ups’, for sharp misery had worn him to the bone.

1906 G. R. Sims Living London (rev. ed.) II. 37/1 It will be seen that the pawnbrokers supply the ‘hard-ups’ of London annually with the very large sum of £8,304,000.

1957 Manch. Guardian 4 May 5/4 Not even the hard-up are debarred from the chance of winning a fortune: he who cannot afford a whole ticket may buy a fraction of one.

1999 Y. M. Murray What it takes to get to Vegas xi. 187 All the ladies joined, not just the hard-ups from Eastern Ave looking for free food.

2011 Economist (Electronic ed.) 25 June 80 Even in one of the world's richest countries the hard-up represent a huge and growing market.

2. slang. Originally: †a person who extracts tobacco from discarded cigar or cigarette ends in order to sell or barter it (obsolete). Later: tobacco of this kind; (more usually) a cigarette made from this.Originally in the language of tramps.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > [noun] > made from cigarette ends

hard up1851

navy1872

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 3/2 The cigar-end finders, or ‘hard-ups’, as they are called.

1866 Temple Bar Mar. 503 They will diligently enquire of any old ‘chum’, if he has got any ‘hard-up’ to sell... Some man perhaps has got a large bundle of hard-up, and gives part to the old man, who in return gives him some bread.

1887 A. Barrère Argot & Slang 257/1 Mégottier, one whose trade is to collect cigar or cigarette ends, a ‘hard up’.

1905 Daily Chron. 17 May 6/7 In tramp phrase they [sc. cigar and cigarette ends] are known as ‘hard-ups’, and are smoked along the road.

1933 ‘G. Orwell’ Down & Out xxxii. 236 Hard-up—tobacco made from cigarette ends.

1995 B. Gifford Baby Cat-face 126 Sailor stubbed out the end of his cigarette on the wall and dropped the butt back into the pack for hard-ups.

3. slang. = hard-on n. 1 Now rare.In some instances probably simply uses of hard n. 9 in collocation with up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > erection

elevation1543

erection1594

tentigoa1603

Jack1604

stand1608

surgation1688

cockstandc1890

hard-on1898

hard1927

boner1936

hard up1937

bone-on1969

morning-glory1985

1937 E. Partridge Dict. Slang 375/2 Have a hard up, to have a priapism.

1971 D. Goines Dopefiend vi. 80 He mounted her with the intention of riding her roughly, but he couldn't get a hard up.

1979 N. Carolina Rep. 297 444 I got down to f— her, and the blood made me sick and I could not get a hard up.

1984 P. Beale Partridge's Dict. Slang (ed. 8) 532/1 Hard-up,..7. An erection, esp. in have a hard-up: low: late C.19–early 20; superseded by hard-on.]

Derivatives

ˌhard-ˈupness n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > lack of money

pence-lackc1400

a short purse1548

disability1624

low tide1699

embarrassment1727

impecuniosity1818

soldier's thigh1841

pennilessness1852

hard-uppishness1859

hard-upness1869

ooflessness1889

1869 Judy 7 Apr. 247/2 Fact is, you see, I'm in a state of chronic hard-upness.

1888 J. McCarthy & R. C. Praed Ladies' Gallery II. i. 8 My old familiar condition of hard-up-ness.

1951 E. Crankshaw Cracks in Kremlin Wall iii. 153 It is useless to think of Russia today otherwise than in terms of desperate, to us inconceivable, hard-upness.

2006 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 12 Dec. 13 Another completely new museum..which far from sharing the general hard-upness of the West Midlands appears to have more purchasing power than the National Gallery.

ˌhard-ˈuppishness n. (also hard-upishness) colloquial (now rare)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > lack of money

pence-lackc1400

a short purse1548

disability1624

low tide1699

embarrassment1727

impecuniosity1818

soldier's thigh1841

pennilessness1852

hard-uppishness1859

hard-upness1869

ooflessness1889

1859 D. G. Rossetti Let. 23 June (1965) I. 353 As for hardupishness..I have been literally penniless for two days.

1870 G. A. Sala Dickens 45 The occasional ‘harduppishness’ of a young man striving to attain a position.

1908 E. Phillpotts Human Boy Again xii, 298 It was the well-known hard-upishness of Thwaites that made him think a pound would do.

