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单词 parel
释义

† pareln.

Forms: Middle English parail, Middle English paraile, Middle English paraille, Middle English parayl, Middle English parayle, Middle English paraylle, Middle English pareylle, Middle English perayle, Middle English–1600s parell, 1500s parrelle, 1500s porrel (probably transmission error), 1500s–1600s parel, 1500s–1600s parrel, 1500s–1600s 1800s parrell; Scottish pre-1700 pareill, pre-1700 parol. N.E.D. (1904) also records a form Middle English parayll.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: apparel n.
Etymology: Aphetic < apparel n. Compare parrel n.
Obsolete.
I. Physical uses.
1. A body of troops; a martial array.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > army in battle array
battle1330
parelc1330
purveyancec1330
battalion1589
battaliaa1616
c1330 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Auch.) 74 in Englische Studien (1885) 8 118 (MED) To see richardes galaye seyl, His minstrels & his riche parayl.
a1450–1509 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (A-version) (1913) 1652 (MED) Hys knyȝtes weren dyȝt al redy..Kyng Richard wente wiþ his parayle.
1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 3 Preamble Much partey of the cominalte and parell of the Realme..be not of power nor abilitie to bye theym longbowes.
2.
a. Clothing, attire; personal outfit; = apparel n. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun]
clothesc888
hattersOE
shroudc1000
weedOE
shrouda1122
clothc1175
hatteringa1200
atourc1220
back-clout?c1225
habit?c1225
clothingc1275
cleadinga1300
dubbinga1300
shroudinga1300
attirec1300
coverturec1300
suitc1325
apparel1330
buskingc1330
farec1330
harness1340
tire1340
backs1341
geara1350
apparelmentc1374
attiringa1375
vesturec1385
heelinga1387
vestmentc1386
arraya1400
graitha1400
livery1399
tirementa1400
warnementa1400
arrayment1400
parelc1400
werlec1400
raiment?a1425
robinga1450
rayc1450
implements1454
willokc1460
habiliment1470
emparelc1475
atourement1481
indumenta1513
reparel1521
wearing gear1542
revesture1548
claesc1550
case1559
attirement1566
furniture1566
investuring1566
apparelling1567
dud1567
hilback1573
wear1576
dress1586
enfolding1586
caparison1589
plight1590
address1592
ward-ware1598
garnish1600
investments1600
ditement1603
dressing1603
waith1603
thing1605
vestry1606
garb1608
outwall1608
accoutrementa1610
wearing apparel1617
coutrement1621
vestament1632
vestiment1637
equipage1645
cask1646
aguise1647
back-timbera1656
investiture1660
rigging1664
drapery1686
vest1694
plumage1707
bussingc1712
hull1718
paraphernalia1736
togs1779
body clothing1802
slough1808
toggery1812
traps1813
garniture1827
body-clothes1828
garmenture1832
costume1838
fig1839
outfit1840
vestiture1841
outer womana1845
outward man1846
vestiary1846
rag1855
drag1870
clo'1874
parapherna1876
clobber1879
threads1926
mocker1939
schmatte1959
vine1959
kit1989
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. 228 Cleophas ne knewe hym nauȝte þat he cryste were, For his pore paraille [v.rr. apparaille, apparalle] and pylgrymes wedes..In þe apparaille [v.r. paraile; c1400 C text a-paraile] of a pore man and pilgrymes lyknesse.
a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) 2614 (MED) Vppon her stede whan she was sette, Hyr paraylle All of one hewe.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) iv. sig. Eiii A shining parel..of Tirian purple.
1620 Inventory in Essex Rev. (1907) 16 206 His purs and waringe parell, ijli.
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 13 Fling all his old parrell after him.
