panningn.¹

Brit.

/ˈpanɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpænɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pan n.¹, -ing suffix¹; pan v.³, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: Partly < pan n.¹ + -ing suffix¹, and partly < pan v.³ + -ing suffix¹.

†a. The digging of a hollow to hold water in the soil around a growing tree. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > [noun] > digging > digging round plant

milging?1440

panning1724

1724 S. Switzer et al. Pract. Fruit-gardener 74 The Panning and Mulshing concludes the Care that appertains to the Planting of Fruit-Trees, especially against Walls. By the first is easily understood the making a hollow Dish around the Stem of the Tree to hold Water.

b. Chiefly Agriculture. The formation of a hardened surface layer of soil. Cf. pan v.³ 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > soil qualities > [noun] > hardening of a layer of soil

panning1939

1939 Geogr. Jrnl. 94 468 A heavy black clay of undetermined depth without any evidence of panning, no iron concentrations and no characteristics of laterite.

1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 26 Jan. 78/3 I am completely convinced that a panning effect is negligible compared with that of a plough.

1990 R. Staines Market Gardening vi. 78 The mode of action of tined cultivators produces a crumb structure which can help prevent capping or surface panning on susceptible soils.

a. The action or process of washing gold-bearing gravel, sand, etc., in a pan, in order to separate the gold; an instance of this. Also with out and, by extension, with reference to other precious substances. Cf. pan v.³ 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > washing or streaming > for gold

gold washing1683

panning1838

pan-washing1850

rocking1850

ground-sluicing1857

gold panning1882

wash-up1890

blacksanding1906

1838 C. H. Gilman Poetry of Travelling in U.S. 290 A workman went through this process..of ‘panning’. This is merely to fill an iron pan with the gravel among which the gold is found, and to stir the pan about with the hands for some time, under water, throwing out the gravel from time to time.

1839 Amer. Railroad Jrnl. 8 99 This operation is continued until all the sand is removed, and nothing but the gold left. It is called ‘panning out’.

1850 N. Kingsley Diary 17 May (1914) 122 Stoped down to day and made a panning trough to pour quicksilver from the riffler into and fix the pump.

1870 J. O. Tucker Mute 40 Others to these the precious dirt convey, Linger a moment till the panning's through.

1872 Appletons' Jrnl. 30 Nov. 608/3 [He] frequently noticed ‘pretty stones’ or pebbles in the sands of the pannings for gold.

1901 Munsey's Mag. Aug. 662/1 Panning is the crudest and simplest method of getting out gold dust.

1951 Oxf. Junior Encycl. VII. 21/1 One of the oldest methods of assay..is the miner's concentration or ‘panning’ test.

1987 Business Wire (Nexis) 14 July Recent preliminary trenching..indicates numerous localized zones with enriched zones grading as high as 20 ounces of gold per ton from sample pannings.

2003 Insight on News (Nexis) 21 July 42 When we went to review our concessions..I started seeing all sorts of other people with canoes doing the panning.

†b. In plural. The nuggets or particles of gold obtained by panning gravel, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold > obtained by specific method

wash-up1890

pannings1891

1891 Times 15 Jan. 5/2 Samples from the surface of the various reefs..show rich pannings.

1893 Westm. Gaz. 6 Dec. 6/1 My pannings from these claims are splendid.

3. colloquial (originally U.S.). Severe criticism or denunciation; an instance of this. Cf. pan v.³ 6.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > severe

biting1382

tomahawking1777

sledgehammering1853

grief1891

pan1899

panning1908

excoriation1924

flak1968

1908 B. Fisher Mutt in San Francisco Examiner 17 June 87 He was very indignant, and gave the big retired champion an awful panning for running around using his name.

1914 Sat. Evening Post 15 Aug. 9/1 Speed sure got a pannin' in the clubhouse... Everybody..roasted him, but it didn't do no good.

1946 Jazz Writings 21/2 All this sounds like a merciless panning, I'm afraid, and yet it is kindly meant.

1958 Spectator 16 May 624/2 The Council of Industrial Design's exhibition..has had a panning from the design critics. Speaking..as a consumer, I agree with the criticism.

