participationn.

Brit.

/pɑːˌtɪsᵻˈpeɪʃn/,

/ˌpɑːtᵻsᵻˈpeɪʃn/, U.S.

/pɑrˌtɪsᵻˈpeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English participacioun, Middle English particypacyoun, Middle English particypcyune (transmission error), Middle English partycypacyon, Middle English partycypcyun (transmission error), Middle English partypcyun (transmission error), Middle English–1500s participacion, 1500s partycypacione, 1500s perticipacion, 1500s–1600s perticipation, 1500s– participation; Scottish pre-1700 participacioun, pre-1700 participatioun, pre-1700 1700s– participation.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French participacion, participation.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman participacion and Middle French, French participation the action of taking part in (c1175 in Old French), commercial participation in a company (1679), personal engagement in a common enterprise (1968) < classical Latin participātiōn- , participātiō sharing in, in post-classical Latin also partnership, communion (from 11th cent. in British sources), distribution (from 13th cent. in British sources) < participāt- , past participial stem of participāre participate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan participation (1427).

†1.

a. The action or fact of having or forming part of something; the sharing of something. In early use: the fact of sharing or possessing the nature, quality, or substance of a person or thing. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > sharing > [noun] > partaking or forming part of

participationa1398

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > admixture or addition as ingredient > having as an ingredient

participationa1398

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > fact of being

participation1555

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 14 Þis lawe is I-holde & kept in þe ordur of aungels in participacioun [L. participatione] of grace and of blisse.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iv. pr. iv. 124 The unselynesse is relevid by the participacioun of som good.

c1475 Mankind (1969) 210 (MED) Of þe very wysdam ȝe haue partycypacyon.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos iv. 20 Eneas..abode a longe tyme ynough lyke a corps..wythoute partycypacyon of sensityf moeuynge.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 320 The sea Mediterraneum so named bycause it is in the mydlande as is the Caspian sea withowt participacion of the great Ocean.

1611 in T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Instit. Christian Relig. (new ed.) iv. xvii. 696 (margin) This Sacrament being instituted for the participation of Christ by faith.

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. §67. 112 As for the other Sacrament, make conscience of a frequent participation thereof.

1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. ii. 30 Convince them, that Brutes have the least participation of Thought,..and they..retract.

1747 J. Edwards True Saints vi The believer becomes..a member of Christ's mystical body, living by a communication of spiritual and vital influences from the head, and by a kind of participation of Christ's own life.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 324 They first conquered Glaris and Zug, and admitted them to an equal participation of their rights.

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park III. vi. 122 That participation of the general nature of women, which would lead her to adopt the opinions of the man she loved and respected.

1866 J. G. Murphy Crit. Comm. Exodus xii. 8 The eating of it is a figure of the participation of pardon, acceptance, and full blessedness.

b. Distribution, division into shares. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > [noun]

dolec1275

dealing1377

distribution1382

dispensationa1387

spreading1601

dispensing1608

distributing1663

participation1755

doling1876

handout1913

a1618 W. Raleigh Disc. Orig. Cause Warre (1650) sig. D4^v It sufficeth not that the Country hath wherewith to sosteine even more then live upon it, if means be wanting, whereby to drive convenient participation of the generall store unto a great number of well deservers.]

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Participation..3. Distribution; division into shares. [Citing Raleigh.]

2. The fact or condition of holding or sharing something in common; partnership, fellowship. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > sharing > [noun]

del-takingc825

partakingc1384

partingc1384

communingc1425

participation?a1475

communicating1550

sharing1598

intercommonage1628

compartition1636

copartiality1677

deal1873

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun] > participation in common interest

fellowshipa1250

communiona1382

participation?a1475

society1534

intercommoning1573

communication1574

concernment1676

participancy1856

participance1869

opting-in1969

society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun] > association as partners

participation?a1475

society1555

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 477 (MED) Y knowe the secretes of God, for God wille me to haue communion and participacion with his creatures and werkes.

1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. ☞^v A straunge participation betwene thinges supernaturall..and thynges naturall.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 87 For thou hast lost thy princely priuiledge With vile participation .

1604–5 F. Bacon Certif. Comm. Union in Wks. (1879) I. 460 The communion and participation by commerce.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 49. ⁋6 Their Satisfactions are doubled, their Sorrows lessen'd by Participation.

1792 T. Paine Rights of Man: Pt. Second iv. 70 It [sc. Monarchy] is the master-fraud, which shelters all others. By admitting a participation of the spoil, it makes itself friends.

1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 14 Sept. 578/1 Participations of empire have long been out of fashion.

1881 19th Cent. May 809 Sharing in whatever surplus profits are realised by the more efficient labour which participation calls forth.

1989 J. Rifkin Eutropy (ed. 2) i. 17 An empathetic science based on reestablishing a sense of relationship and participation with the planet.

