parietaln.adj.
/pəˈrʌɪᵻtl/, U.S. /pəˈraɪəd(ə)l/ A. n.
1. Anatomy and Zoology. A large quadrangular bone, located between the frontal and occipital bones, that forms part of the top and lateral wall of each half of the skull.
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the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > parietal bones
side bone1565
seam-bone1576
parietal bone1706
parietal1739
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 10v Þe 3a. & þe 4a. bene in þe middez sidelingez, seid parietalez [?c1425 Paris parietales; ?a1425 Hunterian perietales; L. parietales].
1503 tr. Kalendayr Shyppars sig. hi In the cheel of the heyd ar two boonys neyr yt qwych ar namyt boonys paryetals qwych holdys the brayn closyt & shet.
1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. lf. xv b/2 The two bones, the Foreheade, and the Parietale.
1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. xvi. 60 A Blow upon the posterior Part of the left Parietal.
1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 192 The constant coalescence of the parietals with one another.
1905 Biometrika 4 359 Plagiocephalic; right frontal flattened, right parietal protuberant.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1296 The top of the cranial region is formed partly from the paired frontals and partly from the paired parietals.
1999 G. Kissick Winter in Volcano (2000) xvi. 151 He would reach for a thought and come up instead with a styrofoam nugget, a sure sign that his brainpan had been crammed to the parietals with such.
2. U.S. slang. In plural. Regulations governing the behaviour of residential students within a college; parietal rules (see sense B. 3).In quot. 1851: †a demerit awarded against a student for contravening parietal rules (obsolete).
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1836 Harvardiana Sept. 44 What is't ye do? Beware the parietals!
1851 B. H. Hall Coll. College Words 223 The deductions made by the Parietal Committee are also called Parietals.
1967 N.Y. Times 17 Dec. iv. 9 Yale students..have rejoined the nationwide battle for liberalized ‘parietals’—campus term for women's visiting hours in male dormitories, or vice-versa.
1980 L. Birnbach et al. Official Preppy Handbk. 43/2 The process..has its uncomfortable aspects: rules, parietals, demerits, and disciplinary action.
B. adj.
1.
a. Anatomy and Zoology. Designating this bone (see sense A. 1); of or relating to this bone or part of the skull.parietal eminence, foramen, etc.: see Compounds.
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the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > parietal bones
parietal?c1425
interparietal1835
biparietal1850
parieto-occipital1855
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 40 Þai saien also þe stony boones to be putte to aboue þe parietal bones [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. bones perietalia; ?a1425 Hunterian bones þat ben cleped perietalia; L. ossa parietalia].
1607 E. Grimeston tr. S. Goulart Admirable & Memorable Hist. 605 A soldiar in cure in Piedmont, who..had beene hurt with a sword upon the parietall boane.
1731 W. Gibson Farrier's New Guide (ed. 7) vi. 78 The two bones of the Sinciput, or Parietal-bones.
1772 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body (ed. 6) I. 32 Near the upper edge..is a small hole called the parietal hole, which is sometimes found only in one of the bones.
1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 177 The penultimate segment of the skull..is called the ‘parietal vertebra’.
1866 T. H. Huxley in S. Laing Pre-hist. Remains Caithness 120 The parietal sutures are somewhat full.
1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. iii. 77 At the side of the head we have..the parietal region.
1907 Times 7 Feb. 4/6 The parietal origin of the ossicusps in the former [sc. the giraffe] and their frontal origin in the latter [sc. the okapi].
1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 171 Placed medially between the two parietal bones is the sagittal suture. This is finely denticulated, except in the region of the obelion.
1971 Singapore Med. Jrnl. 12 13 Posterior parietal fractures in infancy and early childhood.
2004 Amer. Jrnl. Forensic Med. & Pathol. 25 259 Upon necroscopic examination of a homeless male..a sharp tip of a knife lodged in the right parietal region of his skull was incidentally discovered.
b. Botany. Belonging to, connected with, or attached to the wall of the ovary, other hollow organ or structure, or cell; spec. designating a type of placentation in which ovules are attached to the inner wall of a unilocular compound ovary at the junctions of the carpels.
