paralleln.adj.adv.
/ˈparəlɛl/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəˌlɛl/ A. n.
I. Physical uses.† 4. The state of being parallel; parallel position. Obsolete (but cf. in parallel adv. at Phrases).
1.
a. Each of a set of imaginary circles of constant latitude on the earth's surface, or corresponding lines drawn on a map or globe; also with reference to other bodies. Also more fully parallel of latitude.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > latitude
parallela1544
sublevation1556
height1585
latitude1622
degree1647
elevation1686
geographical latitude1712
geographic latitude1750
a1544 R. Barlow tr. M. Fernández de Enciso Brief Summe Geogr. (1932) 7 When the sonne begynneth to ryse, from the furst poynt of Capricorne..toward aries..and from thence til he come to the furst poynt of Cancer which is the xj of Junio, dothe make 182 paraleles [Sp. paralelos].
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iii. f. 12v A hundreth leaques westwarde without the paralelles of the Ilandes.
1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 123 Ther shalbe so many, as there are paralleles of latitude, whose nombre as I saide was .90.
1683 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 13 88 So the other Hemisphere [of Saturn] is very much incommoded by the shadow of the Ring, which..in some Parallels for several Years, occasions a continual Night by the interception of the Suns beams.
a1788 J. Ledyard in J. Sparke Mem. J. Ledyard (1828) v. 157 A canoe, driven..from the southern part of California, or the coast of New Galicia, the opposite parallel, would reach Owyhee in a direct course in half the time.
1824 J. Mackintosh Speech S. Amer. in Wks. (1846) III. 463 The prodigious varieties of its elevation exhibit in the same parallel of latitude all the climates and products of the globe.
1877 J. A. Allen Amer. Bisons 465 Along the 49th parallel they also pass north in summer and south in winter.
1900 G. Santayana Poetry & Relig. 261 As the parallels and meridians make a checker-board of the sea.
1993 E. S. Raymond New Hacker's Dict. (ed. 2) 207 The golf ball was a little spherical frob [sic] bearing reversed embossed images of 88 different characters arranged on four parallels of latitude.
1994 Chicago Tribune 15 Apr. i. 10/1 The U.S., Britain and France imposed a ‘no-fly’ zone for Iraqi aircraft between the 32nd and 36th parallels.
b. Astronomy. With of. Any of various circles on the celestial sphere: parallel of altitude n. a circle drawn parallel to the horizon (= almucantar n. 1). parallel of declination n. a circle parallel to the celestial equator. parallel of latitude n. now rare a circle parallel to the ecliptic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > lesser circle > parallel of altitude
almucantarc1400
parallel of altitude1704
1585 J. Blagrave Math. Iewel sig. A4v They are not aptly called parallels, but rather parallells declinations, that is circles or parallels of declinations, for their office is to shew the declination of the sunne, Moone, or any starre, planet or point of the heavens from the quinoctiall.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. vi. ii. 103 Any Line drawn Parallel to the Ecliptick..represents a Parallel of Latitude of the Stars.
1693 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 883 I foresee it will be objected, that I take the Radius of my Circle on which I erect my Perpendiculars always the same, whereas the Parallels of Declination are unequal.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Parallels of Altitude.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Furniture of a Dial, are such Lines as are drawn thereon for Ornament; as the Parallels of Declination, Length of the Day, Azimuths, &c.
1853 H. N. Robinson Treat. Surveying & Navigation (ed. 3) 229 Let Z be the zenith, P the pole, r the supposed place, and m the true place of the object. Let ms be a parallel of altitude.
1926 H. N. Russell et al. Astron. I. i. 22 If he [sc. the observer] is at the north pole, all the stars north of the celestial equator will remain permanently above the horizon,..sailing around the sky on almucantars, or parallels of altitude.
1985 R. M. Green Spherical Astron. ii. 26 The diurnal motion of the star X is along its parallel of declination.
2. More generally: a (usually straight) line that runs side by side with and equidistant from another. Also in extended use, applied to things running side by side in this way, or pointing in the same direction. Frequently in plural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > state or position of being parallel > [noun] > things which are parallel
parallel1551
the world > space > relative position > state or position of being parallel > [noun] > things which are parallel > a line or lines
parallel1551
1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. Defin. Here might I note the error of good Albert Durer, which affirmeth that no perpendicular lines can be paralleles.
1579 L. Digges & T. Digges Stratioticos i. v. 8 Put this Ciphre o betweene the Paralels, right ouer ye Diuisor.
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. Cv Thy aged yeres shalbe the calender of my fortunes, and thy gray haires the Paralells of mine actions.
?1606 M. Drayton Ode ii, in Poemes sig. B3v Those parallelles so euen Drawn on the face of heauen.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xvii. 240 Make thy steps parallels To these of mine.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 552 As it was conuenient that the eyes should be paralels: so also the nerues, which because of the motion of the eyes might decline from the right line.
1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 103 Who made the Spider Parallels design, Sure as De-Moivre, without Rule or Line?
1806 Naval Chron. 15 343 Intending to steer on a parallel with the enemy.
1882 G. Chrystal in Nature 6 July 218/1 In the modern geometrical sense a parallel (i.e. a line intersecting another at an infinite distance) cannot of course exist in elliptic space except as an imaginary line.
1957 J. Agee Death in Family i. ii. 34 He..sliced the pancakes in parallels.
1972 Sci. Amer. Dec. 102/1 Circles of varying radii that go around the hole or center of the torus on parallel planes are called parallels.
1983 New Scientist 5 May 303/1 There are the affine transformations, which destroy shape and size but maintain straightness and proportions in any line, as well as parallels.
3. Military. In a siege: a trench (usually one of three) that lies alongside and equidistant to the face of the fortification under siege, providing protection and a means of communication for the besieging forces. Also figurative. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [noun] > approach works > types of approach works
parallel1591
sap1642
demi-sap1706
zigzag1733
1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 326 [They] serve for Paralell to couer the souldiours.
1710 London Gaz. No. 4687/1 On the 6th we advanced two new Parallels.
1791 A. F. T. Woodhouselee Ess. Princ. Transl. ii. 16 The Greek and Roman engineers knew and practised almost every operation known to the moderns; and..the mode of approach by parallels and trenches, was perfectly familiar to them.
1812 Duke of Wellington Let. 20 Jan. in Dispatches (1837) VIII. 527 On the night of the 15th we..advanced from the left of the first parallel down the slope of the hill towards the convent.
1862 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (ed. 9) 263 Parallels, or Places of arms, thrown up at sieges, are trenches formed to connect together the several approaches to a besieged place.
1874 L. Carr Judith Gwynne I. viii. 250 She had already undermined the parallel which she felt convinced Judith had opened against the freedom of Cousin Norman.
1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 433 The parallels are usually three with zigzag trenches leading from one to another.
1976 Hist. Jrnl. 19 386 Sieges in Rajputana and Sirhind were conducted with all the sophisticated devices of European military engineering, such as trenches, parallels and mines.
2001 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 10 Mar. 8 British guns had pounded the St Trinidad Bastion at the spot where we now stood, as the infantry dug trenches, or parallels, closer and closer to the walls.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > state or position of being parallel > [noun]
parallelism1610
collaterality1611
collateralness1611
parallel1654
non-concurrency1705
parallelarity1804
non-concurrence1886
parallelity1970
1654 ‘Chirosophus’ in E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot sig. *2 Had thy full lines run out their Paralell, And not been charm'd in by a warie Spell.
1699 S. Garth Dispensary iii. 33 Lines that from their Parallel decline.
5. Printing. A pair of parallel vertical lines (‖) used as a reference mark for footnotes, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > printers' symbols and directions > [noun] > reference marks
side mark1647
parallel1689
leader1824
runner1888
1689 R. Hogarth Thesaurarium Trilingue 54 Parallels or Two Rules direct (||) used promiscuously with an Obelisk in Annotations.
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 260 The Parallel is another Sign which serves for a Reference.
1861 J. Angus Handbk. Eng. Tongue xi. 342 (‖) the parallels..are used as marks of reference.
1914 Man. Style (Univ. Chicago) (ed. 4) 83 The sequence of indices should be: * (‘asterisk’ or ‘star’), † (‘dagger’)..‖ (‘parallels’) [etc.].
1993 D. L. Berg Guide to Oxf. Eng. Dict. 17 For foreign words or phrases..alternative anglicized words and foreign pronunciations may be included, with the parallels symbol (‖) preceding the original pronunciation.