3. The process or fact of sharing in an action, sentiment, etc.; (now esp.) active involvement in a matter or event, esp. one in which the outcome directly affects those taking part. Frequently with in. Cf. audience participation n. at audience n. Compounds 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > fact or action of being concerned with

meddlingc1390

implicationc1430

mellingc1440

intermeddling1531

participation1582

mashing1607

trucka1625

concern1643

involvedness1654

interest1660

involvement1706

business1759

immixture1859

involution1886

a piece (also share) of the action1938

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun] > participation in common interest > association or sharing in action or matter

participation1582

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun] > participation in common interest > active involvement in the making of decisions

participation1582

1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie i. 5 As for knowledge, whereby to encrease the childes vnderstanding, that is assigned to the teacher alone, as proper to his office without participation of anie parent.

1667 G. Digby Elvira i. 5 Of all this I have not only had knowledge But great participation in your joys.

1789 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 567 It is probable the States General will obtain a participation in the legislation.

1829 T. De Quncey in Edinb. Lit. Gaz. 6 June 50/1 I disclaim and disdain any participation in such green-girl feelings.

1859 J. Bright Speeches 2 Many persons..are..shut out from any participation in political power.

1874 W. E. Gladstone in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 678 Will it increase..the active participation of the flock in the service?

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 183/2 Her personal participation in the life of the community is exemplified in her acceptance of the office of inspector of streets and alleys under the municipal government.

1948 A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. (rev. ed.) ix. 347 The second mechanism making for participation of the young in their culture..is education.

1977 Times 25 Feb. 1/7 The unions had an essential role in any system for developing participation.

2000 Wall St. Jrnl. 18 Sept. b1/1 Eventually, especially if proposed online voting systems make casting a ballot push-button easy, this trend could broaden participation in local politics.

4. Finance. A participating bond or share.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > share > types of shares

bonus share1823

preference share1842

preferred share1842

qualification shares1846

pref1849

financial1864

founder's-shares1889

preference1890

preferred1891

ordinary1898

participation1916

equity1930

leader1938

Euroequity1969

small cap1984

1916 C. A. Phillips Readings in Money & Banking xxvi. 573 Some of the banks, especially the German banks, have participations in syndicates and in industrial enterprises.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. b2/4 The new mortgage bank would sell participation certificates on the mortgage holdings in its secondary market operations portfolio.

