perianthn.

Brit.

/ˈpɛrɪanθ/, U.S.

/ˈpɛriˌænθ/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French périanthe.

Etymology: < French périanthe (T. F. Dalibard Florae Parisiensis Prodomus (1749) Préf., p. xxxix) < post-classical Latin perianthium perianthium n. Compare pericarp n.

Botany.

1. A structure surrounding or forming the outer part of a flower.

†a. A part of a flower outside the corolla; a calyx. Also: an involucre, esp. of a plant of the family Asteraceae ( Compositae). Cf. perianthium n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > calyx

husk1530

impalement1672

perianthium1687

foot husk1688

calyx1693

coffin1727

vase1728

flower-cup1756

perianth1785

calyx-segment1870

hull1883

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxi. 306 The early Hepatica..has a perianth of three leaves, which being remote from the flower, is rather an involucrum than a calyx.

1829 T. Castle Introd. Systematical & Physiol. Bot. ii. 27 The perianth, or flower-cup, is the most common kind of calyx; it is generally green, and situated immediately below the flower.

b. The floral whorl or whorls outside the stamens; the calyx and corolla collectively, esp. when their parts are not easily distinguishable. Cf. perianthium n. 2.Formerly, a perianth was called double when it comprised two whorls, and single when it comprised one.With quot. 1839 cf. quot. 1832 at perianthium n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > perianth

perianthium1806

perigonium1816

perianth1828

tepal1840

perigon1847

1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 477 The Dicotyledonous plants with a double perianth, but with the corolla formed of a single petal attached to the calyx.

1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) i. ii. 162 The term Perianth is sometimes given as synonymous with calyx; but this is an error. The word perianth signifies the calyx and corolla combined, and is therefore strictly a collective term. It should only be employed to designate a calyx and corolla, the limits of which are undefined, so that they cannot be satisfactorily distinguished from each other.

1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 108 A large number of the Monocotyledonous orders possess a petaloid perianth; that is, there are two circles of petaloid organs.

1904 Daily Chron. 8 Mar. 8/5 The White Queen [narcissus], a novelty with white perianth and trumpet of pale chrome.

1951 G. H. M. Lawrence Taxon. Vascular Plants ii. 413 Perianth..generally undifferentiated into corolla and calyx, and when so the segments termed tepals.

1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 135 The fossil has a female inflorescence, with a bract and two bracteoles at the base of female flowers which lack a perianth.

2. In a foliose liverwort: the fused uppermost perichaetial bracts surrounding the calyptra.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > part(s) of

pelt1759

pelta1760

scutellum1760

scyphus1777

shield1796

podetium1814

apothecium1830

cistella1832

rhizine1832

scypha1832

soredium1836

amphigastria1842

gonidium1845

macrogonidium1853

hypothallus1855

crustaceous lichens1856

pycnide1856

perianth1857

isidium1866

thamnium1866

endospore1875

perigynium1882

pseudocyphella1882

thecium1882

parathecium1921

soralium1921

1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 161 The circle of leaves, often confluent, surrounding it [sc. the vaginule or calyptra], form the perigone, perianth or involucel.

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 293 There is also often in Hepaticæ (but not in Mosses) a so-called perianth, which grows as an annular wall at the base of the archegonium, and finally surrounds it as an open sac.

1955 E. V. Watson Brit. Mosses & Liverworts 322 Although the swollen, pear-shaped perianths [of Ptilidium ciliare] are not uncommon, capsules are very rare in Britain.

1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 106 In leafy liverworts the sex organs are either lateral..or the archegonia are apical, with a kind of perichaetium, called the perianth surrounding them.

Compounds

General attributive.

perianth leaf n.

ΚΠ

1864 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. ii. 247 Observe..the sepaloid outer and petaloid inner perianth-leaves of Alisma.

1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland Text-bk. Trop. Agric. (ed. 2) i. iv. 30 Instead of the floral envelopes being composed of two series of organs, there may be only one,..and this single envelope is called the perianth, and it is made up of perianth leaves, which are usually highly coloured.

1989 Scientia Horticulturae Amsterdam 40 153 The formation of gums..in..perianth leaves of tulip cultivars.

perianth member n.

