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单词 peevish
释义

peevishadj.adv.

Brit. /ˈpiːvɪʃ/, U.S. /ˈpivɪʃ/
Forms: late Middle English peuysche, late Middle English pevys, late Middle English peyuesshe, late Middle English–1500s pevysh, late Middle English–1500s pevyshe, late Middle English (in a late copy)– peevish, late Middle English (in a late copy)– pevish (now nonstandard), 1500s peeuesh, 1500s peeuishe, 1500s penysshe (transmission error), 1500s peuess, 1500s peuissh, 1500s peuisshe, 1500s peuyche, 1500s peuysh, 1500s peuyshe, 1500s peuysshe, 1500s pevysshe, 1500s pieuish, 1500s pieuishe, 1500s piuish, 1500s piuishe, 1500s piuisshe, 1500s pyuyshe, 1500s pyuysshe, 1500s–1600s peeuish, 1500s–1600s peevishe, 1500s–1600s peuish, 1500s–1600s peuishe, 1600s pievish; also Scottish pre-1700 peuische, pre-1700 pevach, pre-1700 pevech, pre-1700 pevis, pre-1700 pevych, pre-1700 pevyche, pre-1700 pewech.
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin perversus.
Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps ultimately < classical Latin perversus via an unattested Old French continuation of the Latin word (which, if it existed, was superseded early in French by the Latin borrowing Old French pervers perverse n.), although this presents some formal difficulties.An alternative suggestion links the word to classical Latin expavidus startled, shy ( < ex- + pavidus pavid adj.) via an unrecorded variant with -ai- of Middle French espave (of an animal) stray, (of a person) foreign, (as noun) lost property, flotsam (1283 in Old French; French épave ).The semantic connection is thought to be the behaviour of stray animals. Compare -ish suffix1. The exact sense of the adjective in many of the early quots. is difficult to establish.
A. adj.
†1. Perverse, refractory; headstrong, obstinate; capricious, skittish; (also) coy. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > [adjective]
dizzyc825
unwisec825
redelessOE
unwittyc1000
daftlikec1175
witlessc1175
canga1225
adoted?c1225
cangun?c1225
egedec1225
cangeda1250
foola1250
snepea1250
aerwittec1275
sotlyc1275
unslyc1275
unwitterc1275
unwilya1300
nicec1300
goosishc1374
unskilfulc1374
follyc1380
lewdc1380
mis-feelinga1382
dottlec1390
foltedc1390
peevishc1400
fona1425
fonnishc1425
foliousa1450
foolisha1450
daft?c1450
doitedc1450
dotyc1450
daffish1470
insapientc1470
gucked?a1500
wanwittya1500
furious1526
insipient1528
seelya1529
dawish?1529
foolage1545
momish1546
base-wittedc1547
stultitiousa1549
follifulc1550
senseless1565
mopish1568
fondish1579
unsensiblea1586
fondly1587
dizzardly1594
follial1596
featlessc1598
fopperly1599
gowkeda1605
inept1604
simple1604
anserine1607
foppish1608
silly ass1608
unsage1608
wisdomless1608
fool-beggeda1616
Gotham1621
noddy1645
badot1653
dosser-headed1655
infrunite1657
nonsensicalc1661
slight1663
sappy1670
datelessa1686
noddy-peaked1694
nizy1709
dottled1772
gypit1804
shay-brained1806
folly-stricken1807
fool-like1811
goosy1811
spoony1813
niddle-noddle1821
gumptionless1823
daftish1825
anserous1826
as crazy as a loon1830
spoonish1833
cheese-headed1836
dotty1860
fool-fool1868
noodly1870
dilly1873
gormless1883
daffy1884
monkey-doodle1886
mosy1887
jay1891
pithecanthropic1897
peanut-headed1906
dinlo1907
boob1911
goofy1921
ding-a-ling1935
jerky1944
jerk1947
jerkish1948
pointy-headed1950
doofus1967
twitty1967
twittish1969
nerkish1975
numpty1992
the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > perverse
wharfedc1175
thwart-over?c1225
fromwardc1275
thwarta1325
wilgernc1325
contrariousa1340
froward1340
rebours1340
awaywarda1375
overthwartc1384
protervec1384
waywardc1384
arsewardc1386
wrawc1386
wrawfulc1386
crabbeda1400
ungraitha1400
wraweda1400
awklyc1400
perversec1425