1658 J. Mennes & J. Smith Wit Restor'd 167 Chill put on my zunday parrell That's lac't about the quarters.
b. Apparatus, outfit, appurtenances; furniture; tackle. Cf. apparel n. 2, 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > [noun]
apparelc1420
parela1450
reparation1464
reparelling1513
furniture1573
upholstery1649
plenishment1664
fittinga1817
furnishings1858
upholstering1896
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > that with which anything is equipped > equipment or accoutrements
ornament?c1225
i-wendea1250
atil1297
tacklea1325
apparel1330
conreyc1330
farec1330
tirec1330
apparementc1340
apparelmentc1374
graithc1375
appurtenancec1386
geara1400
warnementa1400
stuff1406
parelling?a1440
farrements1440
stuffurec1440
skippeson1444
harnessa1450
parela1450
implements1454
reparel1466
ordinance1475
habiliments1483
ornation1483
muniments1485
mountures1489
outred1489
accomplement?c1525
trinketc1525
garnishing1530
garniture1532
accoutrementsc1550
furniments1553
tackling1558
instrument1563
ordinara1578
appointment?1578
outreiking1584
appoint1592
dighting1598
outreik1598
apparate?c1600
accomplishment1605
attirail1611
coutrement1621
apparatusa1628
equipage1648
thing1662
equipment1717
paraphernalia1736
tack1777
outfit1787
fittinga1817
fixing1820
set-out1831
rigging1837
fixture1854
parapherna1876
clobber1890
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > equipment for any action or undertaking
ornament?c1225
i-wendea1250
atil1297
tacklea1325
apparel1330
conreyc1330
farec1330
tirec1330
apparementc1340
apparelmentc1374
graithc1375
appurtenancec1386
geara1400
warnementa1400
stuff1406
parelling?a1440
farrements1440
stuffurec1440
skippeson1444
harnessa1450
parela1450
implements1454
reparel1466
ordinance1475
habiliments1483
ornation1483
muniments1485
outred1489
trinketc1525
garnishing1530
garniture1532
accoutrementsc1550
furniments1553
tackling1558
instrument1563
ordinara1578
appointment?1578
outreiking1584
supellectile1584
appoint1592
dighting1598
outreik1598
materialsa1600
apparate?c1600
attirail1611
coutrement1621
apparatusa1628
outrig1639
equipage1648
thing1662
equipment1717
paraphernalia1736
fixture1767
tack1777
outfit1787
fittinga1817
fixing1820
matériel1821
set-out1831
rigging1837
parapherna1876
clobber1890
a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 1794 Þis chapelle..Wt alle þe pareylle þat longede þerto.
a1500 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Adv.) in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 114 Or of hur bed was ther any perayle Of gold or sylke curteyned large abowt.
1526 in L. M. Munby Life & Death in King's Langley (1981) 6 The fetherbedde..with the parellis therto belongying.
1532 in F. W. Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 120 All the parell belongyn to the plowe.
3. A chimney piece; a mantelpiece.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > wallcovering > [noun] > ornamental chimney-piece
parel1528
mantel1532
chimneya1552
manteltree1572
mantelpiece1660
chimney-piece1680
mantelling1861
1528 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) v. 101 Parelles of chymneys redy wroght.
1532–3 in J. Bayley Hist. Tower London (1821) I. App. Pt. i. xxix The settyng of vij. new parells in vij. chymneys..ev'y parell' v. fote in wydnes.
1541 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 571/2 (Dartford) Parells of stone for chimneys.
1845 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 4) I. 273 Parrell,..a chimney-piece; a set of dressings or ornaments for a fire-place.
4. A preparation of eggs, etc., put into wine to clarify it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [noun] > treatment or adulteration > substances
parel1594
yeso1619
sweetsa1679
Harry1699
forcing?1734
geropiga1852
liqueur1872
gum1888
1594 H. Plat Jewell House 66 Which parrell for the most part in one night will cause them [sc. the wines] to fine.
1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 174 The same Parell serves also for White Wines upon the Frett.
1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 179 They make a Parell of burn'd Alum, bay Salt, and conduit Water.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Parell, Whites of Eggs, Bay-Salt, Milk and Conduit-Water beat together, and poured into a Vessel of Wine..in order to Fine it.