6. Skiing. = parallel turn n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > skiing > [noun] > actions of skier > types of turn
telemark1901
snow-ploughing1904
stemming1904
Christiania1905
snow-plough1905
kick-turn1910
christie1920
stem-Christiania1922
stem turn1922
jump turn1924
stem-Christie1936
wedeln1957
wedeling1977
parallel1985
1985 Skiing (‘Know the Game’ Ser.) (ed. 5) 23 (caption) The direct method (from ploughs to parallels).
1986 Skiing Today Winter 41/2 Parallels look elegant and have their place, but they are far from a magic passport to skiing virtuosity.
1991 F. Foxon Skiing vii. 80/1 One route from plough to parallel is by gradually altering the timing with which the skis are turned.
II. Senses relating to correspondence.
7. † c. A region or level corresponding or analogous to another. Obsolete. rare (but cf. parallel universe n. at Compounds 2).
a. Close correspondence or analogy; a point of comparison or similarity between two people or things. Hence also: an act of drawing such correspondence or analogy; the placing of things side by side mentally or descriptively so as to show their similarity. Frequently to draw a parallel.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > correspondence, analogy, or parallelism
analogy1550
correspondency1598
parallel1599
correspondence1605
symbolization1607
corresponcy1621
homology1656
parallelism1656
analogicalness1731
analogousness1859
collaterality1872
parallelity1897
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > comparison in parallel > [noun]
parallel1599
parallelization1610
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > comparison in parallel > [noun] > instance of
parallel1599
parallelism1656
1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered vii. 22 I craue pardon of his Grace for abasing him in paralell with such an one as thou art.
1628 W. Prynne Briefe Suruay Mr. Cozens 61 Thus farre you haue an exact, and perfect Paralell of our authors writings with the Papists.
a1639 H. Wotton Earl of Essex & Duke of Buckingham: Parallel in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 161 (heading) Of Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, and George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham: Some observations by way of paralell.
1687 Bp. G. Burnet Contin. Refl. Mr. Varillas's Hist. Heresies 39 He goes on to make a Parallel between the late Protector and King Henry's Minister.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 188. ⁋10 You are drawing Parallels between the greatest Actors of the Age.
1789 T. Jefferson Let. 3 Aug. in Papers (1958) XV. 327 In drawing the parallel between what England is, and what France is to be I forgot to observe that the latter will have a real constitution..whereas England has no constitution at all.
1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. iii. 324 The two republics stand in continual parallel.
1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 57 It is the Battle of Megiddo and the brook Kishon that we fancy we see... The parallel is close indeed throughout.
1925 G. K. Chesterton Everlasting Man i. iii. 61 The writer..was merely taking for granted this very dubious parallel between the prehistoric and the decivilised man.
1995 Extrapolation Spring 12 Kirk is unmasking the parallel between cultural appropriation and imperialistic expansionism.
b. A person who or thing which corresponds to another in such a way; that which is equivalent in essential features, function, role, etc.; something analogous or comparable; an equal or counterpart.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > equal, counterpart, or equivalent
ylikeeOE
likea1200
make?c1225
fellow?a1425
proportion?a1425
countervailc1430
matcha1450
meetc1450
pareil?c1450
resemblant1484
equivalent1502
countermatch1587
second1599
parallel1600
equipollent1611
balancea1616
tantamount1637
analogy1646
analogate1652
form-fellow1659
equivalency1698
par1711
homologizer1716
peel1722
analogon1797
quits1806
correlate1821
analogue1837
representant1847
homologue1848
countertype1855
homologon1871
correlative1875
vis-à-vis1900
counterpart1903
1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iii. i. sig. Hivv Why this is without Paralell, this. View more context for this quotation
1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Witt against Wisdom 31 Cicero..was no less fatal to Rome, than his Parallel Demosthenes was to Athens.
1728 L. Theobald Double Falshood iii. i. 25 None but Itself can be its Parallel.
1788 J. Madison Federalist Papers xiv. 85 They accomplished a revolution which has no parallel in the annals of human society.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Bk. Snobs xxii. 81 The British Snob, for..braggartism in his way, is without a parallel.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 107 Then followed a scene to which we find several parallels in Northumbrian history.
1885 Liverpool Daily Post 11 Apr. 64/7 A tension of feeling which has had no parallel since the outbreak of the Crimean war.
1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xxv. 473 The sexual spores may be regarded as the fungal parallel of the seeds of higher plants.
1993 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Jan. 42/1 The cult of manliness..was the bourgeois parallel to the aristocratic cult of Don Juan.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > [noun] > defined or limited portion of space > a particular extent or region
coastc1320
confinec1400
quarterc1400
region?1537
leet1567
demesne1597
floor1626
area1700
department1832
parallel1887
1887 Mrs. A. Raleigh Stud. in Unseen 151 Faith, the human hand-clasp which brings God near, is only possible in another parallel than that in which the wise of this world live and move.
B. adj.
1. † b. In the same parallel of latitude as; in a line with. With to, with. Obsolete.
a. Of lines (esp. straight ones), planes, surfaces, or concrete things: lying or extending alongside each other and always at the same distance apart; continuously equidistant. Also with to, with. Also applied to a pattern, mechanism, etc., based on such an arrangement.In Geometry applied to straight lines in the same plane, or to planes, which never meet however far produced in either (or any) direction, or, equivalently, which intersect at infinity, a point which can be introduced in projective geometry; more rarely applied to curved lines or surfaces which are continuously equidistant, i.e. which have common normals at all points (e.g. concentric circles or spheres), or to geodesics on a non-Euclidean surface which are continuously equidistant as measured in that surface.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > state or position of being parallel > [adjective]
concurrent1495
gemew1523
collaterala1527
parallelc1550
equidistant1570
lateral1598
non-concurring1705
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 37 Cosmaghraphie..sal declair the eleuatione of the polis, and the lynis parallelis, and the meridian circlis.
1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 37 In a Sphere the parallele or equidistant Circles, have all one Pole.
1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 5v Parallel or equidistant right lines are such, which being in one and the selfe same superficies, and produced infinitely on both sydes, do neuer in any part concurre.
1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya i. 42 Reuolutions..yt are Paralell to ye Equinoctiall, are also Paralel to the Horizon.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 5 Her body is..stuck all over with great black Bristles,..set all in parallel order, with their ends all pointing towards the tayl.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1655 (1955) III. 147 A Chrystall ball, sliding on paralell Wyers.
1715 J. Richardson Ess. Theory of Painting 124 The Arms and Legs must not be placed to answer one another in Parallel Lines.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. i. 1 I..observed that the planes of cleavage were everywhere parallel.
1928 E. Blunden Undertones of War viii. 75 Between the village line and the front trenches lay another road, roughly parallel with them, and originating at Givench Church.
1988 E. Feinstein Mother's Girl ii. 14 I learnt to ski very quickly; but my mother had great trouble in keeping her skis parallel.
2002 P. Baines & A. Haslam Type & Typogr. iii. 38/1 Capital..letters are principally constructed between two parallel lines: the baseline and the cap-height.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > geodetic references > [adjective] > latitude > on same line of latitude
parallel1634
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 6 In this latitude we were paralell to [later edd. with] Sierra Leoon.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 216 On the eleuenth of Nouember, [we] were parallel to the greene Cape, and to the Gorgades.
c. Involving or relating to (electrical) connection in parallel. Cf. sense A. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > transmission of electricity, conduction > connection, contact > [adjective] > in parallel
parallel1860
1860 Ld. Kelvin in Proc. Royal Soc. 11 321 I have formed a plan which I expect will prove very advantageous for low resistances, and which consists in combining the standards..in multiple arc (or ‘parallel’ arcs, according to the expression sometimes used).
1881 Marquess of Salisbury Let. 11 June in G. Cecil Life Marquis of Salisbury (1931) III. i. 6 The lamps are all parallel—none in series.
1886 Electrician 19 Feb. 296/2 The three direct systems are the parallel, series, and parallel-series methods of attaching lamps to the main conductors.
1891 J. W. Urquhart Dynamo Constr. xvi. 232 For many years this difficulty stood in the way of parallel working with series machines.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 614/2 Parallel feed, a method of connecting the anode of a thermionic valve to the high-tension supply through a high resistance or inductance, whilst the a.c. circuits are connected through a condenser.
1982 Giant Bk. Electronics Projects ii. 95 The resistance value measured will be the equivalent parallel resistance of the tuned circuit.