1989 Rhythm Apr. 13/1 The parting shot of Trevor Gilchrist was to give the thing a righteous panning within these very pages.

2002 Australian (Nexis) 11 July m18 The BBC gave them a show that was soon attracting 3-and-a-half million viewers, despite press pannings.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

panningn.²

Brit.

/ˈpanɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpænɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pan v.⁴, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < pan v.⁴ + -ing suffix¹.

a. Originally Film. The action or technique of sweeping a camera round in order to give a panoramic effect or to keep a moving subject in view. Cf. pan v.⁴ 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > camera movements > [noun]

panning1917

pan1922

panoraming1927

camera movement1929

zooming1934

tilting1938

tilt1959

whip-pan1960

1917 C. N. Bennett Guide to Kinematogr. ii. 22 Sweeping round the camera from side to side is called panoraming or ‘panning’.

1969 Amateur Photographer 23 Apr. 51/4 When you are forced to work more or less broadside-on,..swing the camera as you expose in the same direction as the movement. This technique, known as ‘panning’, is much used by press photographers.

1992 Which? May 260/1 (caption) Two approaches to movement—on the left, a sharp and dramatic ‘frozen shot’; on the right, successful panning gives an impression of speed and movement.

b. Computing. A facility in a program which allows a user to view text or images which do not fit into a screen or window by scrolling (usually horizontally) until they appear; a use of this facility.

ΚΠ

1989 PC Mag. (U.K. ed.) July 104/1 Hardware panning and zooming are available through a TSR hotkey utility.

1993 UnixWorld July 120/2 Many users like panning because it lets them leave seldom-used utilities off to the side without taking up valuable screen space.

1996 WEBTechniques Dec. 45/2 New image data is retrieved from the server as files are exposed through panning.

2. Sound Recording.

a. The action or practice of changing the position of the microphone to record different performers or to accommodate the movement of an individual performer. Cf. pan v.⁴ 2.

ΚΠ

1949 J. G. Frayne & H. Wolfe Elem. Sound Recording iii. 53 ‘Panning’ of the microphone by the ‘boom’ man is an accepted technique in production recording and is omitted only if the physical location of the actors makes it impossible for the boom man to keep up with the action.

1961 E. H. Jones Audio Frequency Engin. viii. 148 The practice of changing the microphone position from actor to actor, and of following an actor as he moves around the stage is known as ‘panning’.

b. In mixing: the action, technique, or effect of placing an individual sound signal at the desired point in the stereo field (see also quot. 1970); the position of a signal so treated. Cf. pan v.⁴ 3.

ΚΠ

1970 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio (ed. 2) 533 Panning or Steering, splitting the output from a monophonic microphone between stereo A and B channels.

1976 Gramophone Aug. 353/2 Once..the engineer has made a note of the frequency connection, artificial reverberation, compression, noise-gating, stereo panning etc.,..the final mix-down session begins.

1989 Music Technol. Oct. 33/3 Then you learn..panning, mixing and effects.

1995 Mojo Jan. 63/2 He was..very innovative,..playing with stereo panning, tape-loops and echo.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

panningadj.

Brit.

/ˈpanɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpænɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pan v.⁴, -ing suffix².

Etymology: < pan v.⁴ + -ing suffix².

Originally Film.

Of a camera, etc.: that pans (pan v.⁴); making use of panning (esp. as panning shot).

ΚΠ

1937 G. Greene in Spectator 23 Apr. 759/2 No tricky montage here, but a beautiful, smooth flow of images which results from the frank use of panning and tracking shots.

1955 Times 8 Nov. 3/6 Admirably composed, fairly static pictures or panning camera shots that suggested the straying gaze of the invisible protagonist.

1981 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 11 Jan. ii. 29/1 It's important that you ‘follow-through’ by following the subject's movement before, during and even after the exposure is made to insure a smooth panning movement.