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the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [adjective] > of or having cell wall
septiferous1807
parietal1819
triseptate1874
periclinal1882
1819 J. Lindley tr. L.-C. Richard Observ. Struct. Fruits & Seeds 21 A seed attached to an axile, parietal, or sutural trophosperm.
1835 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 2) i. ii. 139 Botanists call anything parietal which arises from the inner lining, or wall of an organ.
1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 5 The nucleus..approaches..the circumference of the sap-cavity, and becomes parietal.
1924 W. H. Fitch et al. Illustr. Brit. Flora (ed. 5) p. x Ovary syncarpous. Placentas parietal.
1985 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 72 572 Allamanda exhibits an unusual type of gynœcial development in which the two carpels are free at initiation, but fuse completely during development, resulting in a unilocular ovary with parietal placentation at maturity.
1993 Plant Systematics & Evol. 186 175 The tapetum is of the parietal type without orbicles.
c. Anatomy and Zoology. Of, relating to, or belonging to the wall of an organ, structure, or cavity of the body; spec. designating or relating to the serosal lining of a body cavity.parietal peritoneum, pleura: see Compounds.
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the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [adjective] > separation or partition
septal1824
mediastinal1826
mediastinal1828
septate1828
parietal1839
septated1858
mural1872
mural1872
1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 936/2 The free surface is the parietal serous surface of the abdomen.
1867 Quain's Elements Anat. (ed. 7) I. 300 It [sc. the serous layer of the pericardium] has, therefore, a visceral and a parietal portion.
1879 J. M. Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Women v. 54 The ovaries and intestines and broad ligaments and parietal pelvic peritoneum became glued together.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 161 A thrombus formed from the circulating blood is at first parietal or mural.
1927 F. E. Fritsch West's Treat. Brit. Freshwater Algae (rev. ed.) Introd. 34 They [sc. chromatophores] are most commonly situated in the lining cytoplasmic layer just beneath the cell-wall and are then said to be parietal.
1945 W. J. Hamilton et al. Human Embryol. vi. 80 The mesoderm bounding the coelom will persist throughout life as an epithelium (so-called mesothelium) which forms the visceral and parietal linings of the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities.
1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs viii. 145 The cords themselves are reduced to connectives forming a long visceral loop with a parietal ganglion becoming distinct on either side.
1979 Nature 22 Feb. 655/2 They form junctional complexes with the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule on one side and visceral podocytic epithelium on the other.
2001 Mayo Clin. Proc. 76 555 The patient underwent both parietal and visceral pericardiectomy.
d. Conchology. Of, situated on, or designating the inner lip or columella of a gastropod mollusc shell. Cf. palatal adj. 3a.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [adjective] > of parts of molluscs > of shell or parts of shell
testaceous1668
trivalvous1681
articulate1685
tabulous1734
concamerated1747
costated1751
ribbed1752
multivalve1753
umbilical1755
multivalved1759
trichite1765
right-handed1776
ventricose1777
unequivalved1788
sinistral1803
white-lipped1813
white-mouthed1815
turriculated1822
umbonial1824
turreted1826
siphunculated1828
columellar1829
sinistrorsal1830
canaliferous1834
spirivalve1835
turrited1835
versant1839
mitriform1843
paucispiral1843
turriculate1843
siphuncled1847
ventricous1850
camerated1851
convolute1851
perforated1851
parietal1854
septiferous1854
planorbiform1856
planorboid1856
trivalved1856
turrite1856
siphunculate1875
turriform1875
umbonic1877
costate1881
interlocular1888
varicated1891
lirate1894
evolute1896
1854 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca ii. 165 P[upa] uva... Shell..aperture rounded, often toothed. [Note] Dr. Pfeiffer terms those teeth parietal which are situated on the body-whirl those on the outer lip palatal.