2000 M. R. Williams in R. Rojas & U. Hashagen First Computers 7 The problem with serial transmission is that it is slower than attempting to transmit data via a number of parallel wires—to transmit n bits in a word usually took n clock pulses.
2.
a. Having a similar or analogous objective, tendency, development, method, etc.; having a similar function, role, or structure; corresponding, equivalent, or equal (to).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > corresponding or analogous
accordingc1300
proportionate?a1425
proportionablec1443
correspondentc1460
agreeable1540
answerable1551
match1551
analogical1577
suitablea1586
parallela1610
analogal1610
correlativea1626
matching1630
analogic1638
analogous1644
commensurate1644
samea1687
companion1766
homologous1837
to match1838
homological1849
homologic1880
homothetic1886
tallied1895
matched1925
a1610 J. Healey Life Epictetus in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1616) sig. A6 Then hee should haue all Epictetus his wisdome inspired into him..and so become paralell to that admired father.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. iii. 340 How am I then a villaine? To counsell Cassio to this parrallell course. Directly to his good. View more context for this quotation
a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 164 If the remain be added to the Number substracted, the Total will be parallel to the Number from which Substraction is made.
1705 tr. A. Dacier in tr. Aristotle Art of Poetry xxvi. 469 The Holy Scriptures afford us a parallel Example in the History of King Ahab, when God would have him perish in Ramoth Gilead.
1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. liii. 180 Having observed it to happen before in a parallel Case.
1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. 66 There is nothing parallel to this in the history of any nation with which we are acquainted.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 113 The parallel passage in the ninth book.
1947 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 1 48 They compared their findings made in this way with parallel studies.
1992 Econ. Times (New Delhi) 25 July (Esquire Suppl.) 3/6 Parallel episodes from the epics..as well as local folklore are also incorporated in the paintings.
b. Concurrent or contemporary; existing in the same period of time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adjective]
altogether?c1400
concurrent1495
contemporana1500
unison1582
coincident1598
coetaneal1614
coactivea1616
contemporal1621
synchronisticalc1624
coetanean1625
coetaneous1649
coinstantanean1652
synchronical1652
simultal1654
contemporary1656
contemporaneous1659
simultaneousa1660
coevous1660
synchronal1660
coexistent1662
implicit1662
synchronous1669
coexistinga1676
synchronistic1685
coeval1714
contemporany1721
synchronizinga1727
joint1765
coinstantaneous1768
consentaneous1775
coinciding1786
conterminating1805
synchronic1833
coincidental1845
parallel1859
homochronous1876
monochronic1905
co-occurring1951
co-occurrent1954
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species x. 325 This great fact of the parallel succession of the forms of life throughout the world, is explicable on the theory of natural selection.
1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xviii. 131 The parallel lines of war and negotiation run on for three years more.
1930 E. H. Sturtevant in J. T. Hatfield et al. Curme Vol. Ling. Stud. 142 We must thus consider Hittite and primitive IE as parallel offshoots of an earlier language.
1991 South Aug. 30/3 The Assembly has agreed to keep the new bill on ice until a parallel arbitration process..can itself come up with recommendations.
c. Computing. Involving the concurrent or simultaneous performance of certain operations; functioning in this way; (of a computer) having two or more processing units capable of functioning in this way.massively parallel: see massively adv. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > [adjective] > way of processing
parallel1948
time-shared1954
interleaved1956
multiprogramme1959
multiprogrammed1959
uniprocessor1963
multitask1965
multitasking1966
microprocessing1974
1948 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 3 149 The use of plugboard facilities and punched cards permits parallel operation (as distinguished from sequence operation), with further gain in efficiency.
1963 W. H. Ware Digital Computer Technol. & Design II. xi. 3 Parallel arithmetic tends to be faster than serial arithmetic because it performs operations in all columns at once, rather than in one column at a time.
1990 UNIX Jrnl. 2 vii. 16/4 If you look at RISC and parallel systems architectures, our products take advantage of them, and can be almost transparently migrated from mini-processors to parallel processors or CISC to RISC.
1992 UNIX Today! 17 Feb. 41/1 MasPar..turned to Objectworks Smalltalk to quickly produce the highly integrated, visual programming environment to facilitate parallel programming and debugging.
2003 Wall St. Jrnl. 13 Oct. b4/5 They both plan to..exploit a technology called ‘multi-threading’, in which chips execute parallel strings of instructions known as threads.
3. Music. Designating an interval maintained between two parts or voices as they move.See also parallel motion n. (c) at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [adjective] > others
Pythagorean1653
diazeuctic1698
redundant1753
direct1828
parallel1876
1876 J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 342/2 Parallel motion... Parallel fifths are under certain limitations forbidden. (Consecutives).
1881 W. S. Pratt in Princeton Rev. Nov. 336 In the early part of the middle ages it is said that melodies were sung by two voices in parallel fifths and fourths as now tenors and sopranos frequently sing together in parallel octaves.
1989 P. van der Merwe Origins Pop. Style (1992) iv. 31 There is..a heptatonic, legato type of singing, usually in parallel thirds or triads.
1997 Cathedral Music Winter 9/2 All ranks of pipes would sound with each key and the effect must have been an instrumental equivalent of the contemporary style of vocal organum, with parallel fourths and fifths.
C. adv.
1. In a parallel direction or manner; concurrently; in association or in tandem. to run parallel: to run side by side.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adverb] > at the same time that with or as
there-midc888
forth withc1175
herewitha1400
runninglyc1443
hand in handa1500
straight1536
forth with that?1541
parallel1646
in parallel1709
neck and neck1799
1646 J. Hall Horæ Vacivæ 98 Their thoughts running parallel are not like to clash.
1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xii. 217 You must not hold the Blade..parallel to the Pikes, but aslant.
1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne 2 One single straggling street, three quarters of a mile in length..running parallel with The Hanger.
1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xviii. 394 That Prophetical dispensation, which ran parallel with the Monarchy from the first to the last king.
1957 L. T. C. Rolt Isambard Kingdom Brunel xiii. 247 To build the ship parallel with the river bank and launch her sideways.
1995 Sedona June 42/1 In your present dimension you have many attitudes or foci of consciousness which run parallel with each other and make up the collective consciousness.
2. to ski parallel: to ski using parallel turns when changing direction.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > skiing > ski [verb (transitive)] > actions of skier
unweight1930
angulate1963
to ski parallel1974
1974 H. Evans et al. We learned to Ski 164 We longed to ski parallel.
1992 Economist 26 Dec. 128/3 Only after a pupil had perfected each turn was he allowed to go to the next. Now beginners start learning to ski parallel within days.
1996 Independent 28 Feb. ii. 22/1 You have to be skiing parallel to get the most out of Le Pré.
Phrases
in parallel adv.
1. In a parallel or equivalent position or direction.
ΚΠ
1649 J. Lilburne Legall Fund. Liberties People of Eng. 41 [They] left none but themselves, who stand in parallell to none..but to a company of murderers, theeves and robbers.
1663 Ld. Massareene Let. 5 Jan. in T. Birch Hist. Royal. Soc. (1756) I. 188 Two sticks of fir wood..coupled together in parallel at three inches distance, from inside to inside.
1686 W. Hopkins Hist. Diss. iii. p. xxxviii, in tr. Ratramnus Bk. of Bertram conc. Body & Blood of Lord I conceive it will not be unacceptable to the Reader to see them set in parallel.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 880/1 A number of fine wires placed in parallel and slightly separated from one another.
1967 Appraisal Terminol. & Handbk. (Amer. Inst. Real Estate Appraisers) (ed. 5) 113 The small horizontal timbers or beams ranged in parallel,..to which the boards of a floor and the laths or wallboards are nailed.
2001 Biol. Bull. 200 203/2 The receptor muscles lie in parallel with the slow extensor muscle but are not powerful enough to assist with joint movement.