awkc1440
perversiosec1475
crooked1508
wrayward1516
awkward1530
difficilec1533
peevish1539
protervous1547
overthwarting1552
untowardly1561
difficult1589
cross1594
cama1600
frowish1601
awkwardish1613
haggardly1635
pigheadeda1637
cross-grained1647
wry1649
crossfulc1680
thwarting1718
kim-kama1734
wronghead1737
piggish1742
witherly1790
top-thrawn1808
contrary1850
cussed1858
three-cornered1863
thwarteous1890
bloody-minded1935
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > capricious or whimsical
startfulmood?a1300
wildc1350
volage?a1366
gerfulc1374
geryc1386
wild-headeda1400
skittishc1412
gerish1430
shittle1440
shittle-witted1448
runningc1449
volageous1487
glaikit1488
fantasious1490
giggish1523
tickle or light of the sear?1530
fantastical1531
wayward1531
wantona1538
peevish1539
light-headed1549
humoral1573
unstaid1579
shittle-headed1580
toy-headed1581
fangled1587
humorous1589
choiceful1591
toyish1598
tricksy1598
skip-brain1603
capricious1605
humoursome1607
planetary1607
vertiginous1609
whimsieda1625
ingiddied1628
whimsy1637
toysome1638
cocklec1640
mercurial1647
garish1650
maggoty1650
kicksey-winseya1652
freakish1653
humourish1653
planetic1653
whimsical1653
shittle-braineda1655
freaking1663
maggoty-headed1667
maggot-pated1681
hoity-toity1690
maggotish1693
maggot-headeda1695
whimsy-headed1699
fantasque1701
crotchetly1702
quixotic1718
volatile1719
holloweda1734
conundrumical1743
flighty1768
fly-away1775
dizzy1780
whimmy1785
shy1787
whimming1787
quirky1789
notional1791
tricksome1815
vagarish1819
freakful1820
faddy1824
moodish1827
mawky1837
erratic1841
rockety1843
quirkish1848
maggoty-pated1850
crotchetya1854
freaksome1854
faddish1855
vagrom1882
fantasied1883
vagarisome1883
on-and-offish1888
tricksical1889
freaky1891
hobby-horsical1893
quirksome1896
temperamental1907
up and down1960
untogether1969
fanciful-
fantastic-
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. ix. 151 Thenne gan wastour to wratth..And to peers plouhman proferede to fighte, And bad hym go pisse with hus plouh, peyuesshe [v.r. peuysche; c1400 A text pilide; c1400 B text forpynede] shrewe!
1472 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 576 Item, the prowd, pevyshe, and euyll dysposyd prest to vs all, Syr Jamys, seyth þat ye comandyd hym to delyuer þe book of vij Sagys to my brodyr Water, and he hathe it.
1539 Bible (Great) Cranmer Pref. Not onely foolyshe frowarde and obstinate but also peuysshe, peruerse and indurate.
a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. iii. sig. E.j These women be all suche madde pieuish elues, They will not be wonne except it please them selues.
1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie sig. Eii Nothing is so great an enemie to a sounde iudgment, as the pride of a peeuish conceit.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) v. ii. 47 This it is, to be a peeuish Girle, That flies her fortune when it followes her. View more context for this quotation
a1669 H. Foulis Hist. Romish Treasons (1671) i. iii. 26 Birds were not so shie and peevish formerly.
†2.
a. Silly, senseless, foolish. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > [adjective] > of things, actions, etc.
unwittyc1200
nicea1393
foolisha1413
kimeta1450
peevish1519
silly1566
senseless1579
untoward1658
bright1830
spoony1834
fool-fool1868
noodly1870
twitty1967
twittish1969
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria ii. f. 21v Some make serche and dyuynacion by water, some by basyns,..some by coniuryng of a soule, and suche other: and al be acurst or pyuysshe [L. partim execrabilia, partim mera ludibria].
1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. vi. xii. §2. 669 That whole tale..is nothing els, but a peeuishe fable.