ΚΠ

1914 F. E. Fritsch & E. J. Salisbury Introd. Study Plants xviii. 233 The ordinary flower, both in Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons, has two whorls of perianth-members.

1991 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 78 833 In none of the families of the Zingiberales do the staminodes assume the total ‘form or character’ of any perianth member.

perianth segment n.

ΚΠ

1851 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. (ed. 23) 561 Perianth segments twice as long as the ovary.

1939 Rep. Bot. Soc. Brit. Isles 12 120 It is proposed to refer to them [sc. the perianth segments of Rumex] as Inner and Outer Perianth Segments, or Tepals.

1990 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) July 376/2 This cultivar has an attractively frilled cup, beautifully rounded perianth segments and can be recommended for exhibition.

perianth tube n.

ΚΠ

1861 A. Wood Class Bk. Bot. 179 Perianth tube adherent to the ovary.

1998 New Straits Times (Malaysia) (Nexis) 14 Nov. (Gardening section) 6 It produces showy racemes of five-petalled flowers with long perianth tubes.

perianth whorl n.

ΚΠ

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 556 Both of the trimerous perianth-whorls petaloid.

1914 F. E. Fritsch & E. J. Salisbury Introd. Study Plants xix. 243 The number of stamens is often equal to, or some multiple of, the number of members in the perianth-whorls.

1995 Plant Cell 7 1584/1 In both male and female flowers [of Rumex acetosa], the organs in the perianth whorls are very similar and sepaloid.

Derivatives

† periantheous adj. Obsolete rare having a perianth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having perianth

perigonial1803

dichlamydeous1830

monochlamydeous1830

periantheous1857

perigonal1875

heterochlamydeous1895

homochlamydeous1895

homoeochlamydeous1900

syntepalous1900

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Periantheus, applied to a flower provided with a..perianth: periantheous.

periˈanthial adj. rare of or relating to a perianth.

ΚΠ

1877 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 113 470 A distinction between ovular, carpellary, and perianthial envelopes begins to appear.