2. Concurrently or simultaneously; on a par with; in association or in tandem with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adverb] > at the same time that with or as
there-midc888
forth withc1175
herewitha1400
runninglyc1443
hand in handa1500
straight1536
forth with that?1541
parallel1646
in parallel1709
neck and neck1799
the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adverb]
on (or in) one sitheeOE
togethersc1175
togetherc1200
at once?c1225
at one shiftc1325
jointly1362
at one strokec1374
with that ilkec1390
at one shipea1400
withc1440
at a timec1485
at (in) one (an) instant1509
all at a shove1555
pari passu1567
in (also at, with) one breath1590
in that ilkec1590
with the same1603
in one1616
concurrently1648
concurringly1650
contemporarily1669
simultaneously1675
synchronistically1684
coevallya1711
in (also with) the same breath1721
synchronically1749
at a slap1753
synchronously1793
contemporaneously1794
coinstantaneously1807
coetaneouslya1817
consentaneously1817
at one or a sweep1834
coincidentally1837
at the very nonce1855
one time1873
coincidently1875
in parallel1969
real time1993
1709 S. Centlivre Busie Body Ded. I own I were guilty of the highest Vanity, should I presume to put my Composures in Parallel with those of that Celebrated Dramatist.
a1846 J. H. Frere Wks. (1872) I. 283 To place his model for the rule of man, In parallel with this, the simple plan.
1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xviii. 124 Negotiations for a peace..going slowly on in parallel with the slow and languishing war.
1938 New Statesman 7 May 796/2 Nor..does it seem right to attribute to ‘the scholastic tradition of the universities’ of the time, the failure of social studies to grow..in parallel with the natural sciences.
1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 373 By searching all (or very many cells) in parallel, the time of the operation is greatly reduced.
2002 Prospect Aug. 71/3 There is something faintly fascistic about the Youth Convention on the future of Europe, which ran in parallel to the grown-ups' convention in July.
3. Applied to two or more electrical conductors separately connecting the same two points; cf. sense B. 1c. Also analogously applied to pipes, tubes, etc. Contrasted with in series.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > [adverb]
in parallel1884
1884 Jrnl. Soc. Telegraph-engineers & Electricians 13 529 The two alternate-current generators cannot work in series;..they can work in parallel.
1892 Gloss. Electr. Terms in Lightning 7 Jan. Abreast, when a current is divided between two or more paths, these paths are said to be abreast or in parallel.
1949 E. P. Abraham et al. in H. W. Florey et al. Antibiotics II. xv. 644 The basic unit,..of which there were six working in parallel, was a glass tube containing amyl acetate.
1962 D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics iii. 51 The capacitance C is connected in parallel with the combination L and R.
1971 Sci. Amer. June 31/3 This could be accomplished by using a flow rate of 2,300 gallons per minute with two pumps operating in parallel.
1993 R. J. Pond Introd. Engin. Technol. (ed. 2) viii. 216 (caption) A ‘bus’ refers to two or more conductors connected in parallel and carrying information to or from the CPU.
Compounds
C1.
a. Forming parasynthetic adjectives.
parallel-edged adj.
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1854 W. Johnson Armengaud's Pract. Draughtsman's Bk. Industr. Design 186/1 A duplex pen... One [pen] can be set for the face line, and the other for the shadow, or back-line, of a hedge, or other parallel-edged prominence.
1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 515 A narrow parallel-edged opening.
1997 Independent (Nexis) 4 Jan. (All Consuming section) 16 A straight, parallel-edged blade with a point like a Roman short sword.
parallel-nerved adj.
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1882 Nature 5 Jan. 228/1 The leaves..vary..although generally parallel-nerved.
1945 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 32 11 Leaves alternate,..with closed basal sheaths, parallel-nerved.
1992 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 79 137/1 Plants with more than two parallel-nerved leaves do occur in both species.
parallel-sided adj.
ΚΠ
1686 Philos. Trans. 1685 (Royal Soc.) 15 852 What are the differences of Illuminations from one to a hundred equal Candles in a parallel-sided Room?
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species vii. 230 A little parallel-sided wall of wax.
1968 C. G. Kuper Introd. Theory Superconductivity v. 83 Let us consider a parallel-sided slab of material.
1991 R. Sale & T. Oliver Arctic Odyssey (BNC) 23 Its vast volume of water pours into a huge cleft in the earth..; a long, parallel-sided cleft that becomes a gorge or even a canyon.
b. With nouns, in adjectives used attributively.
parallel-jaw adj.
ΚΠ
1889–90 Proc. Royal Soc. 47 467 The measurements were referred directly to an inch scale by parallel-jaw callipers.
1951 Good Housek. Home Encycl. 325/2 The bench..having..a parallel-jaw vice at the other end.
1987 B. Leatham-Jones Elements Industr. Robotics v. 122 (heading) Parallel or translational jaw grippers... Usually two jaws accomplish gripping via a linear or parallel motion relative to each other.
parallel-plate adj.
ΚΠ
1848 E. Loomis Elem. Plane & Spherical Trigonom. iv. 108 To the under side of the table, a center is attached with a ball and socket, or parallel plate screws.
1907 Proc. Royal Soc. 1906–7 A. 78 484 The apparatus was practically a parallel-plate air condenser enclosed in a metal box.
1989 New Scientist 14 Jan. 35/1 One of the relays discharges the parallel-plate capacitor while the other relay remains closed.
C2. † parallel bar n. Mechanics Obsolete (in a side-lever steam engine) a bar connecting the piston rods to the side levers, converting vertical motion of the piston into oscillatory motion of the side levers.† parallel coping n. Architecture Obsolete coping with a flat upper surface.† parallel edger n. Mechanics Obsolete a pair of circular saws arranged in parallel at a variable distance apart, used to trim boards, etc., to a desired width.
parallel action n. Film an editing technique and narrative device for showing two simultaneous events by repeatedly cutting between two pieces of action which are shown concurrently.
ΚΠ
1953 K. Reisz Technique Film Editing i. 20 Porter himself developed this kind of parallel action editing further in his subsequent films.
1995 Camcorder User Apr. 53/3 While parallel action is a very useful form of movie manipulation, it requires careful scripting and editing.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1630/1 Parallel bar, a rod in the side-lever engine, forming a connection with the pump-rods and studs along the center line of the levers.
parallel bars n. Gymnastics a pair of parallel horizontal rails supported on posts about 180 cm (6 feet) above the ground, used in men's gymnastics; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > [noun] > equipment
plummet?1537
springboard?1780
horse1785
trampoline1798
club1815
gallows1817
Indian club1825
rope1825
horizontal bar1827
trapeze1830
vaulting bar1839
parallel bars1850
wooden horse1854
trapezium1856
giant stride1863
ring1869
vaulting horse1875
mast1880
fly-pole1884
pommel1887
Roman ring1894
mat1903
wall bar1903
pommel horse1908
buck1932
pommel vault1932
landing mat1941
rebounder1980
1850 E. E. Hale Margaret Percival in Amer. 43 Latin and Greek are the best of gymnastics; but..I did not want to swing on their parallel bars forever.
1855 N. Amer. Rev. July 64 The more violent exercises of ropes, weights, pulleys, masts and parallel bars.
1893 C. G. Leland Memoirs I. 261 [He] exhibited..his skill on the parallel bars, horizontal pole, etcetera.
1992 Olympics 92 (BBC Sports) 92/1 Gymnasts from the Unified Team are superb on the parallel bars.
ΚΠ
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 956 at Coping Coping equally thick throughout is called parallel coping.
c1850 E. Lomax & T. Gunyon Nicholson's Encycl. Archit. II. 261/1 Parallel copings, such copings as have their upper surface parallel to the bed of the stone, as in those which cover the gable of a house.
parallel cousin n. Cultural Anthropology one of cousins whose parents are siblings of the same sex, an ortho-cousin; (more generally) a first cousin.
ΚΠ
1923 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 53 79 Those special regulations of marriage which prescribe marital union between cross-cousins and bar one between parallel-cousins, should be investigated.
1970 E. Leach Lévi-Strauss 121 A parallel cousin..is a cousin of the type ‘mother's sister's child’ or ‘father's brother's child’.
1992 J. Silverberg & J. P. Gray Aggression & Peacefulness 202 Both cross and parallel cousins are classed with siblings (and the incest taboo forbids marriage between any of these people).
parallel development n. Politics (historical) the policy of racial segregation in southern Africa (used esp. in or with reference to official government terminology); = separate development n. at separate adj. 3g.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > segregation or discrimination
discrimination1819
colour discrimination1868
colour bar1869
segregation1903
plural democracy1939
apartheid1947
parallel development1950
separate development1955
petty apartheid1964
1950 Ann. Reg. 1949 140 The conflict between the Southern Rhodesian policy of ‘parallel development’ with its emphasis on permanent European control, and the United Kingdom policy of partnership leading to self-government.