1633 J. Ford 'Tis Pitty shee's Whore v. sig. I2 v This is your peeuish chattering weake old man.
1676 Doctr. of Devils 56 Christ did his Miracles among a peevish, foolish, sottish people, (as the World accounted them).
b. Beside oneself; out of one's senses; mad. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [adjective] > insanity or madness > affected with
woodc725
woodsekc890
giddyc1000
out of (by, from, of) wit or one's witc1000
witlessc1000
brainsickOE
amadc1225
lunaticc1290
madc1330
sickc1340
brain-wooda1375
out of one's minda1387
frenetica1398
fonda1400
formada1400
unwisea1400
brainc1400
unwholec1400
alienate?a1425
brainless1434
distract of one's wits1470
madfula1475
furious1475
distract1481
fro oneself1483
beside oneself1490
beside one's patience1490
dementa1500
red-wood?1507
extraught1509
misminded1509
peevish1523
bedlam-ripe1525
straughta1529
fanatic1533
bedlama1535
daft1540
unsounda1547
stark raving (also staring) mad1548
distraughted1572
insane1575
acrazeda1577
past oneself1576
frenzy1577
poll-mad1577
out of one's senses1580
maddeda1586
frenetical1588
distempered1593
distraught1597
crazed1599
diswitted1599
idle-headed1599
lymphatical1603
extract1608
madling1608
distracteda1616
informala1616
far gone1616
crazy1617
March mada1625
non compos mentis1628
brain-crazed1632
demented1632
crack-brained1634
arreptitiousa1641
dementate1640
dementated1650
brain-crackeda1652
insaniated1652
exsensed1654
bedlam-witteda1657
lymphatic1656
mad-like1679
dementative1685
non compos1699
beside one's gravity1716
hyte1720
lymphated1727
out of one's head1733
maddened1735
swivel-eyed1758
wrong1765
brainsickly1770
fatuous1773
derangedc1790
alienated1793
shake-brained1793
crack-headed1796
flighty1802
wowf1802
doitrified1808
phrenesiac1814
bedlamite1815
mad-braineda1822
fey1823
bedlamitish1824
skire1825
beside one's wits1827
as mad as a hatter1829
crazied1842
off one's head1842
bemadded1850
loco1852
off one's nut1858
off his chump1864
unsane1867
meshuga1868
non-sane1868
loony1872
bee-headed1879
off one's onion1881
off one's base1882
(to go) off one's dot1883
locoed1885
screwy1887
off one's rocker1890
balmy or barmy on (or in) the crumpet1891
meshuggener1892
nutty1892
buggy1893
bughouse1894
off one's pannikin1894
ratty1895
off one's trolley1896
batchy1898
twisted1900
batsc1901
batty1903
dippy1903
bugs1904
dingy1904
up the (also a) pole1904
nut1906
nuts1908
nutty as a fruitcake1911
bugged1920
potty1920
cuckoo1923
nutsy1923
puggled1923
blah1924
détraqué1925
doolally1925
off one's rocket1925
puggle1925
mental1927
phooey1927
crackers1928
squirrelly1928
over the edge1929
round the bend1929
lakes1934
ding-a-ling1935
wacky1935
screwball1936
dingbats1937
Asiatic1938
parlatic1941
troppo1941
up the creek1941
screwed-up1943
bonkers1945
psychological1952
out to lunch1955
starkers1956
off (one's) squiff1960
round the twist1960
yampy1963
out of (also off) one's bird1966
out of one's skull1967
whacked out1969
batshit1971
woo-woo1971
nutso1973
out of (one's) gourd1977
wacko1977
off one's meds1986
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 266 Some tremblid, some girnid, some gaspid, some gasid, As people halfe peuysshe, or men that were masyd.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts xii. 15 [They] aunswered to the mayden, Surely thou arte peuyshe.
1591 J. Lyly Endimion i. i. sig. B There was neuer any so peeuish to imagin the Moone eyther capable of affection, or shape of a Mistris.
†3. Spiteful, malignant, mischievous, harmful. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > spitefulness > [adjective]
teenfulOE
atteryc1175
ondfula1200
maliciousa1250
doggedc1300
enviousc1330
venoma1350
spitous?a1366
despitousc1374
heinous?a1400
venomyc1400
sinister1411
sputousc1420
doggish?a1425
cankered?a1439
doggya1450
sinistrous1460
spity1481
despiteful1488
spiteful1490
despiteous?1510
viperious?1510
peevisha1522
maliceful1522
envyful1530
viperinec1540
viperous?1542
vipered1560
uncanny1596
dogged-sprighted1600
maliced1602
ill-minded1611
virulent1613
ill-hearteda1617
doleful1617
spitish1627
splenial1641
litherlya1643
venomsome1660
slim1674
viper1721
vipereal1750
viperish1755
vicious1825
waspish1855
viperian1866
viperan1877
cattish1883
catty1886
bitchy1928
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [adjective]
loathOE
teenfulOE
nithefulOE
ondfula1200
maliciousa1250
doggedc1300
enviousc1330
venomousa1340
venoma1350
spitous?a1366
despitousc1374
heinous?a1400
unkindlya1400
venomyc1400
sinister1411
sputousc1420
doggish?a1425
cankered?a1439
doggya1450
sinistrous1460
spity1481
despiteful1488
spiteful1490
despiteous?1510
viperious?1510
peevisha1522
envyful1530
viperous1535
viperinec1540
vipered1560
bad-minded1588
uncanny1596
dogged-sprighted1600
toothsome1601
maliced1602
ill-minded1611
virulent1613
ill-hearteda1617
doleful1617
spitish1627
ill-meaning1633
splenial1641
litherlya1643
venomsome1660
slim1668
cat-witted1672
vipereal1750
viperish1755
méchant1813
vicious1825
maliceful1840
mean1841
waspish1855
viperian1866
viperan1877
cattish1883
catty1886
bad mind1904
bitchy1908
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. xiv. 111 This ilk Aruns..thys pewech man of weir..schuke in hand hys oneschewabill speir.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 176 In derision of the king, they made certaine peeuishe and mocking rymes which I passe ouer.