1942 Amer. Midland Naturalist 27 84 All specimens examined from this habitat had the two parietal lamellae extending into the whorl about three-fourths of a turn.
1998 Paleobiology 24 125/1 The parietal lip of the aperture is the zone of overlap with the preceding whorl.
e. Anatomy and Zoology. Designating the lobe occupying the middle portion of a cerebral hemisphere, between the frontal and occipital lobes; of or relating to this part of the brain.parietal convolution, lobule, etc.: see Compounds.
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the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [adjective] > lobe
rhinencephalic1846
postnasal1859
parietal1861
prefrontal1878
postrhinal1880
postfrontal1883
suboccipital1885
insular1886
transfrontal1889
preoptic1890
premotor1923
1861 Proc. Zool. Soc. 257 Dividing the hemisphere into five lobes (frontal, parietal, median, temporal and occipital).
1862 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 152 196 The fissure of Sylvius..runs upwards and backwards to the parietal region.
1888 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 17 40 The ascending parietal gyrus is quite isolated.
1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxix. 1118 In adults, a flattened mass of tuberculous tissue (tuberculoma en plaque) may very occasionally be met with, usually over the cortex of the frontal or parietal areas.
1967 Brain 90 651 He mentions an orchestral conductor who, after a right parietal infarct, neglected all the musicians seated on his left.
2002 R. Carter Consciousness iii. 81 The parietal cortex—the area of brain surface behind and to each side of the crown of the head—is also feeding information to the frontal lobes.
2. gen. Of or relating to a wall; mural. Now: spec. relating to or designating prehistoric cave paintings.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > wall of building > [adjective]
parietal1776
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [adjective] > of or belonging to a wall
vallatorya1682
parietal1776
1776 R. Graves Euphrosyne i. iv On almost every occasion of human life..Fenestral, Parietal, and what not.
1845 Ecclesiologist 4 257 The man..who surrounds with parietal deal a space belonging to twenty others.
1916 H. F. Osborn Men of Old Stone Age 316 This Art..is also mural or parietal.., consisting of drawings, engravings, paintings and bas-reliefs on the walls of caverns and grottos.
1938 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 4 5 Remarkable parietal engravings in pure Aurignacian style.
1985 Nature 14 Feb. 530/1 It has been known for decades that the cave art or parietal art of the Ice Age is not confined to caves.
3. U.S. Relating to or designating the regulations governing residence of students within a college, esp. those which restrict or prohibit visits from members of the opposite sex.Originally in formal use at Harvard in the names of regulatory bodies, as Parietal Board, Parietal Committee, etc. The term was later adopted by other, esp. Ivy League, universities.
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society > education > place of education > college or university > [adjective] > college
collegiate1564
collegial1603
collegian1660
parietal1836
in-college1845
parietary1881
1836 Harvardiana Nov. 98 Had I forgotten, alas! the stern parietal monitions?
1837 Orders & Reg. Harvard Univ. 12 The Officers resident within the College walls shall constitute a permanent standing Committee of the Faculty, to be called the Parietal Committee. This Committee shall have particular cognizance of all offences against good order and decorum within the walls.
1874 J. R. Lowell Lett. (1894) II. xii. 134 They were much our betters in parietal wit.
1878 N. Amer. Rev. 126 15 One instance in which the Parietal Board [of Harvard College] took him in hand.
1893 Nation (N.Y.) 5 Jan. 16/1 One might call it, in college phrase, a style of parietal admonition.
1968 ‘E. Lathen’ Come to Dust xiv. 140 Two young women had been discovered at a time and in circumstances all too clearly proscribed by the parietal rules and Brunswick's honor system.
1977 National Observer (U.S.) 1 Jan. 10/4 Parietal rules were ignored and, later, abandoned.
2001 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 4 Jan. a18 If some of them, including the plaintiffs, were dissatisfied with the Yale parietal rules, they could matriculate elsewhere.
