† peculaten.

Forms: 1600s peculat, 1600s–1700s peculate.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pecūlātus.

Etymology: < classical Latin pecūlātus embezzlement of public money or property < pecūlārī peculate v. + -tus, suffix forming verbal nouns. Compare French péculat (1530 in Middle French), Spanish †peculato (1490 or earlier; now peculado).

Obsolete.

= peculation n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > [noun]

misnimming?c1225

embezzlement1548

malversationc1550

falsity1581

misapplication1607

interverting1614

peculate1617

peculation1658

abstracting1669

plunderage1700

interversiona1754

conveyancing1754

misappropriation1794

abstraction1823

defalcation1832

malappropriation1848

teeming and lading1859

boodlery1886

bobol1907

chop-chop1966

liberation1966

1617 Let. 18 Jan. in Lett. George Lord Carew (1860) 111 Madame de Ancre..is sentenced to be gvilltie of Sorcerie, Judaisme, and Peculate, which is stealinge or pourloyninge the Kinges money, and was adiudged to be hanged and burnt.

1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 186 Such as were arraign'd, or tryed for Peculate, or Defraudation of the Common-wealth.

1686 Bp. G. Burnet Some Lett. conc. Switzerland iii. 157 One of the Nobles was accused of Peculat.

1708 G. Mackenzie Lives Writers Sc. Nation I. 443 He..Forfeited Alexander Livingston late Governour,..James Dundas, Robert Bruce of Clackmannan Knights, for Peculate and Converting the Prince's Treasure to their private Use.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Peculator, one who is guilty of the crime called peculate.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

peculatev.

Brit.

/ˈpɛkjᵿleɪt/, U.S.

/ˈpɛkjəˌleɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pecūlāt-, pecūlārī.

Etymology: < classical Latin pecūlāt-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of pecūlārī to defraud by embezzlement < pecūlium private property (see peculium n.).

Somewhat formal in later use.

†1. transitive. To rob (a state, government, etc.) by peculation; to defraud. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > embezzle or misappropriate [verb (transitive)] > rob by

depeculatea1641

drib1693

peculate1715

1715 D. Burgess Let. to Bp. of Salisbury 13 No doubt the Peace..was richly worth 50 Millions between Man and Man, and Money [e]nough might have been had from France without peculating one another.

1749 W. Douglass Brit. Settlem. N. Amer. II. 17 In Massachusetts..they peculated the Country by ruinous unnecessary Expence of Money.

1816 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) IV. 683 The same person who had peculated our Government..in the West Indies.

2. transitive. To embezzle, pilfer, or misappropriate (money).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > embezzle or misappropriate [verb (transitive)]

purloinc1475

embezzle1585

intervert1600

peculate1715

misappropriate1825

eat1849

to knock downa1854

malversate1881

1715 Observ. Rep. Comm. of Secrecy 23 The same Persons that wou'd have peculated 100000 l. for the South-Sea Trade, had actually 28036 l. for the unhappy Expedition to Canada.

1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross III. 223 Two thousand pounds..what she justly charges me with having peculated from her Father.

1884 Manch. Examiner 1 Oct. 4/5 Several millions of taels, which they have..peculated from the Imperial funds.

1901 Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 33 123 All the millions stolen by the Tweed ring are of trifling importance compared with the few score thousands shamefully peculated in Cuba by officials of the Post Office Department.

1948 Econ. Hist. Rev. 18 18 The Earl refused to render accounts and was peculating what little money did arrive.

1997 G. Hosking Russia (1998) iii. i. 168 The overseer who accompanied their student group, peculating the funds intended for their maintenance.

3. intransitive. To practise peculation, to embezzle.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > embezzle or misappropriate [verb (intransitive)]

malverse1640

peculate1730

default1797

defalcate1864

1730 J. Oldmixon Hist. Eng.: House of Stuart 172/1 Which shews they must have unmercifully peculated, or they cou'd have made no such Payment.

?1790 J. M. Adair Unanswerable Arguments against Abolition Slave Trade vii. 199 So many proprietors..leave their estates too often to interested, unprincipled men..and on such low salaries as to tempt them to peculate.

1820 W. Irving John Bull in Sketch Bk. vi. 13 Provided his servants humour his peculiarities, flatter his vanity a little now and then, and do not peculate grossly on him before his face, they may manage him to perfection.

1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. xi. 133 The honesty of a servant or manager, who does not embezzle or peculate.

1938 R. W. Hale in E. R. Nichols & W. E. Roskam Pump-priming Theory Govt. Spending (1939) xiii. 358 A new system of accounts..was very successful in discouraging anyone who wanted to peculate.

1966 B. Malamud Fixer (1969) vi. viii. 204 He was arrested for peculating from official funds.

1983 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 43 314 Grain was difficult to store, rotted easily, and tempted clerks and granary managers to peculate.

Derivatives

ˈpeculating adj. that practises embezzlement or peculation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > [adjective]

peculating1744

peculative1779

peculant1853

1744 W. King Scamnum (ed. 2) 21 Are these too slight? a Rope of Hemp then weave, And say, 'tis for a Peculating Knave.

1783 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill in Wks. (1815) IV. 93 An oppressive..rapacious, and peculating despotism, with a direct disavowal of obedience to any authority at home..is..the state of your charter-government over great kingdoms.