1923 Musical Times 64 179/1 If hard-uppishness is a disability, it is one from which many admirable composers and performers suffer no less than critics.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

b. Nautical. With reference to the steering or manoeuvring of a ship: right (round) to the specified position or direction, in hard-alee, hard-a-port, hard-a-starboard, hard up (cf. up adv.¹ 6e), etc. (frequently as a command).The adverbial phrases are occasionally used as verbs: see hard-a-port v., hard-a-starboard v.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > steering > [adjective] > specific position of tiller

hard up1745

steady1816

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 32 Hail doune the steir burde lufe harde a burde.

1625 M. Pring in S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. v. vii. 651 We put the helme hard aweather, thinking that the ship would haue come round, but all in vaine.

1689 M. Taubman Londons Great Jubilee 10 Helm a Lee, starboard, hard a Port, thus, keep her thus.

1707 London Gaz. No. 4380/2 We clap'd our Helm hard a Starboard.

1745 Def. made by John Ambrose 5 I began to engage the Enemy, and continued to do all in my Power to get nigher to them, yawing the Ship, and ordering the Helm to be put hard up, sometimes the one Way, and sometimes the other.

1788 J.-N. de Sauseuil tr. J. Bourdé de Villehuet Manœuverer ii. ix. 116 The helm put hard a-lee, and the head sheets let fly.

1808 M. L. Weems Life G. Washington (ed. 6) xi. 137 Washington then boldly seized the helm, and with a hard-a-lee, luffed up his ship at once to the gale.

1835 ‘F. Grummet’ Grummett's Log 127 The sonorous and deep voice of Captain Dashall exclaimed, ‘Hard a port the helm!’ The tiller was instantly jammed hard over.

1839 F. Marryat Phantom Ship I. x. 216 Hard a-port! flatten in forward!

1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. x. 310 Hard up the helm... La barre au vent.

1913 W. B. Meloney Girl of Golden Gate xxx. 283 ‘Hard up! Hard up!’ cried Paul in alarm. Blindly Emily recovered herself and put the helm up. The Daphne fell off before the wind.