1943 Brittonia 5 16 Achenes 4–5.5 mm. long..; perianthial hairs dense, 1–1.5 mm. long.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	perianth
释义	perianthn. Brit. /ˈpɛrɪanθ/, U.S. /ˈpɛriˌænθ/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French périanthe. Etymology: < French périanthe (T. F. Dalibard Florae Parisiensis Prodomus (1749) Préf., p. xxxix) < post-classical Latin perianthium perianthium n. Compare pericarp n. Botany. 1. A structure surrounding or forming the outer part of a flower. †a. A part of a flower outside the corolla; a calyx. Also: an involucre, esp. of a plant of the family Asteraceae ( Compositae). Cf. perianthium n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > calyx husk1530 impalement1672 perianthium1687 foot husk1688 calyx1693 coffin1727 vase1728 flower-cup1756 perianth1785 calyx-segment1870 hull1883 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxi. 306 The early Hepatica..has a perianth of three leaves, which being remote from the flower, is rather an involucrum than a calyx. 1829 T. Castle Introd. Systematical & Physiol. Bot. ii. 27 The perianth, or flower-cup, is the most common kind of calyx; it is generally green, and situated immediately below the flower. b. The floral whorl or whorls outside the stamens; the calyx and corolla collectively, esp. when their parts are not easily distinguishable. Cf. perianthium n. 2.Formerly, a perianth was called double when it comprised two whorls, and single when it comprised one.With quot. 1839 cf. quot. 1832 at perianthium n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > perianth perianthium1806 perigonium1816 perianth1828 tepal1840 perigon1847 1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 477 The Dicotyledonous plants with a double perianth, but with the corolla formed of a single petal attached to the calyx. 1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) i. ii. 162 The term Perianth is sometimes given as synonymous with calyx; but this is an error. The word perianth signifies the calyx and corolla combined, and is therefore strictly a collective term. It should only be employed to designate a calyx and corolla, the limits of which are undefined, so that they cannot be satisfactorily distinguished from each other. 1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 108 A large number of the Monocotyledonous orders possess a petaloid perianth; that is, there are two circles of petaloid organs. 1904 Daily Chron. 8 Mar. 8/5 The White Queen [narcissus], a novelty with white perianth and trumpet of pale chrome. 1951 G. H. M. Lawrence Taxon. Vascular Plants ii. 413 Perianth..generally undifferentiated into corolla and calyx, and when so the segments termed tepals. 1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 135 The fossil has a female inflorescence, with a bract and two bracteoles at the base of female flowers which lack a perianth. 2. In a foliose liverwort: the fused uppermost perichaetial bracts surrounding the calyptra. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > part(s) of pelt1759 pelta1760 scutellum1760 scyphus1777 shield1796 podetium1814 apothecium1830 cistella1832 rhizine1832 scypha1832 soredium1836 amphigastria1842 gonidium1845 macrogonidium1853 hypothallus1855 crustaceous lichens1856 pycnide1856 perianth1857 isidium1866 thamnium1866 endospore1875 perigynium1882 pseudocyphella1882 thecium1882 parathecium1921 soralium1921 1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 161 The circle of leaves, often confluent, surrounding it [sc. the vaginule or calyptra], form the perigone, perianth or involucel. 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 293 There is also often in Hepaticæ (but not in Mosses) a so-called perianth, which grows as an annular wall at the base of the archegonium, and finally surrounds it as an open sac. 1955 E. V. Watson Brit. Mosses & Liverworts 322 Although the swollen, pear-shaped perianths [of Ptilidium ciliare] are not uncommon, capsules are very rare in Britain. 1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 106 In leafy liverworts the sex organs are either lateral..or the archegonia are apical, with a kind of perichaetium, called the perianth surrounding them. Compounds General attributive. perianth leaf n. ΚΠ 1864 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. ii. 247 Observe..the sepaloid outer and petaloid inner perianth-leaves of Alisma. 1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland Text-bk. Trop. Agric. (ed. 2) i. iv. 30 Instead of the floral envelopes being composed of two series of organs, there may be only one,..and this single envelope is called the perianth, and it is made up of perianth leaves, which are usually highly coloured. 1989 Scientia Horticulturae Amsterdam 40 153 The formation of gums..in..perianth leaves of tulip cultivars. perianth member n. ΚΠ 1914 F. E. Fritsch & E. J. Salisbury Introd. Study Plants xviii. 233 The ordinary flower, both in Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons, has two whorls of perianth-members. 1991 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 78 833 In none of the families of the Zingiberales do the staminodes assume the total ‘form or character’ of any perianth member. perianth segment n. ΚΠ 1851 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. (ed. 23) 561 Perianth segments twice as long as the ovary. 1939 Rep. Bot. Soc. Brit. Isles 12 120 It is proposed to refer to them [sc. the perianth segments of Rumex] as Inner and Outer Perianth Segments, or Tepals. 1990 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) July 376/2 This cultivar has an attractively frilled cup, beautifully rounded perianth segments and can be recommended for exhibition. perianth tube n. ΚΠ 1861 A. Wood Class Bk. Bot. 179 Perianth tube adherent to the ovary. 1998 New Straits Times (Malaysia) (Nexis) 14 Nov. (Gardening section) 6 It produces showy racemes of five-petalled flowers with long perianth tubes. perianth whorl n. ΚΠ 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 556 Both of the trimerous perianth-whorls petaloid. 1914 F. E. Fritsch & E. J. Salisbury Introd. Study Plants xix. 243 The number of stamens is often equal to, or some multiple of, the number of members in the perianth-whorls. 1995 Plant Cell 7 1584/1 In both male and female flowers [of Rumex acetosa], the organs in the perianth whorls are very similar and sepaloid. Derivatives † periantheous adj. Obsolete rare having a perianth. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having perianth perigonial1803 dichlamydeous1830 monochlamydeous1830 periantheous1857 perigonal1875 heterochlamydeous1895 homochlamydeous1895 homoeochlamydeous1900 syntepalous1900 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Periantheus, applied to a flower provided with a..perianth: periantheous. periˈanthial adj. rare of or relating to a perianth. ΚΠ 1877 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 113 470 A distinction between ovular, carpellary, and perianthial envelopes begins to appear. 1943 Brittonia 5 16 Achenes 4–5.5 mm. long..; perianthial hairs dense, 1–1.5 mm. long. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1785
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