1895 Athenæum 7 Sept. 328/1 [The endowments have] long since vanished, no doubt, into the pockets of peculating pashas.

1989 Philos. Perspectives 3 420 A Mafia hit-man is dispatched to kill a peculating minor functionary of that organization.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	peculate
释义	† peculaten. Forms: 1600s peculat, 1600s–1700s peculate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pecūlātus. Etymology: < classical Latin pecūlātus embezzlement of public money or property < pecūlārī peculate v. + -tus, suffix forming verbal nouns. Compare French péculat (1530 in Middle French), Spanish †peculato (1490 or earlier; now peculado). Obsolete. = peculation n. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > [noun] misnimming?c1225 embezzlement1548 malversationc1550 falsity1581 misapplication1607 interverting1614 peculate1617 peculation1658 abstracting1669 plunderage1700 interversiona1754 conveyancing1754 misappropriation1794 abstraction1823 defalcation1832 malappropriation1848 teeming and lading1859 boodlery1886 bobol1907 chop-chop1966 liberation1966 1617 Let. 18 Jan. in Lett. George Lord Carew (1860) 111 Madame de Ancre..is sentenced to be gvilltie of Sorcerie, Judaisme, and Peculate, which is stealinge or pourloyninge the Kinges money, and was adiudged to be hanged and burnt. 1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 186 Such as were arraign'd, or tryed for Peculate, or Defraudation of the Common-wealth. 1686 Bp. G. Burnet Some Lett. conc. Switzerland iii. 157 One of the Nobles was accused of Peculat. 1708 G. Mackenzie Lives Writers Sc. Nation I. 443 He..Forfeited Alexander Livingston late Governour,..James Dundas, Robert Bruce of Clackmannan Knights, for Peculate and Converting the Prince's Treasure to their private Use. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Peculator, one who is guilty of the crime called peculate. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2020). peculatev. Brit. /ˈpɛkjᵿleɪt/, U.S. /ˈpɛkjəˌleɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pecūlāt-, pecūlārī. Etymology: < classical Latin pecūlāt-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of pecūlārī to defraud by embezzlement < pecūlium private property (see peculium n.). Somewhat formal in later use. †1. transitive. To rob (a state, government, etc.) by peculation; to defraud. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > embezzle or misappropriate [verb (transitive)] > rob by depeculatea1641 drib1693 peculate1715 1715 D. Burgess Let. to Bp. of Salisbury 13 No doubt the Peace..was richly worth 50 Millions between Man and Man, and Money [e]nough might have been had from France without peculating one another. 1749 W. Douglass Brit. Settlem. N. Amer. II. 17 In Massachusetts..they peculated the Country by ruinous unnecessary Expence of Money. 1816 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) IV. 683 The same person who had peculated our Government..in the West Indies. 2. transitive. To embezzle, pilfer, or misappropriate (money). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > embezzle or misappropriate [verb (transitive)] purloinc1475 embezzle1585 intervert1600 peculate1715 misappropriate1825 eat1849 to knock downa1854 malversate1881 1715 Observ. Rep. Comm. of Secrecy 23 The same Persons that wou'd have peculated 100000 l. for the South-Sea Trade, had actually 28036 l. for the unhappy Expedition to Canada. 1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross III. 223 Two thousand pounds..what she justly charges me with having peculated from her Father. 1884 Manch. Examiner 1 Oct. 4/5 Several millions of taels, which they have..peculated from the Imperial funds. 1901 Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 33 123 All the millions stolen by the Tweed ring are of trifling importance compared with the few score thousands shamefully peculated in Cuba by officials of the Post Office Department. 1948 Econ. Hist. Rev. 18 18 The Earl refused to render accounts and was peculating what little money did arrive. 1997 G. Hosking Russia (1998) iii. i. 168 The overseer who accompanied their student group, peculating the funds intended for their maintenance. 3. intransitive. To practise peculation, to embezzle. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > embezzle or misappropriate [verb (intransitive)] malverse1640 peculate1730 default1797 defalcate1864 1730 J. Oldmixon Hist. Eng.: House of Stuart 172/1 Which shews they must have unmercifully peculated, or they cou'd have made no such Payment. ?1790 J. M. Adair Unanswerable Arguments against Abolition Slave Trade vii. 199 So many proprietors..leave their estates too often to interested, unprincipled men..and on such low salaries as to tempt them to peculate. 1820 W. Irving John Bull in Sketch Bk. vi. 13 Provided his servants humour his peculiarities, flatter his vanity a little now and then, and do not peculate grossly on him before his face, they may manage him to perfection. 1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. xi. 133 The honesty of a servant or manager, who does not embezzle or peculate. 1938 R. W. Hale in E. R. Nichols & W. E. Roskam Pump-priming Theory Govt. Spending (1939) xiii. 358 A new system of accounts..was very successful in discouraging anyone who wanted to peculate. 1966 B. Malamud Fixer (1969) vi. viii. 204 He was arrested for peculating from official funds. 1983 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 43 314 Grain was difficult to store, rotted easily, and tempted clerks and granary managers to peculate. Derivatives ˈpeculating adj. that practises embezzlement or peculation. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > [adjective] peculating1744 peculative1779 peculant1853 1744 W. King Scamnum (ed. 2) 21 Are these too slight? a Rope of Hemp then weave, And say, 'tis for a Peculating Knave. 1783 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill in Wks. (1815) IV. 93 An oppressive..rapacious, and peculating despotism, with a direct disavowal of obedience to any authority at home..is..the state of your charter-government over great kingdoms. 1895 Athenæum 7 Sept. 328/1 [The endowments have] long since vanished, no doubt, into the pockets of peculating pashas. 1989 Philos. Perspectives 3 420 A Mafia hit-man is dispatched to kill a peculating minor functionary of that organization. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1617v.1715
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