II. Abstract uses.
5. Quality (of stature, character, or composition). Esp. in high of pareil. Cf. apparel n. 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun]
onseneeOE
bleea1000
shapeOE
ylikeOE
laitc1175
semblanta1225
sightc1275
fare1297
showingc1300
specea1325
parelc1330
guise1340
countenance1362
semblance?a1366
apparel1377
regardc1380
apparencec1384
imagec1384
spicec1384
overseeminga1398
kenninga1400
seemingc1400
visage1422
rinda1450
semenauntc1450
'pearance1456
outwardc1475
representation1489
favour?a1500
figurea1522
assemblant1523
prospect?1533
respect1535
visure1545
perceiverance1546
outwardshine1549
view1556
species1559
utter-shape1566
look1567
physiognomy1567
face1572
paintry1573
visor1575
mienc1586
superficies?1589
behaviour1590
aspect1594
complexion1597
confrontment1604
show1604
aira1616
beseeminga1616
formality1615
resemblancea1616
blush1620
upcomea1630
presentment1637
scheme1655
sensation1662
visibility1669
plumage1707
facies1727
remark1748
extrinsica1797
exterior1801
showance1820
the cut of one's jib1823
personnel1839
personal appearance1842
what-like1853
look-see1898
outwall1933
visuality1938
prosopon1947
c1330 Roland & Vernagu (Auch.) (1882) 196 (MED) Þer were mani strong gines, & fele þousand of sarazines Swiþe heyȝe of parail.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 1038 So be thei bothe of o parail; But on the wombe of Gemini Ben fyve sterres [etc].
c1400 Life St. Alexius (Laud 622) (1878) 165 To þe chirche of seint Bonefas Wiþ þis maiden þai token þe pas, Þat heiȝe was of paraile.
c1400 Life St. Alexius (Laud 622) (1878) 810 (MED) Whan he had his lijf ywrite, he hidde..his book of gode paraile.
1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. H The ruddier wines of the same parell are more nouryshyng than white.
6. Preparation; preparedness; = apparel n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun]
yarkingc1000
forgraithinga1300
apparellingc1315
ordinancec1330
purveyancec1330
graithinga1340
purveying1340
providencea1382
making readyc1384
preparationa1393
paring1393
provisiona1398
parelc1425
apparelc1430
parelling?a1440
ablingc1450
munition1480
preparing1497
arraya1500
readyinga1500
repurveancea1500
ordaining1509
apparation1533
preparementa1538
apprest1539
preparaturea1540
preparance1543
order1545
apparance1546
prepare1548
fore-preparationa1586
ettlingc1600
apparelment1607
parationa1617
comparation1623
address1633
apparatus1638
prep1920
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 17501 (MED) We schal come on suche parayle, That..Off his purpos schal he be rent.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 231 Jewgys þat knowyth þe parayl..þis matere to Amende.
7. Ornament, decoration; spec. = apparel n. 7b. Cf. parure n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > [noun] > ornamentation or decoration
atiffement1330
agraithing1340
apparela1375
anornamenta1382
adubmentc1400
dubmentc1400
anourement?1403
honourment1442
honestnessa1450
quaintisingc1450
ornaturea1475
adorning1495
furnish1500
accomplement?c1525
decking1531
habilimenta1533
parelc1540
exornation1548
garnishment1550
attirement1566
beautifyings1574
pranking1580
trinklement1582
decoration1584
decorement1587
trapping1596
trim1598
garnish1615
vinetry1622
polition1623
trickmenta1625
deckage1642
decor1656
garniture1685
buskrya1687
ornamentation1706
broidery1782
dizenment1864
necking1946
fanciness1961
c1540 Inventory Westm. Abbey in Trans. London & Middlesex Archæol. Soc. (1871) 4 317 The best payre of Pasturall Gloves with parells of brodered work and small perells haveyng on them ij monyals of gold garnyshed with vj stones and xxiiij gret perles.
1546 in W. Page Inventories Church Goods York, Durham & Northumberland (1897) 138 Two albes and parrelles [MS. transcript parrettes] of ymagerye.
1554 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 58 Item, for porrelz for albis..vjd.
1698 London Gaz. No. 3370/4 Stole.., one piece of..Cloth,..marked in the Parrel, I O H.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† parelv.

Forms: Middle English parael, Middle English parail, Middle English paraile, Middle English parayl, Middle English parell, Middle English parelle, Middle English parrail, Middle English parrel, Middle English perled (past participle), Middle English 1600s parel; Scottish pre-1700 paraillit (past participle), pre-1700 paral, pre-1700 parall. N.E.D. (1904) also records forms Middle English parayle, Middle English parele, Middle English parraille.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: apparel v.
Etymology: Aphetic < apparel v. Compare Anglo-Norman parailler , pareiller , parreler to make preparations, to prepare oneself to do something (end of the 12th cent. or earlier; probably aphetic < apparailler apparel v.).