1990 J. Updike Rabbit at Rest i. 128 What I'm going to do is something called coming about, hard alee.

2000 Vanity Fair May 96/2 He turned to the man at the Dauphin's wheel and ordered, ‘Hard up the helm’.

单词	hard up
释义	hard upadj.n. Brit. /ˌhɑːd ˈʌp/, U.S. /ˌhɑrd ˈəp/ Forms: see hard adv. and up adv.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adv., up adv.¹ Etymology: < hard adv. + up adv.¹With the use in sense B. 3 compare earlier hard n. 9, hard-on n. A. adj. colloquial (originally slang). Short of money; poorly off (for something); in a state of want. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor > lacking money to the boneOE silverlessc1325 pennilessc1330 moneylessc1400 impecunious1596 crossless1600 penceless1605 unmoneyed1606 coinless1614 emptya1643 out of pocket1679 money-bound1710 broke1716 embarrassed1744 stiver cramped1785 plackless1786 taper1789 poundlessa1794 shillingless1797 unpennied1804 fundless1809 impecuniary1814 hard up1821 soldier-thighed1825 cashless1833 stiverless1839 fly-blown1853 strapped1857 stick1859 tight1859 stone-broke1886 stony1886 oofless1888 stony-broke1890 motherless1906 penny-pinched1918 skinned1924 skint1925 on the beach1935 potless1936 boracic1959 uptight1967 brassic1982 1821 Life D. Haggart 104 There I met in with two Edinburgh snibs, who were hard up. 1829 Edinb. Lit. Jrnl. 18 July 96/1 [He] is what may be termed a hard-up cove,—that is, he is generally a tailor's day's work behind his brethren in point o' toggery. 1841 T. De Quincey Style: No. IV in Blackwood's Mag. Feb. 225/1 As ‘hard up’ for water as the Mecca caravan. 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xi. 100 He was in wants of copying work to do, and was..hard up! 1906 Chicago Sunday Tribune 1 July (Worker's Mag. section) 6/6 He gets so hard up that he cannot continue payments on his policy. 1920 M. Pedler Hermit of Far End iii. 43 They were deadly hard-up. So hard-up, that when they died..they left nothing behind them but debts. 1988 M. Gallant in M. Atwood Best Amer. Short Stories 1989 (1989) 151 I was so hard up for something to say that I translated the inscription under the picture. 2007 Independent 18 June 27/3 Shadowy operators who persuade hard-up artists to paint in sweatshop conditions. B. n. 1. colloquial (originally slang). Chiefly in plural. A hard-up person. Also (with the and plural agreement): hard-up people collectively.In quot. 1830 apparently: a name given to a gang of ruffians in the northwest of England. ΚΠ 1830 Bell's Life in London 10 Jan. Levi then claimed the stakes, but the hard-ups seemed determined to Barney it. 1850 Era 5 May 11/2 The plaintiff..appeared a truthful exponent of provincial theatrical ‘hard-ups’, for sharp misery had worn him to the bone. 1906 G. R. Sims Living London (rev. ed.) II. 37/1 It will be seen that the pawnbrokers supply the ‘hard-ups’ of London annually with the very large sum of £8,304,000. 1957 Manch. Guardian 4 May 5/4 Not even the hard-up are debarred from the chance of winning a fortune: he who cannot afford a whole ticket may buy a fraction of one. 1999 Y. M. Murray What it takes to get to Vegas xi. 187 All the ladies joined, not just the hard-ups from Eastern Ave looking for free food. 2011 Economist (Electronic ed.) 25 June 80 Even in one of the world's richest countries the hard-up represent a huge and growing market. 2. slang. Originally: †a person who extracts tobacco from discarded cigar or cigarette ends in order to sell or barter it (obsolete). Later: tobacco of this kind; (more usually) a cigarette made from this.Originally in the language of tramps. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > [noun] > made from cigarette ends hard up1851 navy1872 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 3/2 The cigar-end finders, or ‘hard-ups’, as they are called. 1866 Temple Bar Mar. 503 They will diligently enquire of any old ‘chum’, if he has got any ‘hard-up’ to sell... Some man perhaps has got a large bundle of hard-up, and gives part to the old man, who in return gives him some bread. 1887 A. Barrère Argot & Slang 257/1 Mégottier, one whose trade is to collect cigar or cigarette ends, a ‘hard up’. 1905 Daily Chron. 17 May 6/7 In tramp phrase they [sc. cigar and cigarette ends] are known as ‘hard-ups’, and are smoked along the road. 1933 ‘G. Orwell’ Down & Out xxxii. 236 Hard-up—tobacco made from cigarette ends. 1995 B. Gifford Baby Cat-face 126 Sailor stubbed out the end of his cigarette on the wall and dropped the butt back into the pack for hard-ups. 3. slang. = hard-on n. 1 Now rare.In some instances probably simply uses of hard n. 9 in collocation with up. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > erection elevation1543 erection1594 tentigoa1603 Jack1604 stand1608 surgation1688 cockstandc1890 hard-on1898 hard1927 boner1936 hard up1937 bone-on1969 morning-glory1985 1937 E. Partridge Dict. Slang 375/2 Have a hard up, to have a priapism. 1971 D. Goines Dopefiend vi. 80 He mounted her with the intention of riding her roughly, but he couldn't get a hard up. 1979 N. Carolina Rep. 297 444 I got down to f— her, and the blood made me sick and I could not get a hard up. 1984 P. Beale Partridge's Dict. Slang (ed. 8) 532/1 Hard-up,..7. An erection, esp. in have a hard-up: low: late C.19–early 20; superseded by hard-on.] Derivatives ˌhard-ˈupness n. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > lack of money pence-lackc1400 a short purse1548 disability1624 low tide1699 embarrassment1727 impecuniosity1818 soldier's thigh1841 pennilessness1852 hard-uppishness1859 hard-upness1869 ooflessness1889 1869 Judy 7 Apr. 247/2 Fact is, you see, I'm in a state of chronic hard-upness. 1888 J. McCarthy & R. C. Praed Ladies' Gallery II. i. 8 My old familiar condition of hard-up-ness. 1951 E. Crankshaw Cracks in Kremlin Wall iii. 153 It is useless to think of Russia today otherwise than in terms of desperate, to us inconceivable, hard-upness. 2006 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 12 Dec. 13 Another completely new museum..which far from sharing the general hard-upness of the West Midlands appears to have more purchasing power than the National Gallery. ˌhard-ˈuppishness n. (also hard-upishness) colloquial (now rare) ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > lack of money pence-lackc1400 a short purse1548 disability1624 low tide1699 embarrassment1727 impecuniosity1818 soldier's thigh1841 pennilessness1852 hard-uppishness1859 hard-upness1869 ooflessness1889 1859 D. G. Rossetti Let. 23 June (1965) I. 353 As for hardupishness..I have been literally penniless for two days. 1870 G. A. Sala Dickens 45 The occasional ‘harduppishness’ of a young man striving to attain a position. 1908 E. Phillpotts Human Boy Again xii, 298 It was the well-known hard-upishness of Thwaites that made him think a pound would do. 1923 Musical Times 64 179/1 If hard-uppishness is a disability, it is one from which many admirable composers and performers suffer no less than critics. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > as lemmas hard up b. Nautical. With reference to the steering or manoeuvring of a ship: right (round) to the specified position or direction, in hard-alee, hard-a-port, hard-a-starboard, hard up (cf. up adv.¹ 6e), etc. (frequently as a command).The adverbial phrases are occasionally used as verbs: see hard-a-port v., hard-a-starboard v. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > steering > [adjective] > specific position of tiller hard up1745 steady1816 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 32 Hail doune the steir burde lufe harde a burde. 1625 M. Pring in S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. v. vii. 651 We put the helme hard aweather, thinking that the ship would haue come round, but all in vaine. 1689 M. Taubman Londons Great Jubilee 10 Helm a Lee, starboard, hard a Port, thus, keep her thus. 1707 London Gaz. No. 4380/2 We clap'd our Helm hard a Starboard. 1745 Def. made by John Ambrose 5 I began to engage the Enemy, and continued to do all in my Power to get nigher to them, yawing the Ship, and ordering the Helm to be put hard up, sometimes the one Way, and sometimes the other. 1788 J.-N. de Sauseuil tr. J. Bourdé de Villehuet Manœuverer ii. ix. 116 The helm put hard a-lee, and the head sheets let fly. 1808 M. L. Weems Life G. Washington (ed. 6) xi. 137 Washington then boldly seized the helm, and with a hard-a-lee, luffed up his ship at once to the gale. 1835 ‘F. Grummet’ Grummett's Log 127 The sonorous and deep voice of Captain Dashall exclaimed, ‘Hard a port the helm!’ The tiller was instantly jammed hard over. 1839 F. Marryat Phantom Ship I. x. 216 Hard a-port! flatten in forward! 1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. x. 310 Hard up the helm... La barre au vent. 1913 W. B. Meloney Girl of Golden Gate xxx. 283 ‘Hard up! Hard up!’ cried Paul in alarm. Blindly Emily recovered herself and put the helm up. The Daphne fell off before the wind. 1990 J. Updike Rabbit at Rest i. 128 What I'm going to do is something called coming about, hard alee. 2000 Vanity Fair May 96/2 He turned to the man at the Dauphin's wheel and ordered, ‘Hard up the helm’. extracted from hardadv. < adj.n.1821 as lemmas
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hard upadj.n.

Derivatives

> as lemmas