Compounds
Chiefly Anatomy and Zoology.
parietal bone n. : see sense A. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > parietal bones
side bone1565
seam-bone1576
parietal bone1706
parietal1739
?a1425Parietal bone [see sense A. 1].
1699 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 138 In the midst of the left Parietal-bone, there was the Pulsation of an Artery, and a small Fluctuation, the rest of the Tumor being exceeding hard.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Parietals, or Parietal Bones.
1895 Philos. Trans. 1894 (Royal Soc.) B. 185 673 It unites posteriorly with the post-frontal bone by a suture..which is indented by the narrow parietal bones in the median line.
1992 M. Schaffer-Fehre tr. S. Schaal & W. Ziegler Messel x. 129 Similar to the xenosaurians, a group of North American anguimorph lacertilians, the scupture on the parietal bone is oriented towards the centre of the bone.
parietal cell n. (a) Biology a cell forming or belonging to the wall of a structure or organ, esp. of a reproductive organ of a plant; (b) Histology any of the acid-secreting cells of the gastric mucosal glands.
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1849 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 139 121 In this state the parietal cells of the canals and fissures do not readily dehisce and discharge their contents into the cavity.
1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 342 A rapid absorption of water in the parietal cells.
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Delomorphous cells, large parietal cells of secretory portion of peptic glands.
1891 W. D. Halliburton Text-bk. Chem. Physiol. 633 Cells of a different nature called parietal cells (Heidenhain), delomorphic cells (Rollett), or oxyntic cells (Langley).
1953 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 40 337/2 In fertile ovules the archesporial cell developed directly into the megasporocyte without forming parietal cells.
1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xii. 382 In mammals, two sorts of cells are distinguishable, both often contained in the same tubule—chief cells producing enzymes, and parietal cells yielding hydrochloric acid.
parietal convolution n. a convolution of the parietal lobe.
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1865 Philos. Trans. 1864 (Royal Soc.) 154 513 Posteriorly..it joins the upper end of the first ascending parietal convolution.., as in the Hottentot Venus.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 310 The ascending parietal or post-central convolution.
2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 6171/2 An isolated diminution of the right hemisphere ascending parietal convolution.
parietal eminence n. the most convex portion of the outer surface of the parietal bone.
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1856 Littell's Living Age 29 Nov. 563/1 Breadth, from one parietal eminence to the other.
1920 R. A. Freeman Savant's Vendetta iii. 43 Remembering the mishap with Number One, I selected the right parietal eminence, an oblique impact on which would be less likely to injure the base of the skull than a vertical blow.
1980 Gray's Anat. (ed. 36) iii. 298/1 The region of maximum convexity of the parietal bone is termed the parietal tuber (eminence).
parietal eye n. a pineal eye.
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the world > animals > reptiles > order Rhynchocephalia (tuatara) > [noun] > member of (tuatara) > parietal eye
parietal eye1886
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > member of (lizard) > part of
wedge-bone1871
columella1873
parietal eye1886
prokinesis1962
1886 W. B. Spencer in Nature 13 May 35/1 In formation of the paired eyes [of Hatteria punctata] invagination to form an optic cup takes place, whilst apparently it does not do so in the case of what may be called the parietal eye.
1911 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 201 264 The pineal or parietal eye in Sphenodon is..the left-hand member of the original pair of pineal outgrowths.
1969 A. Bellairs Life of Reptiles I. vi. 232 In many lizards the parietal eye seems to play some part in regulating the amount of time spent basking.
1992 M. Schaffer-Fehre tr. S. Schaal & W. Ziegler Messel x. 129 The parietal eye (a rudimentary, unpaired, light-sensing organ) which has developed in almost all the Messel lacertilians as a small, round hole, is missing here.
parietal foramen n. an inconstant foramen in the in the upper posterior parietal bone, through which blood vessels pass to the superior sagittal sinus.
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1780 S. F. Simmons Anat. Human Body 46 It has been named the parietal foramen.
1890 H. Allen Clin. Study Skull 52 The parietal foramina lie on the sides and serve as guides to this the obelial portion.