1988 G. Adair Holy Innocents 154 The slowly panning camera ended by encompassing the Cinématèque's padlocked grille.

1998 S. Armitage All Points North (1999) 230 Panning shot: underside of bridge to vanishing point, from north shore.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1724

n.²1917

adj.1937

单词	panning
释义	panningn.¹ Brit. /ˈpanɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpænɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pan n.¹, -ing suffix¹; pan v.³, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: Partly < pan n.¹ + -ing suffix¹, and partly < pan v.³ + -ing suffix¹. 1. †a. The digging of a hollow to hold water in the soil around a growing tree. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > [noun] > digging > digging round plant milging?1440 panning1724 1724 S. Switzer et al. Pract. Fruit-gardener 74 The Panning and Mulshing concludes the Care that appertains to the Planting of Fruit-Trees, especially against Walls. By the first is easily understood the making a hollow Dish around the Stem of the Tree to hold Water. b. Chiefly Agriculture. The formation of a hardened surface layer of soil. Cf. pan v.³ 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > soil qualities > [noun] > hardening of a layer of soil panning1939 1939 Geogr. Jrnl. 94 468 A heavy black clay of undetermined depth without any evidence of panning, no iron concentrations and no characteristics of laterite. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 26 Jan. 78/3 I am completely convinced that a panning effect is negligible compared with that of a plough. 1990 R. Staines Market Gardening vi. 78 The mode of action of tined cultivators produces a crumb structure which can help prevent capping or surface panning on susceptible soils. 2. a. The action or process of washing gold-bearing gravel, sand, etc., in a pan, in order to separate the gold; an instance of this. Also with out and, by extension, with reference to other precious substances. Cf. pan v.³ 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > washing or streaming > for gold gold washing1683 panning1838 pan-washing1850 rocking1850 ground-sluicing1857 gold panning1882 wash-up1890 blacksanding1906 1838 C. H. Gilman Poetry of Travelling in U.S. 290 A workman went through this process..of ‘panning’. This is merely to fill an iron pan with the gravel among which the gold is found, and to stir the pan about with the hands for some time, under water, throwing out the gravel from time to time. 1839 Amer. Railroad Jrnl. 8 99 This operation is continued until all the sand is removed, and nothing but the gold left. It is called ‘panning out’. 1850 N. Kingsley Diary 17 May (1914) 122 Stoped down to day and made a panning trough to pour quicksilver from the riffler into and fix the pump. 1870 J. O. Tucker Mute 40 Others to these the precious dirt convey, Linger a moment till the panning's through. 1872 Appletons' Jrnl. 30 Nov. 608/3 [He] frequently noticed ‘pretty stones’ or pebbles in the sands of the pannings for gold. 1901 Munsey's Mag. Aug. 662/1 Panning is the crudest and simplest method of getting out gold dust. 1951 Oxf. Junior Encycl. VII. 21/1 One of the oldest methods of assay..is the miner's concentration or ‘panning’ test. 1987 Business Wire (Nexis) 14 July Recent preliminary trenching..indicates numerous localized zones with enriched zones grading as high as 20 ounces of gold per ton from sample pannings. 2003 Insight on News (Nexis) 21 July 42 When we went to review our concessions..I started seeing all sorts of other people with canoes doing the panning. †b. In plural. The nuggets or particles of gold obtained by panning gravel, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold > obtained by specific method wash-up1890 pannings1891 1891 Times 15 Jan. 5/2 Samples from the surface of the various reefs..show rich pannings. 1893 Westm. Gaz. 6 Dec. 6/1 My pannings from these claims are splendid. 3. colloquial (originally U.S.). Severe criticism or denunciation; an instance of this. Cf. pan v.³ 6. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > severe biting1382 tomahawking1777 sledgehammering1853 grief1891 pan1899 panning1908 excoriation1924 flak1968 1908 B. Fisher Mutt in San Francisco Examiner 17 June 87 He was very indignant, and gave the big retired champion an awful panning for running around using his name. 1914 Sat. Evening Post 15 Aug. 9/1 Speed sure got a pannin' in the clubhouse... Everybody..roasted him, but it didn't do no good. 1946 Jazz Writings 21/2 All this sounds like a merciless panning, I'm afraid, and yet it is kindly meant. 1958 Spectator 16 May 624/2 The Council of Industrial Design's exhibition..has had a panning from the design critics. Speaking..as a consumer, I agree with the criticism. 