1971 Weekend World (Johannesburg) 9 May 3/4 Chief George agreed with an Opposition claim that parallel development in the Republic meant that the Europeans were in the sky and Africans were in the mud.
1980 A. P. Brink Mapmakers (1983) 202 We have followed the semantic metamorphosis of ‘apartheid’ into ‘separate development’ into ‘parallel development’ into ‘equal opportunity’ [etc.].
parallel distributed processing n. Psychology and Physiology the use of or an approach to, a computational process involving a real or simulated network of interconnected processing units, spec. one in which processes take place in parallel (cf. connectionism n.).
ΚΠ
1986 D. E. Rumelhart et al. (title) Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition.
1989 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 40 548 The friends of parallel distributed processing (PDP) also recognize a level of uninterpreted description which is quite distinct from the physiological level.
1993 M. Novak in M. Benedikt Cyberspace (1993) 237 Mathematically, parallel distributed processing can be described in terms of surfaces with local and global maxima and minima, and convergence is given as a transverse along the surface to a state of minimum ‘computational energy’.
2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 14 Mar. 38/4 Because the connectionist system processes information by a series of interacting parallel processes where the information is distributed over an entire network, this style of computation is often called parallel distributed processing (PDP).
parallel economy n. economic activity which takes place outside officially sanctioned and regulated channels of commerce.
ΚΠ
1972 Guardian 19 Sept. 13/7 Black money is a vast parallel economy of billions of rupees in cash transactions that never reach the tax collector.
2002 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Mar. 178/2 The value of the parallel economy in Pakistan is $15 billion.
ΚΠ
1867 Sci. Amer. 23 Feb. 129/3 Immense saving of time and labor and a much better quality of lumber produced by the use of Hayes & Newman's Patent Double Parallel Edger.
1879 Lumberman's Gaz. 15 Oct. The roller edger, now almost wholly superseded by the gang or parallel edger.
parallel evolution n. Biology evolution following a similar course in related groups of organisms; parallelism (see parallelism n. 6a).
ΚΠ
1888 Amer. Naturalist 22 1070 In the parallel evolution of trituberculy in different phyla we find that the progression is by no means uniform.
1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xvii. 349 This parallel evolution [of the eye] has extended in the cephalopods and the vertebrates to the various accessory parts of the organs, which are extraordinarily similar in arrangement in the two groups.
1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) iv. 89 Parallel evolution was the mechanism Carleton Coon had used to explain how the modern human races had evolved at separate and distinctly unequal rates.
parallel file n. a metal file whose edges are parallel, not tapering.
ΚΠ
1873 C. P. B. Shelley Workshop Appliances iii. 80 Examples of both taper and parallel files will be found in Fig. 55.
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. 143 Flat File..is either a tapered or a parallel file.
parallel forces n. Physics forces acting in parallel directions.
ΚΠ
1824 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 114 321 If therefore the different magnetic intensities..be regarded as so many parallel forces..the position of the centre of force..may be readily determined.
1956 W. Merchant & A. Bolton Introd. Theory Structures i. 11 If two parallel forces are equal and opposite their resultant is zero, but the forces still have a moment about any point in their plane. This system is known as a couple.
1998 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 8054/1 All parallel titin strands bear the same force at a given extension; the sum of these parallel forces is the force measured at the ends of the myofibril.
parallel importer n. Economics a person or company trading in parallel imports.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trader > merchant > [noun] > importer or exporter > types of
provision importer1885
net exporter1890
dumper1903
Klondiker1926
parallel importer1980
1980 Japan Econ. Jrnl. (Nexis) 8 Sept. (Machinery section) 7 These sales are being made by the so-called ‘parallel importers’ which import BL vehicles from BL agencies in third countries.
1992 Economist 2 May 106/2 Another ploy may be to produce pills in shapes that are too odd for standard machinery to reproduce. However, such moves are opposed by parallel importers.
parallel importing n. Economics the action or process of dealing in parallel imports.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > importing and exporting > [noun] > importing > importing practices
preference1767
parallel importing1982
1982 Financial Times 2 June 14/5 On a large scale, parallel importing can seriously undermine the profits of companies which have spent millions in researching and developing the drug in the first place.
2000 European Rep. (Electronic ed.) 8 Nov. For the research-based industry, whose leading branded products are the principal victims of parallel importing, the Commission's Decision had raised a very important issue.
parallel imports n. Economics goods imported by unlicensed independent distributors for sale at less than the manufacturer's official retail price.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] > imports or exports > types of
sufferance goods1774
run1789
indent1801
export reject1952
parallel imports1966
liftings1973
1966 Economist 14 May 743/1 The EEC Commission has no intention of trying to outlaw all sole rights agreements, but only those that grant absolute territorial protection to the distributor, by guaranteeing him against parallel imports.
1989 Hotel Okura News (Tokyo) Apr. 1/3 In conducting our daily business, we felt strongly that the world economy had become globalized, meshed closely together and borderless. From this, there appeared a new headache. The so-called ‘Parallel Imports’.
2000 Pop. Photogr. July 122/2 ‘Gray market’ (or parallel imports) transshipped from dealers overseas bypassing the American distributor.
parallel interface n. Computing a type of data interface (used esp. to connect a peripheral device to a computer) in which the bits comprising a single byte or word are transmitted in parallel, each on a separate line or connection, with control signals being transmitted on additional dedicated connections; (also) a parallel port (see parallel port n.); cf. serial port n. at serial adj. and n. Compounds 1.
ΚΠ
1973 M. D. Bacon & G. M. Bull Data Transmission xi. 108 (heading) Analog and parallel interfaces.
1989 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Med. 82 285/1 The network is served by an Apple 80Mbyte hard disk connected via the parallel interface to an additional Macintosh, which acts as a file server.
2001 Contact May 27/2 The USB link uses up far less of your precious processor time than the parallel interface.
parallel knife n. a knife having two close-set parallel blades, used for cutting thin sections of a specimen for inspection under a microscope.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1630/2 Parallel knife, two knife-blades in one handle, set parallel to each other, with one or more screws to regulate their distance.
1939 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 26 74/1 As soon as the agar had hardened, the blocks..to be used in the tests were cut out with parallel knives.
2001 Amer. Jrnl. Sports Med. (Nexis) 1 July 450 A custom-made parallel knife containing two No. 11 blades with a 10-mm wide interval was used.
parallel lathe n. now rare a small lathe used by jewellers, dentists, etc., consisting of a spindle bearing several grinding wheels of different sizes, as well as a brush, drill, etc., which all operate simultaneously.
ΚΠ
1870 Rep. U.S. Commissioners Paris Universal Expos. 1867 179 Machine tools for working metal, such as simple lathes, mechanical lathes, parallel lathes, spherical lathes, [etc.].
2002 Foundry Trade Jrnl. (Nexis) 1 Feb. 19 Every exported vehicle, machanical [sic] or electric equipment includes a percentage of foundry parts (15% of weight in a car, 50% in a tractor, 75% in a parallel lathe).
parallel market n. (a) a market in which stocks or other financial instruments may be traded with fewer restrictions than apply in the official market; (b) illicit trading in goods or foreign currency, evading normal economic regulations (cf. grey market n. and black market n.).
ΚΠ
1947 Jrnl. Business Univ. Chicago 20 78/1 The steady growth of the ‘parallel market’—newest euphemism for the despised but tolerated black market.
1975 Economist 12 Apr. 62 The growth of a huge parallel market. This is a world of private enterprise within the state system that can provide everything from a car wind~screen to a faked university degree.
2003 RAPID (Nexis) 13 June The current management of Chinese import quotas has led to the appearance of a parallel market for licenses, particularly for fertilisers and automobiles.
parallel-medium n. South African (a) n. an educational system in which separate classes are held in two languages of instruction (Afrikaans and English); (b) adj. designating this system, or a school, etc., which employs it.
ΚΠ
1953 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 26 366 Children of both linguistic groups should be educated in common schools, using the ‘parallel medium’ or ‘dual medium’.
1958 Cape Argus 10 Dec. 20/5 The classroom instruction given in Afrikaans-medium classes in a parallel~medium school would be as Afrikaans as instruction given in the classes of an exclusively single-medium Afrikaans school.