1979 P. O'Brian Fortune of War ii. 65 Let us return to the parietal foramen and the anomalous carnassial teeth of this Otaria.
parietal fossa n. a concavity on the inner surface of the parietal bone corresponding to the parietal eminence.
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1794 R. Gosling tr. P.-J. Desault Parisian Chirurg. Jrnl. I. 177 The internal table [of the cranium] was black throughout the whole extent of the right parietal fossa.
1839 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 2) 272/1 The fossae have been called simple, when they belong to one bone only, as the parietal fossa.
1993 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 341 404/2 The fused parietals form a massive median dorsal bar with a high sagittal crest bifurcated anteriorly to house the parietal fossa.
parietal lobe n. : see sense B. 1e.
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1861 Proc. Zool. Soc. 257 Dividing the hemisphere into five lobes (frontal, parietal, median, temporal and occipital).
1865 Philos. Trans. 1864 (Royal Soc.) 154 519 The prominent part of the parietal lobe.
1916 Philos. Rev. 25 436 Nor is it necessary to consider the parietal lobes as an expanded and elaborated sensorium.
1989 Brain 112 1012 Lesions of the left parietal lobe can produce selective agraphia for kana.
parietal lobule n. †(a) a peripheral (periportal) portion of a hepatic lobule (obsolete rare); (b) a portion of the parietal lobe, spec. either of those lying above and below the intraparietal sulcus.
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1849 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 139 128 In the portal canals small duct branches creep over the surface of the parietal lobules, and take up their elaborated products.
1861 Proc. Zool. Soc. 257 The postero-parietal lobule.]
1881 A. L. Ranney Appl. Anat. Nerv. Syst. 78 The supra-marginal convolution, the parietal lobule.
1980 Gray's Anat. (ed. 36) vii. 986/2 The inferior parietal lobule is inferior to the intraparietal sulcus and posterior to the lower part of the postcentral sulcus.
1990 Brain 113 479 A CT scan..revealed an infarct involving the posterior temporal and lateral temporooccipital areas as well as small portions of the posterior inferior parietal lobule.
parietal peritoneum n. the peritoneum lining the wall of the abdomen.
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1850 J. E. Erichsen Sci. & Art Surg. 332 Great reddening of the whole of the visceral and much of the parietal peritoneum had ensued.
1896 A. E. Maylard Treat. Surg. Alim. Canal lxvi. 550 Colopexy.—This operation consists in opening the abdomen, and fixing some part of the colon by suture to the parietal peritoneum.
1962 Gray's Anat. (ed. 33) 1421 A considerable amount of areolar connective tissue intervenes between the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal walls.
1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 107/1 Parietal peritoneum was biopsied as soon as possible after opening the abdominal cavity.
parietal pleura n. the pleura lining the wall of the chest.
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1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 293/2 Parietal pleura.
1980 Gray's Anat. (ed. 36) viii. 1247/2 Different regions of the parietal pleura have distinctive names.
parietal protuberance n. now rare = parietal eminence n.
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1790 J. Heath tr. J. L. Baudelocque Syst. Midwifery I. 59 I shall suppose it [sc. the head] constantly to be three inches six lines in diameter, from one parietal protuberance to the other.
1905 Science 24 Mar. 446/1 The trnsverse branch [of the cicatrice], encountered in the region of the obelion, descending on either side to a point back of the parietal protuberances.
parietal tuber n. = parietal eminence n.
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1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. i. ix. 163 The..form of cranium—with prominent parietal tubers.
1876 W. H. Holmes Notice Anc. Remains Southwestern Colorado 50 Parietal tubers very pronounced.
1960 Curr. Anthropol. 1 195 The superior temporal lines, situated below the parietal tuber, indicate a moderately large area of origin for the temporal muscle.
1980 Gray's Anat. (ed. 36) iii. 298/1 The region of maximum convexity of the parietal bone is termed the parietal tuber (eminence).
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.adj.?a1425