1990 European Investor May 17/2 A holding company owns participations in industrial or commercial corporations and collects dividends from its holdings.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	participation
释义	participationn. Brit. /pɑːˌtɪsᵻˈpeɪʃn/, /ˌpɑːtᵻsᵻˈpeɪʃn/, U.S. /pɑrˌtɪsᵻˈpeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English participacioun, Middle English particypacyoun, Middle English particypcyune (transmission error), Middle English partycypacyon, Middle English partycypcyun (transmission error), Middle English partypcyun (transmission error), Middle English–1500s participacion, 1500s partycypacione, 1500s perticipacion, 1500s–1600s perticipation, 1500s– participation; Scottish pre-1700 participacioun, pre-1700 participatioun, pre-1700 1700s– participation. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French participacion, participation. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman participacion and Middle French, French participation the action of taking part in (c1175 in Old French), commercial participation in a company (1679), personal engagement in a common enterprise (1968) < classical Latin participātiōn- , participātiō sharing in, in post-classical Latin also partnership, communion (from 11th cent. in British sources), distribution (from 13th cent. in British sources) < participāt- , past participial stem of participāre participate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan participation (1427). †1. a. The action or fact of having or forming part of something; the sharing of something. In early use: the fact of sharing or possessing the nature, quality, or substance of a person or thing. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > sharing > [noun] > partaking or forming part of participationa1398 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > admixture or addition as ingredient > having as an ingredient participationa1398 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > fact of being participation1555 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 14 Þis lawe is I-holde & kept in þe ordur of aungels in participacioun [L. participatione] of grace and of blisse. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iv. pr. iv. 124 The unselynesse is relevid by the participacioun of som good. c1475 Mankind (1969) 210 (MED) Of þe very wysdam ȝe haue partycypacyon. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos iv. 20 Eneas..abode a longe tyme ynough lyke a corps..wythoute partycypacyon of sensityf moeuynge. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 320 The sea Mediterraneum so named bycause it is in the mydlande as is the Caspian sea withowt participacion of the great Ocean. 1611 in T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Instit. Christian Relig. (new ed.) iv. xvii. 696 (margin) This Sacrament being instituted for the participation of Christ by faith. 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. §67. 112 As for the other Sacrament, make conscience of a frequent participation thereof. 1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. ii. 30 Convince them, that Brutes have the least participation of Thought,..and they..retract. 1747 J. Edwards True Saints vi The believer becomes..a member of Christ's mystical body, living by a communication of spiritual and vital influences from the head, and by a kind of participation of Christ's own life. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 324 They first conquered Glaris and Zug, and admitted them to an equal participation of their rights. 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park III. vi. 122 That participation of the general nature of women, which would lead her to adopt the opinions of the man she loved and respected. View more context for this quotation 1866 J. G. Murphy Crit. Comm. Exodus xii. 8 The eating of it is a figure of the participation of pardon, acceptance, and full blessedness. b. Distribution, division into shares. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > [noun] dolec1275 dealing1377 distribution1382 dispensationa1387 spreading1601 dispensing1608 distributing1663 participation1755 doling1876 handout1913 a1618 W. Raleigh Disc. Orig. Cause Warre (1650) sig. D4^v It sufficeth not that the Country hath wherewith to sosteine even more then live upon it, if means be wanting, whereby to drive convenient participation of the generall store unto a great number of well deservers.] 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Participation..3. Distribution; division into shares. [Citing Raleigh.] 2. The fact or condition of holding or sharing something in common; partnership, fellowship. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > sharing > [noun] del-takingc825 partakingc1384 partingc1384 communingc1425 participation?a1475 communicating1550 sharing1598 intercommonage1628 compartition1636 copartiality1677 deal1873 society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun] > participation in common interest fellowshipa1250 communiona1382 participation?a1475 society1534 intercommoning1573 communication1574 concernment1676 participancy1856 participance1869 opting-in1969 society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun] > association as partners participation?a1475 society1555 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 477 (MED) Y knowe the secretes of God, for God wille me to haue communion and participacion with his creatures and werkes. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. ☞^v A straunge participation betwene thinges supernaturall..and thynges naturall. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 87 For thou hast lost thy princely priuiledge With vile participation . View more context for this quotation 1604–5 F. Bacon Certif. Comm. Union in Wks. (1879) I. 460 The communion and participation by commerce. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 49. ⁋6 Their Satisfactions are doubled, their Sorrows lessen'd by Participation. 1792 T. Paine Rights of Man: Pt. Second iv. 70 It [sc. Monarchy] is the master-fraud, which shelters all others. By admitting a participation of the spoil, it makes itself friends. 1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 14 Sept. 578/1 Participations of empire have long been out of fashion. 1881 19th Cent. May 809 Sharing in whatever surplus profits are realised by the more efficient labour which participation calls forth. 1989 J. Rifkin Eutropy (ed. 2) i. 17 An empathetic science based on reestablishing a sense of relationship and participation with the planet. 3. The process or fact of sharing in an action, sentiment, etc.; (now esp.) active involvement in a matter or event, esp. one in which the outcome directly affects those taking part. Frequently with in. Cf. audience participation n. at audience n. Compounds 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > fact or action of being concerned with meddlingc1390 implicationc1430 mellingc1440 intermeddling1531 participation1582 mashing1607 trucka1625 concern1643 involvedness1654 interest1660 involvement1706 business1759 immixture1859 involution1886 a piece (also share) of the action1938 society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun] > participation in common interest > association or sharing in action or matter participation1582 society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun] > participation in common interest > active involvement in the making of decisions participation1582 1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie i. 5 As for knowledge, whereby to encrease the childes vnderstanding, that is assigned to the teacher alone, as proper to his office without participation of anie parent. 1667 G. Digby Elvira i. 5 Of all this I have not only had knowledge But great participation in your joys. 1789 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 567 It is probable the States General will obtain a participation in the legislation. 1829 T. De Quncey in Edinb. Lit. Gaz. 6 June 50/1 I disclaim and disdain any participation in such green-girl feelings. 1859 J. Bright Speeches 2 Many persons..are..shut out from any participation in political power. 1874 W. E. Gladstone in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 678 Will it increase..the active participation of the flock in the service? 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 183/2 Her personal participation in the life of the community is exemplified in her acceptance of the office of inspector of streets and alleys under the municipal government. 1948 A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. (rev. ed.) ix. 347 The second mechanism making for participation of the young in their culture..is education. 1977 Times 25 Feb. 1/7 The unions had an essential role in any system for developing participation. 2000 Wall St. Jrnl. 18 Sept. b1/1 Eventually, especially if proposed online voting systems make casting a ballot push-button easy, this trend could broaden participation in local politics. 4. Finance. A participating bond or share. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > share > types of shares bonus share1823 preference share1842 preferred share1842 qualification shares1846 pref1849 financial1864 founder's-shares1889 preference1890 preferred1891 ordinary1898 participation1916 equity1930 leader1938 Euroequity1969 small cap1984 1916 C. A. Phillips Readings in Money & Banking xxvi. 573 Some of the banks, especially the German banks, have participations in syndicates and in industrial enterprises. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. b2/4 The new mortgage bank would sell participation certificates on the mortgage holdings in its secondary market operations portfolio. 1990 European Investor May 17/2 A holding company owns participations in industrial or commercial corporations and collects dividends from its holdings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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