2003 Africa News (Nexis) 18 June The practice of parallel-medium instruction..has opened the doors of learning to thousands of black students.
parallel motion n. (a) the motion of bodies which are moving in parallel directions, of one body in a direction parallel to another, or of a body which points in the same direction at every point of the motion; (b) a mechanical device which converts alternating rectilinear motion into circular motion, and vice versa; (c) Music a movement of two parts or voices in the same direction, maintaining the same interval between them.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > converters
pallet1676
rack1717
parallel motion1728
rack and pinion?c1780
rack bara1824
radius rod1834
rack rod1839
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > movement of parts > specific
report1502
augmentationc1570
diminution1597
consecution1655
inversion1664
imitation1728
sequence1737
oblique motion1786
Rosalia1786
triple progression1786
parallel motion1864
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Centre The Centre of Percussion is the same with the Centre of Gravity, if all the Parts of the percutient Body be carry'd with a parallel Motion.
c1784 M. Boulton & J. Watt in E. Robinson & A. E. Musson James Watt & Steam Revol. (1969) 154 The brasses of the parallel motion should be frequently examined.
1829 Nat. Philos. (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. Mechanics ii. xiii. 59 The most remarkable method of converting an alternate rectilinear motion into an alternate circular one, is that known by the name of the parallel motion, invented by Watt for his double-acting steam-engine.
1857 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. (ed. 3) I. v. 381 The parallel motion of the Earth's axis.
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Parallel motion,..the ascending or descending of two or more parts in such a manner as to have constantly the same interval between the corresponding notes in the several parts.
1946 L. Toft & T. J. Kersey Theory of Machines (ed. 5) vi. 167 One form of this mechanism is known as Robert's parallel motion.
1987 B. Leatham-Jones Elements Industr. Robotics v. 122 In this design, usually two jaws accomplish gripping via a linear or parallel motion relative to each other.
2003 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 18 Apr. 28 The first track..sets the tone for the whole piece: lots of laconic, parallel-motion major and minor string chords with added seconds.
parallel perspective n. perspective in which the plane of the drawing is parallel to a principal surface of the object delineated.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > perspective > [noun] > type of
aerial perspective1704
perspective projection1807
parallel perspective1854
1854 W. Johnson Armengaud's Pract. Draughtsman's Bk. Industr. Design 155/1 We give the name of parallel perspective to the representation of objects by oblique projections,..the visual rays, which we have..supposed to be always perpendicular to the geometrical planes, form, on the contrary, a certain angle with these planes, remaining, however, constantly parallel with each other.
1913 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 3 ii. 248 The original ground-floor itself is decorated with stuccos and pictures of interest to geologists,..while the architectural framework in which they are set shows the first attempt at parallel perspective.
1972 Science 7 Jan. 50/3 The Chinese, in the absence of Euclidean geometry and the post-Renaissance science of optics, had to resort to different conventions such as the ‘parallel perspective’ to represent distance.
parallel port n. Computing a type of input/output socket (used esp. to connect a peripheral device to a computer) which provides a set of parallel connections, and supports the transmission of data (in the form of bytes or words) as multiple bits in parallel; (also) a parallel interface; cf. serial interface n. at serial adj. and n. Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry > port
data port1970
port1970
parallel port1978
1978 Minicomputer News 2 Feb. 17/1 The AIS pods carry two 8080 AMDs (Advanced Micro Devices) connected via an 8-bit parallel port.
1980 Pract. Computing May 96 (heading) Parallel ports mean faster data transfer.
1991 Compute Sept. 100/1 Msound..is a sound-card-in-a-box that plugs into your parallel port and includes a built-in amplifier and stereo headphones.
2001 Contact May 94/3 If you want to use a printer, it is likely to hook up to the parallel port.
parallel postulate n. Geometry the fifth postulate of the first book of Euclid's Elements, which states that if two straight lines are cut by a third, and the sum of the interior angles on one side of the third line is less than two right angles, then the two straight lines meet on that side of the third, or (equivalently), given a straight line and a point not on the line, there exists only one straight line through the point parallel to the given line.
ΚΠ
1878 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 1 261 The Parallel-Postulate was generally supposed to be a consequence of the nature of straight lines.
1942 G. M. Merriman To discover Math. vi. 152 Historically the non-Euclidean geometries..arose from attempts to establish Euclid's parallel postulate as a theorem based on his other more acceptable assumptions.
1991 C. B. Boyer & U. C. Merzbach Hist. Math. (ed. 2) xxiii. 521 In the paper of 1829 he [sc. Lobachevsky] became the first mathematician to take the revolutionary step of publishing a geometry specifically built on an assumption in direct conflict with the parallel postulate: Through a point C lying outside a line AB there can be drawn more than one line in the plane and not meeting AB.
parallel processing n. the performance of different operations simultaneously or concurrently, spec. by a computer or computer system; (also) multiprocessing.
ΚΠ
1941 Amer. Econ. Rev. 31 575 Establishments..engaged in parallel processing of different materials (e.g., radios and pianos).
1961 Accounting Rev. 36 532/2 Promotional materials on the Honeywell 800 stress that up to eight programs may be run simultaneously. This feature is discussed under ‘Automatic Parallel Processing.’
1974 P. H. Enslow Multiprocessors & Parallel Processing i. 1 This book focuses on..the integration of multiple functional units into a multiprocessing or parallel processing system.
1993 D. Burrus & R. Gittines Technotrends (1994) iv. 75 We could offer..a system for networking PCs in parallel allowing our smaller customers to tap into the power of parallel processing when they need to.
2001 Pop. Sci. Oct. 37/1 It [sc. the lens of the eye], your brain, and your retina ‘allow you to build an image in an instant using parallel processing.’
parallel processor n. a computer or processor that performs parallel processing.
ΚΠ
1961 Operations Res. 9 845 The final node of the tree may represent a certain mathematical expression where m is the number of parallel processors (i.e., arithmetic units) in a computer.
1987 T. Forester High-tech Society (1989) ii. 41 So-called ‘parallel processors’—smaller computers which work on different parts of a problem at the same time—have hit the market.
1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 8 Apr. 37/1 Some recent machines simulate the brain by using networks of parallel processors called ‘neural nets’.
parallel roads n. Geology a series of parallel terraces occurring on the sides of a glacial valley, each of which represents a former shoreline or beach corresponding to a temporary level of a glacial lake.
ΚΠ
1817 Trans. Geol. Soc. 4 314 On the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy.
1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. vi. 53 The Parallel Roads in the north-east..are so nearly horizontal as to seem undoubtedly erosional in origin.
1988 A. Wainwright Wainwright in Scotl. (1992) (BNC) 126 The visitors who turn up this road do so having heard or read of the ‘parallel roads’, a remarkable geological antiquity found in other Scottish glens but nowhere as clearly defined as in Glen Roy.
parallel rod n. now rare = coupling-rod n. at coupling n. Compounds 2; (also) a similar mechanism attached to the rudder on a ship.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > coupling-rod connecting wheels
parallel rod1813
connecting rod1839
coupling-rod1869
coupling1874
coupler1879
1813 Arch. of Useful Knowl. Jan. 202 The rudder, its yokes, parallel rods, &c.,..carry its movements to the tillers on deck... In this manner the boat never puts about.
1853 Sci. Amer. 12 Nov. 68/1 An improved coupling rod,..extending the strap of the connecting rod beyond the box of the crank pin of the driving axle, to hold a pin to be received in a box attached to the parallel rod.
1913 L. V. Ludy Locomotive Boilers & Engines 99 The parallel or side rods are also made with an I-section in order to obtain a maximum strength with a minimum weight of metal.
parallel ruler n. (also parallel rulers) an instrument for drawing parallel lines, consisting of two or more straight rulers connected by jointed crosspieces so as to be always parallel, at whatever distance they are set.
ΚΠ
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Parallel Ruler.
1754 N.Y. Mercury 27 May James Ham,..makes and sells all sorts of mathematical instruments,..as, Theodolite's circumferenter's, sectors parallel rulers, protractors, [etc.].
1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) ix. 88 Mr. Brogley..went, softly whistling, among the stock; rattling weather glasses, shaking compasses,..setting parallel rulers astride on to his nose, [etc.].
1951 H. Wouk Caine Mutiny (1952) v. xxix. 317 Maryk at once handed over the dividers and parallel rulers.
1990 T. Cunliffe Easy on Helm xiii. 111 The boat will swivel on the pair of lines [sc. stern spring and bow line] like one arm of a parallel ruler, the other arm in this case being the dock.
parallel sailing n. Nautical (now chiefly historical) sailing along a parallel of latitude, i.e. directly east or west.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > [noun] > types of navigation
great circle sailing1595
loxodromics1704
oblique sailing1704
orthodromics1704
right sailing1704
parallel sailing1705
orthodromy1706
plane sailing1749
composite sailing1850
loxodromy1855
radio navigation1926
hyperbolic navigation1945
satnav1970
hyperbolic system1972
1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. iii, Parallel Sailing, sailing under a Parallel of Latitude.