1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. ii. sig. D2v This crosse, this peeuish hap, Strikes dead my spirits like a thunderclap.
†4. Hateful, distasteful, horrid. Obsolete.Used to express a feeling of dislike, hostility, or contempt on the part of the speaker, not necessarily inspired by any quality of the object referred to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > wretchedness > [adjective]
unledeeOE
sorryOE
evila1131
usellc1175
wanlichec1275
bad1276
sorry1372
meana1375
caitiff1393
loddera1400
woefula1400
foulc1400
wretched1450
meschant?1473
unselc1480
peevisha1522
miser1542
scurvy?1577
forlorn1582
villainous1582
measled1596
lamented1611
thrallfula1618
despicable1635
deplorable1642
so-and-so1656
poorish1657
squalida1660
lamentable1676
mesquina1706
shan1714
execrable1738
quisby1807
hole in the wall1822
measly1847
bum1878
shag-bag1888
snidey1890
pathetic1900
the mind > emotion > hatred > dislike > [adjective] > relating to that which is disliked
unliefOE
peevisha1522
unsavoury1536
ingrate1539
unliked1560
ingrateful1567
dislikeful1596
disgracious1597
disaffected1621
disliked1632
disrelished1659
invidious1710
objectional1799
unlikeable1834
dislikable1843
unfavourite1934
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. viii. 78 For thou sal neuer los..Be my wappin nor this richt hand of myne, Sik ane pevyche and cative saule as thyne [L. Nunquam animam talem dextra hac..amittes].
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xiiii. sig. H.vii The woulfe..spied a fayre cowe in a close...as for yonder peuishe cowe semeth vnto me in my conscience worthe not past a grote.
1563 T. Becon Displaying Popish Masse (1637) 299 The Lords Supper and your peevish, popish private masse doe agree together..as the common proverbe is, like harpe and harrow, or like the hare and the hound.
5. Irritable, querulous; childishly fretful; characterized by or exhibiting petty bad temper.
a. Of people.In early quots. often referred to as the result of fasting or performing a religious observance of similar rigour.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > peevishness > [adjective]
protervec1384
teethya1500
peevishc1530
protervous1547
pettish1552
tatter1579
fretting1587
teeny1594
frampold1599
treaf1601
fretful1603
teety1621
frappish1631
froppish1659
huffy1680
toothy1691
peenging1724
fractious1725
crossish1740
huffish1755
petulant1755
refractious1761
pouty1799
pensy1803
fudgy1819
twiney1824
rammista1838
fretty1844
petful1852
patchy1862
fretsome1870
grizzly1900
anfractuous1923
c1530 Hickscorner D iij And I sholde do after youre schole, To lerne to patter to make me peuysshe [?1515 peuysse].
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. i. 86 Why should a man whose blood is warme within, Sit like his grandsire, cut in Alablaster?..And creep into the Iaundies By beeing peeuish?
1653 Bp. J. Taylor Ενιαυτος: Course of Serm. xxxix Some men fast to mortifie their lust: and their fasting makes them peevish.
1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1897) III. 128 He is uery peuish to Mr. Ouerton and will tell him uery litle.
1702 J. Floyer Anc. Ψυχρολουσία Revived iii. 71 The People grew peevish with all Ancient Ceremonies.
1759 S. Fielding Hist. Countess of Dellwyn I. i. xiv. 149 Now when he was peevish with Pain, and ready to take fire at every the least Provocation, this spirited Reply of his Lady's roused him to Anger.