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To clothe, dress, attire; = apparel v. 5. Also: to equip, array.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)]
wrya901
clothec950
shride971
aturnc1220
begoa1225
array1297
graith1297
agraithc1300
geara1325
cleadc1325
adightc1330
apparel1362
back1362
shape1362
attirea1375
parela1375
tirea1375
rayc1390
addressa1393
coverc1394
aguisea1400
scredea1400
shrouda1400
bedightc1400
buskc1400
harnessc1400
hatterc1400
revesta1449
able1449
dressa1450
reparel?c1450
adub?1473
endue?a1475
afaite1484
revestera1500
beclothe1509
trimc1516
riga1535
invest1540
vesture1555
suit1577
clad1579
investure1582
vest1582
deck1587
habit1594
to make ready1596
caparison1597
skin1601
shadow1608
garment1614
riga1625
raiment1656
garb1673
equip1695
to fit out1722
encase1725
tog1793
trick1821
to fig out1825
enclothe1832
toilet1842
to get up1858
habilitate1885
tailor1885
kit1919
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1990 (MED) Ich haue wonder where my douȝter to-day dwelles þus longe. For al þe pepul is parayled and passed to cherche.
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. i. 25 (MED) Somme putte hem to pruyde & parailede hem þer-after..in cloþynge, in Meny kynne gyse.
c1440 Tomas of Ersseldoune (Thornton) (1875) 97 (MED) If þou be parelde [v.rr. perled, pareld] moste of prysee..Of lufe, lady, als þou erte wysse.
1494 Loutfut MS f. 11, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Parale Sua thai be garnist & paraillit with loiaulte.
2. transitive. To prepare, get ready; put in order; = apparel v. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)]
yarec888
yarkc1000
graithc1175
readya1225
biredienc1275
to make yarec1290
forgraitha1300
adightc1330
buskc1330
purveyc1330
agraith1340
disposec1375
before-graithea1382
to forge and filec1381
to make readya1382
devisec1385
bounc1390
buss?a1400
address?a1425
parel?a1425
to get upc1425
providec1425
prepare1449
bakec1450
aready1470
arm?a1505
prevenea1522
get?1530
to get ready1530
to get ready1530
to set in readiness1575
apply1577
compose1612
predy1627
make1637
to dispose of1655
do1660
fallowa1764
to line up1934
prep1936
tee1938
?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1940) 20031 (MED) He bad sone paraile his nauie And sam gader his cheualrie.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 480 Þis dere kyng..Had parreld him a proude feste.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 765 He parrails [a1500 Trin. Dub. Apperels] him a proude ost of princes & oþire.
3. transitive. To adorn, embellish; = apparel v. 7. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament
dightc1200
begoa1225
fay?c1225
rustc1275
duba1300
shrouda1300
adorna1325
flourishc1325
apparel1366
depaintc1374
dressa1375
raila1375
anorna1382
orna1382
honourc1390
paintc1390
pare1393
garnisha1400
mensk?a1400
apykec1400
hightlec1400
overfretc1440
exornc1450
embroider1460
repair1484
empare1490
ornate1490
bedo?a1500
purfle?a1500
glorify?1504
betrap1509
broider1509
deck?1521
likelya1522
to set forth1530
exornate1539
grace1548
adornate1550
fardc1550
gaud1554
pink1558
bedeck1559
tight1572
begaud1579
embellish1579
bepounce1582
parela1586
flower1587
ornify1590
illustrate1592
tinsel1594
formalize1595
adore1596
suborn1596
trapper1597
condecorate1599
diamondize1600
furnish1600
enrich1601
mense1602
prank1605
overgreen1609
crown1611
enjewel1611
broocha1616
varnish1641
ornament1650
array1652
bedub1657
bespangle1675
irradiate1717
gem1747
begem1749
redeck1771
blazon1813
aggrace1825
diamond1839
panoply1851
a1586 King Hart l. 71 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 256 And said he suld it parall all with syn [perh. read fyn] And fresche delyt with mony florist floure.
4. transitive. To clarify (wine) with a parel (see parel n. 4). rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [verb (transitive)] > treat, adulterate, or flavour
abuse1574
trick1594
juniperate1605
parel1615
part1682
pearl1682
manage1686
load1860
liqueur1872
plaster1886
1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1668) ii. iv. 113 Parel it with six Eggs, yolks and all, one handfull of bay salt, and a pint of conduit water to every parel.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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