1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Parallel Sailing, in Navigation, is sailing under a Parallel of Latitude.
1853 H. N. Robinson Treat. Surveying & Navigation 183 When a ship sails east or west, the distance sailed is called departure, and is reduced to longitude by the preceding proportion. This is called parallel sailing.
1998 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch (Nexis) 15 Jan. (Health & Sci. section) e1 Navigators since Columbus practiced ‘parallel sailing’, steering along a constant latitude determined from the difference of a given body's declination at transit (usually the sun) and 90 degrees.
parallel skier n. a person who skis using parallel turns when changing direction.
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1974 H. Evans et al. We learned to Ski 67 A good parallel skier will appreciate it.
1993 Ski Surv. Feb. 6/1 Group lessons for standards 0 (absolute beginner) to 9, where confident parallel skiers will be introduced to offpiste.
parallel skiing n. skiing in this manner.
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1974 H. Evans et al. We learned to Ski 12 Teaching by ‘ski évolutif’—beginning parallel ski-ing on mini-skis.
1985 Skiing (‘Know the Game’ Ser.) (ed. 5) 22 You will now learn to make linked turns with rhythm, and then progressively alter the way you turn so that parallel skiing develops from your snowplough turns.
1994 Enroute (Air Canada) Nov. 11/1 It also offers an instruction machine for parallel-skiing, an experience one visitor describes as ‘surreal’.
parallel sphere n. Astronomy rare the celestial or terrestrial sphere when its equator is parallel to the horizon (as it is only at the earth's poles); cf. oblique sphere n. at oblique adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2, right sphere n. at right adj. and int. Compounds 2.
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the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > parallel sphere
parallel sphere1594
1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. i. xvii. f. 148v This kind of Spheare is called a paralel Spheare, in which Sphear they that dwel haue 6. moneths day, and 6. moneths night.
1926 H. N. Russell et al. Astron. I. i. 22 The Parallel Sphere. If the observer is at the pole of the earth, where his latitude is 90°, the celestial pole will be at his zenith, and the equator will coincide with his horizon.
parallel text n. one of two or more versions of a literary work, etc., printed in a format which allows direct textual comparison, often on facing or consecutive pages of the same volume; a text containing different versions of the same work (e.g. in its original language and in translation) set out in such a way.
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society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > version of text > [noun] > two or more versions juxtaposed
parallel text1870
1870 F. J. Furnivall Chaucer Soc. Six-text Print of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales in Parallel Columns (verso rear cover of first section) The issue for 1870 is, in the First Series, XIV. The Miller's, Reeve's, and Cook's Tales, with an Appendix of the Spurious Tale of Gamelyn, in 6 parallel Texts.
1889 C. Plummer Two Saxon Chrons. Parallel p. viii This, the first of our two parallel texts, is commonly known as the Parker MS.
1978 Notes & Queries Feb. 75/2 Mrs. Bawcutt's own admirable parallel~text edition..will doubtless remain standard.
1992 ICAME Jrnl. Apr. 114 Kenneth Church..described different tools for establishing word correspondences in parallel texts.
parallel tracking n. tracking in which the pick-up on a record player is kept tangential to the record groove by a rectilinear motion of the arm; frequently attributive.
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1941 B.B.C. Gloss. Broadcasting Terms 22 Parallel tracking unit.
1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio viii. 145 Where parallel tracking arms are used, calibration above the track is a fairly simple matter. (But parallel tracking..has not proved itself in practice.)
1992 Daily Tel. (BNC) 11 Apr. The Rational Audio Aura 01 is a Czech-made deck with a parallel tracking arm.
parallel turn n. Skiing a turn made with the skis kept parallel to each other.
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1954 F. Broderman & G. A. McPartlin Ski-ing for Beginners ix. 77 The Parallel Turn is a speed turn.
1995 Daily Mail Ski Mag. Feb. 41/4 Slide your uphill ski forwards and stand on it with pressure, edge and turn. You will be edging early, controlling an effective parallel turn.
parallel universe n. (a) (originally and chiefly Science Fiction) a universe conceived of as existing alongside or in addition to our own, having many similarities to it but usually differing from it in some significant way; also figurative; (b) (in the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics) a universe regarded as actually existing alongside our own, albeit with no possibility of detection (see many-worlds n. at many adj., pron., n., and adv. Compounds 2).
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1923 H. G. Wells Men like Gods v. 51 We conceive ourselves to be living in a parallel universe to yours, on a planet the very brother of your own.
1974 J. Blish Star Trek 10 19 You are hypothesizing a parallel universe, Captain!
1992 L. Tuttle Lost Futures 92 You probably haven't heard of the many-worlds theory in quantum mechanics, but a lot of people consider the idea of parallel universes.
2001 M. Azerrad Our Band could be your Life v. 190 It was definitely a parallel universe,..a subculture that had no mainstream intentions at all.
2002 Sci. Amer. Mar. 26/2 Another brane—a parallel universe—resides a subsubatomic distance away.
parallel-veined adj. Botany (of a leaf) having approximately parallel veins (of roughly equal width) throughout most of its length, as in most monocotyledons.
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1845 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. i. 89 The form of parallel-veined leaves is less diversified than that of the preceding classes.
1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. i. iii. 153 We apply the term parallel-veined to all leaves in which the main veins are more or less parallel.
1983 Garden Design Autumn 8/2 Leaves of grass are always parallel-veined and belong to the great group of plants known as monocotyledons.
parallel vice n. a vice in which a bar on one jaw moves in a socket on the other so that the faces of the jaws are always parallel, as opposed to one in which one jaw is pivoted so as to move in an arc towards the other.
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1848 Sci. Amer. 13 May 268/2 (heading) Stiven's parallel vice... The main advantage of this Vice consists in the parallel movement of the sliding jaw, without the work being marked.
1879 Manufacturer & Builder 11 54/1 Nowadays no good workman will have anything to do with such a vise, but wants a parallel vise, made in such a way that the jaw is not hinged, but remains parallel with itself while moving.
1914 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 90 367 The arrangement..consists simply of a stopped brass tube..with a brass plunger..fitting into it. It is placed endwise in a large parallel vice, which serves to force in the plunger.
parallel world n. a fictional or hypothesized world held to exist alongside or in addition to the known world; = parallel universe n.
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1931 B. Herbert in Wonder Stories Aug. 313/1 The disconcerting change of direction of gravity, catching him unawares while passing along the fourth dimension from that tri-dimensional parallel world so near to ours.
1964 R. A. Heinlein in If July 48/2 You've heard of parallel worlds? A million worlds side by side, almost alike but not quite? Worlds where Elizabeth married Essex and Mark Anthony hated redheads?
1974 Sci. Amer. May 122/3 He outlines a metatheory in which the universe at every micromicroinstant branches into countless parallel worlds.
2001 Sci. Fiction Chron. June 30/1 The good writers actually create a parallel world when they create their world of fiction.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
parallelv.
/ˈparəlɛl/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəˌlɛl/ 1.
a. transitive. To be parallel or equal to; to correspond or be equivalent to (usually in worth or quality); to come up to, match.Frequently in passive with indeterminate subject, hence passing into 1b (e.g. it can't be paralleled = ‘no one can parallel or match it’).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > be or become equal [verb (intransitive)] > be equal or find one's match (of persons)
make?a1300
to meet (also find) one's matchc1300
to be matchesa1470
match1536
parallela1594
paira1616
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > be equal to or match
to be even witheOE
match?1529
countervail1530
even1582
suit1583
patterna1586
amate1590
proportionate1590
parallela1594
fellow1596
to hold its level with1598
adequate1599
coequal1599
twin1605
paragonize1606
peer1614
to come upa1616
proportiona1616
paragon1620
parallelize1620
tail1639
to match up to (also with)1958
a1594 S. Daniel Trag. Cleopatra Ep. Ded. 80 And we shall paralell them eueryway.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 255 For rapes and rauishments he paralels Nessus. View more context for this quotation
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 177 Of all the wonders of Italy..nothing dos parallel this.