1786 A. M. Bennett Juvenile Indiscretions V. 216 A peevish discontented sister and her cormorant companion.
1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 30 A terrible peevish fractious fellow.
1862 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. iii. 77 One whose state of health renders him fretful and peevish in his own family.
1948 ‘R. Crompton’ Family Roundabout xxii. 248 I'm sorry, Arnold, I'm a little peevish today. Yes, I'll go with you.
1956 R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond xxv. 282 People got peevish, they began hooting and cutting in.
1983 E. Figes Light i. 2 She turned in the bed, sighing, slightly peevish and resentful.
b. Of personal qualities, actions, behaviour, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > irritability > irritable [adjective]
sharpc1000
impatient1377
out-sharpinga1382
teethya1500
fumish1523
testy1526
crabbed1535
tettish1567
peevish1577
kickish1589
splenetic1593
spleenful1594
tetchy1596
wasp-stung1598
touchy1602
spleeny1604
pruriginous1609
teety1621
splenitive1633
peltish1648
irritable1662
splenatic1663
splenetive1678
unheer1691
rusty1694
nettlesome1766
stingy1781
snarly1798
tutty1809
spleenical1818
rileya1824
nettly1825
edgy1837
porcupinal1846
shirty1846
raspish1854
peckish1857
streaky1860
owly1864
teasy1866
fussy1869
raspy1869
spiky1881
chippyc1885
tetchous1890
narky1895
snarky1906
ringy1907
snarkish1912
Scot1916
crooked1945
niggly1952
snooty1959
kvetchy1965
to be on the rag1967
sandpaper1976
gribble1984
splenous-
1577 W. Fulke Answer True Christian 89 in Two Treat. against Papistes Without any contention of peuishe enuie.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. iii. 57 Gods providence on purpose permitted Moses to fall into this peevish passion [at Kadesh].
a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 28 A peevish crosness and obstinate repugnancy to received laws.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 107. ⁋1 Unapt to vent peevish Expressions.
1768 D. Garrick Let. 19 Feb. (1963) II. 595 I am Surpriz'd that You have not thank'd the Managers for their kindness instead of writing so peevish a Letter.
1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk II. iv. 73 With a peevish whine in his voice like a beaten school-boy.
1891 Harper's Mag. Dec. 123/2 His tone was so peevish and impatient that I thought discussion was injudicious.
1922 M. Sinclair Life & Death Harriett Frean xiv. 171 She no longer enjoyed visiting her friends. She set out in peevish resignation.
2003 Daily Mail (Nexis) 9 Dec. 28 Her peevish tone quite spoiled the effect of a comic costume she had selected for the day.
†6. English regional (northern). Clever, expert. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > expert, proficient, or versed
wiseOE
perfectc1350
expertc1374
pertc1390
complete1526
flesh-bred1548
exact1589
proficienta1593
traded1609
well (better, best) verseda1610
made-upa1616
thorough-paceda1628
elementeda1661
peevish1673
adept1698
finished1710
nap1862
1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 37 Peevish, witty, subtill.
1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. (at cited word) The word peevish among the vulgar of Scotland is used for niggardly, covetous; in the North of England, for witty, subtile.
7. Canadian and English regional (northern). Of the wind: sharp, piercing, bitter. Of the weather: windy, blustery.
ΚΠ
1744 J. Armstrong Art of preserving Health i. 17 The ridge..defends you from the blust'ring north, And bleak affliction of the peevish east.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Peevish, piercing, very cold; a peevish wind.
1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. The wind is very peevish to night.
1927 L. M. Montgomery Emily's Quest 174 Something has happened to sour February's temper. Such a peevish month.
1990 D. McIntosh Visits 119 It was dark when the train arrived in Charlottetown... It was raw and blustery—peevish, they say on the island.
†B. adv.
= peevishly adv. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > peevishness > [adverb]
protervely1447
peevisha1529
pettishlya1625
peevishlya1638
frettinglya1649
crossly1736
fractiously1736
huffishly1755
fretfully1789
petulantly1838
pettedly1858
huffily1860
huffingly1864
teethily1879
a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 589 She was not halfe so wyse As she was peuysshe nyse [= foolishly particular].
1602 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. iv. 348 Be not peeuish fond in great designes. [1597 pieuish, fond; 1598 peeuish, fond; Malone conjectured peevish-fond, the reading adopted in many modern editions; the Arden ed. prefers ‘peevish found’.]
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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