1989 Rhythm Apr. 13/1 The parting shot of Trevor Gilchrist was to give the thing a righteous panning within these very pages. 2002 Australian (Nexis) 11 July m18 The BBC gave them a show that was soon attracting 3-and-a-half million viewers, despite press pannings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). panningn.² Brit. /ˈpanɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpænɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pan v.⁴, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < pan v.⁴ + -ing suffix¹. 1. a. Originally Film. The action or technique of sweeping a camera round in order to give a panoramic effect or to keep a moving subject in view. Cf. pan v.⁴ 1. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > camera movements > [noun] panning1917 pan1922 panoraming1927 camera movement1929 zooming1934 tilting1938 tilt1959 whip-pan1960 1917 C. N. Bennett Guide to Kinematogr. ii. 22 Sweeping round the camera from side to side is called panoraming or ‘panning’. 1969 Amateur Photographer 23 Apr. 51/4 When you are forced to work more or less broadside-on,..swing the camera as you expose in the same direction as the movement. This technique, known as ‘panning’, is much used by press photographers. 1992 Which? May 260/1 (caption) Two approaches to movement—on the left, a sharp and dramatic ‘frozen shot’; on the right, successful panning gives an impression of speed and movement. b. Computing. A facility in a program which allows a user to view text or images which do not fit into a screen or window by scrolling (usually horizontally) until they appear; a use of this facility. ΚΠ 1989 PC Mag. (U.K. ed.) July 104/1 Hardware panning and zooming are available through a TSR hotkey utility. 1993 UnixWorld July 120/2 Many users like panning because it lets them leave seldom-used utilities off to the side without taking up valuable screen space. 1996 WEBTechniques Dec. 45/2 New image data is retrieved from the server as files are exposed through panning. 2. Sound Recording. a. The action or practice of changing the position of the microphone to record different performers or to accommodate the movement of an individual performer. Cf. pan v.⁴ 2. ΚΠ 1949 J. G. Frayne & H. Wolfe Elem. Sound Recording iii. 53 ‘Panning’ of the microphone by the ‘boom’ man is an accepted technique in production recording and is omitted only if the physical location of the actors makes it impossible for the boom man to keep up with the action. 1961 E. H. Jones Audio Frequency Engin. viii. 148 The practice of changing the microphone position from actor to actor, and of following an actor as he moves around the stage is known as ‘panning’. b. In mixing: the action, technique, or effect of placing an individual sound signal at the desired point in the stereo field (see also quot. 1970); the position of a signal so treated. Cf. pan v.⁴ 3. ΚΠ 1970 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio (ed. 2) 533 Panning or Steering, splitting the output from a monophonic microphone between stereo A and B channels. 1976 Gramophone Aug. 353/2 Once..the engineer has made a note of the frequency connection, artificial reverberation, compression, noise-gating, stereo panning etc.,..the final mix-down session begins. 1989 Music Technol. Oct. 33/3 Then you learn..panning, mixing and effects. 1995 Mojo Jan. 63/2 He was..very innovative,..playing with stereo panning, tape-loops and echo. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). panningadj. Brit. /ˈpanɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpænɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pan v.⁴, -ing suffix². Etymology: < pan v.⁴ + -ing suffix². Originally Film. Of a camera, etc.: that pans (pan v.⁴); making use of panning (esp. as panning shot). ΚΠ 1937 G. Greene in Spectator 23 Apr. 759/2 No tricky montage here, but a beautiful, smooth flow of images which results from the frank use of panning and tracking shots. 1955 Times 8 Nov. 3/6 Admirably composed, fairly static pictures or panning camera shots that suggested the straying gaze of the invisible protagonist. 1981 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 11 Jan. ii. 29/1 It's important that you ‘follow-through’ by following the subject's movement before, during and even after the exposure is made to insure a smooth panning movement. 1988 G. Adair Holy Innocents 154 The slowly panning camera ended by encompassing the Cinématèque's padlocked grille. 1998 S. Armitage All Points North (1999) 230 Panning shot: underside of bridge to vanishing point, from north shore. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1724n.²1917adj.1937
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panningn.1

panningn.2

panningadj.

panningn.¹

panningn.²