1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. i. viii. 36 A Master-piece of Architecture, not easie to be parallel'd.
a1718 W. Penn Sandy Found. Shaken in Wks. (1726) I. 249 Whose Faction, Prejudice, and Cruelty soon parallel'd the foregoing Heathenish Persecutions.
1853 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 127 1189 A state of things..which [cannot] be paralleled in any country.
1861 H. S. Maine Anc. Law ix. 306 Reluctance to admitting that..there is anything in contemporary manners which parallels the loyalty of the antique world.
1890 Mineral. Mag. 9 43 The rock..is most closely paralleled by the olivine-bearing lamprophyres.
1933 R. Tuve Seasons & Months iv. 151 A similar manuscript in Munich..parallels the Horae in many ways.
1992 D. Spoto Laurence Olivier xvi. 372 It was imbued by Olivier with a Chekhovian wistfulness paralleling his own mood that season.
b. intransitive. To be comparable with someone or something; to be equivalent or analogous; to match. Now usually with to.Apparently rare between the 17th and 20th centuries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > be or become equal [verb (intransitive)] > be equivalent
amountc1390
to pass for (also as)1463
to come to one purpose1489
weigh1529
to pass muster1573
parallel1626
tantamount1628
to come to the same1643
coextenda1711
muster1820
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §125 It [sc. sound] parallelleth in so many other things with the sight and radiation of things invisible.
1637 T. Heywood Dial. in Wks. (1874) VI. 307 Will you then, Since that we parallell in number thus, Helpe us to fill a measure?
1657 in T. Burton Diary (1828) II. 100 The case yesterday, as I apprehend, may directly parallel with this.
1907 Smart Set Mar. 52/2 He..recognizes the truth that so easily their paths might have paralleled if events had only favored.
1977 Zigzag Mar. 21/1 Then it parallels to R&B in quite a few ways.
1999 S. L. Kasfir Contemp. Afr. Art v. 165 His position..essentially parallels to the 1980s critique by Native American artists in the USA that white culture is only capable of representing them as stereotypes.
2. † c. transitive. To bring to a state of conformity or equivalence. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To place (a person or thing) beside another mentally, so as to show a similarity between them; to exhibit an analogy between (two or more things); to represent as similar or corresponding (to); to compare or equate with, to liken.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > comparison in parallel > treat in parallel [verb (transitive)]
parallel1598
parallelize1610
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 172 To consider and paralleill his owne forces with the..powers of the aduersary.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xxiv. 881/1 Well may she bee paralelled with the euer-renowned Zenobia.
1622 E. Chaloner Sixe Serm. 209 That I should vndergoe the taske of Plutarch; and no lesse paralell the fortunes of Englands Inhabitants and the posteritie of Israel.
1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 31 I desire you to parallel the Follies and Vices of the Town with the shadows of such in the Country.
1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful iii. §25. 112 Let us parallel this with the softness..of the beautiful in other things.
a1785 R. Glover Athenaid (1787) II. xiv. 86 Dost thou, Nicanor, parallel with mine The Oedipean horrors, or the pangs Felt by the race of Pelops?
1881 Guardian 9 Feb. 215 [He] parallels to-day's outcry against Ritualism with yesterday's against Methodism.
1951 W. K. Matthews Langs. U.S.S.R. iv. 57 The already noticed Manchu vowel-alternation to express sex-gender may be paralleled by Evenki examples.
2001 Oxoniensia 65 179 The decorated rim can be paralleled with an example found within one of the quarry ditches at the Hazleton North long cairn.
b. transitive. To find or furnish an equal for (something); to match. Frequently in negative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > find or produce an equal to
match1596
cope1600
parallel1609
parallelize1669
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. ii. 161 Well may we fight for her, whom we know well, The worlds large spaces cannot paralell . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 61 My young remembrance cannot paralell A fellow to it. View more context for this quotation
1672 H. Herbert Narr. in Camden Misc. (1990) XXX. 310 You canot invent a lye..but he can either parallell or exceed it.
1698 E. Lhuyd Let. 10 Mar. in J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (1713) ii. iv. 187 Such unknown Plants as we cannot parallel.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker III. 262 But my aunt and her paramour..formed, indeed, such a pair of originals, as, I believe, all England could not parallel.
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 187 For the Italians, the Middle Ages were an era of such grandeur as even their ancient history had not paralleled.
1874 J. P. Mahaffy Social Life Greece ii. 25 I cannot parallel these facts in Homer.
1996 R. H. Bork Slouching towards Gomorrah ii. xiv. 278 Jesus uttered no command which had not been anticipated by the Rabbis–few, indeed, which cannot be paralleled in classical, ancient Egyptian, Ninevite, or Chinese texts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)]
evenOE
peerc1480
parifyc1487
fellow?a1513
equate1530
coequal1588
adequate1593
equal1594
parallela1616
parallelize1620
equalize1622
coequalize1634
appariate1652
coextend1656
equalify1679
square1815
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iv. ii. 80 His life is paralel'd Euen with the stroke and line of his great Iustice. View more context for this quotation
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 16 [He] will make..use of swift-stealing Time,..that he may parallel his Art with his Valour.
3. transitive. To make parallel. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > state or position of being parallel > be parallel with [verb (transitive)] > make parallel
parallel1646
parallelize1853
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. ii. 63 [At the Azores] it [sc. the needle] seemeth equally distracted by both [continents], and diverting unto neither, doth parallell and place it self upon the true Meridian. View more context for this quotation
1969 Gloss. Terms Dentistry (B.S.I.) 75 Parallelometer, an apparatus..for paralleling attachments and abutments for bridges.
4. transitive. Originally North American. To run parallel with; to be positioned alongside or in the same direction as. Also of a person, vehicle, etc.: to move along a parallel course to; to run alongside.
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the world > space > relative position > state or position of being parallel > be parallel with [verb (transitive)]
parallel1885
1885 Harper's Mag. Apr. 695/1 Railroad Avenue has been paralleled by another..business street named Gold Avenue.
1899 R. Kipling Stalky & Co. 257 He had then..crossed over a ridge that paralleled their rear.
1914 E. R. Burroughs Tarzan of Apes xiv. 184 Clayton heard the great body paralleling his course, and now there rose upon the evening air the beast's thunderous roar.
1946 D. C. Peattie Road of Naturalist (U.K. ed.) v. 52 We paralleled the fresh alluvial green winding along the Sevier's course.
2003 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 5 July (Travel section) j10 It's pedestrian-and bike-friendly, with a long asphalt trail paralleling the main highway.
5. transitive. To connect (electrical apparatus) in parallel (see in parallel adv. at parallel n., adj., and adv. Phrases.). Also with with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > transmission of electricity, conduction > connection, contact > connect [verb (transitive)] > in parallel
parallel1902
1902 Electr. Rev. 27 June 1056/2 (heading) Apparatus for paralleling alternators.
1903 T. Sewell Elem. Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) xviii. 379 There is not so much danger in paralleling machines which have iron cored armatures, for their self-induction prevents a dangerous current from flowing.
1952 G. V. Mueller Alternating-current Machines ix. 339 When a shunt generator is to be paralleled with an operating d-c system, it is driven at its rated speed by a prime mover.
1965 Wireless World Sept. 431/1 They [sc. thyristors] may be used singly to give a 2A d.c. output or they may be paralleled to give any desired output provided that suitable arrangements are made for simultaneous firing.
1988 V. Capel Audio & Hi-Fi Engineer's Pocket Bk. 159 Any number of speakers can be paralleled providing their combined impedance is not less than that of the amplifier.
Derivatives
ˈparalleled adj. rare
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1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. lxxxii. 344 Knowe our Weale-publiques blisse is now a parale'lled Creation, wherein Religion and our Lawes persever in their Station.
1986 Pract. Woodworking July 339/3 This parallelled portion on the back sticks allows the bow to go down far enough without leaving unsightly gaps around the holes on the top edge.
ˈparalleling n.
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the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [noun] > correlating
paralleling1634
correlation1879
1634 T. Jackson Serm. Matt. ii. 17–18 §4 The exact paralleling of the type and antitype..they purposely leave to the industrious search of posterity.
1987 E. H. J. Pallett Aircraft Electr. Syst. (ed. 3) i. 12/1 A third coil is also wound on the electromagnetic core for paralleling purposes.
2011 Notes & Queries Sept. 441/2 The frequent paralleling of culinary events on the stage.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.adv.a1544
v.a1594