pacificationn.

Brit.

/ˌpasᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˈˌpæsəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English pacifycacion, late Middle English–1600s pacificacion, 1500s– pacification; also Scottish pre-1700 pacificatione, pre-1700 pacificatioun, pre-1700 pacificatioune.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pacification.

Etymology: < Middle French, French pacification (early 14th cent.) < classical Latin pācificātiōn- , pācificātiō making of peace, settlement < pācificāt- , past participial stem of pācificāre pacify v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare later pacificate v.

1. The action or process of pacifying a person, country, etc.In later use sometimes euphemistic: the action or process of securing the cooperation or surrender of a population through military force or other forms of coercion.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > [noun]

peasingc1300

appeasement1430

pacification1437

peacemakinga1450

pacifying1474

appeasingc1522

composing1574

pacation1658

peacemongering1853

society > society and the community > dissent > absence of dissension or peace > bringing about concord or peace > [noun] > appeasing, pacifying, or propitiating

likingeOE

queemingeOE

mitigationa1382

pleasinga1382

propitiationa1425

appeasement1430

pacification1437

appeasingc1522

reconcilement1581

placation1589

reflection1607

modificationa1641

commodation1643

pacation1658

conciliation1775

making-up1816

mollification1886

society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > [noun] > process or operation

peace offensive1917

pacification1946

peace process1965

1437 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 64 (MED) Þe general counceil..was gedered..for extirpacion of herresies, pacificacion of reaumes & princes, and reformacion of maneres exhorbitantz.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxi. 77 That the swete wyndes shalle putte hemselfe vp in pacifycacion of the see.

1615 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. III. O.T. ix. 119 His pacification of friends, [was] better then his execution of enemies.

1722 E. Ward Norwich Lady 7 The Knight, whose jealous Indignation Was now past all pacification, Enjoin'd his Wife to send the Frier An Answer to his Heart's desire.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iv. vii. 213 The late partition and consequential pacification of Poland..have this year added an extraordinary demand from thence to the increasing demand of the north.

1849 C. Brontë Shirley III. xii. 246 He had Mrs. Yorke to appease; not quite so easy a task as the pacification of her housemaids.

1881 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (new ed.) I. xiv. 204 [This] had much helped towards the pacification of his mind.

1904 J. Conrad Nostromo ii. i. 114 The Army of Pacification would move on over the savannas..leaving behind a united land wherein the evil taint of Federalism could no longer be detected in the smoke of burning houses and the smell of spilt blood.

1946 ‘G. Orwell’ in Horizon Apr. 261 Defenceless villages are bombarded from the air, the inhabitants driven out into the countryside, the cattle machine-gunned, the huts set on fire with incendiary bullets: this is called pacification.

1948 C. Nimuendajú in J. H. Steward Handbk. S. Amer. Indians III. 257 After their pacification, the Mura began to adopt the Lingua Geral.

1988 ‘E. Peters’ Confession Brother Haluin iv. 67 A rich little island in a shire otherwise somewhat derelict still after the harsh pacification of fifty years back.

2003 Belfast News Let. (Nexis) 3 Mar. 32 Later in the book..Churchill is credited with a major share in the pacification of Ireland.

2. An instance of achieving or restoring peace; a reconciliation, a truce; spec. (now historical) a peace treaty.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > peace treaty > [noun]

accordc1275

peacec1325

concordc1425

treaty1430

corda1500

composition1523

pacification1548

assurance1577

accommodation1624

convention1780

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clviij To begyn a shorte pacificacion in so long a broyle.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccclviij^v In the meane season the pacification of Passawe to remayne in full strength.

1655 G. Lane in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1897) III. 225 They haue made noe provision for their reception in the pacification.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) i. 218 He..was no Violento in the Troubles of Francford, but with all meekness to his might, endeavoured a pacification.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier i. 144 And so this War ended, a Pacification was made, and both Sides returned.

1741 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 138/1 How will they justify the Treaties of Hanover, Seville and Vienna, with all their..Preliminaries, Pacifications and Conventions?

1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose viii. 103 The breach of the pacification between the two kingdoms.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §5. 516 The pacification at Berwick was a mere suspension of arms.

1940 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 34 974 The Locarno Pact..could have served successfully as a foundation for a regional pacification on the basis of a good neighbor policy.

1991 E. Cameron European Reformation xx. 379 The catholic noble faction..forced through the ‘Pacification of Ghent’ of 8 November 1576, uniting to rid The Netherlands of foreign troops.

Phrases

act of pacification n. now historical (a) a declaration or decree to put an end to civil conflict; (b) an amnesty; a declaration of indemnity.

ΚΠ

1577 in G. Donaldson Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1966) VII. 175 Conforme to the act of pacificatioun.

c1600 in G. Stevenson Poems A. Montgomerie (1910) 320 Quhilk is allegit to be ane interpritatioun of the said act of pacificatioun.

1641 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1870) V. 342/1 That ane act of pacification and oblivion be made in the parliamentes of all the three kingdomes for burieing in forgetfullnes all actes of hostility.

1852 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 472 His officers, who unanimously approved of the surrender..consummated the act of pacification with a full conviction that their lives would be forfeited.

1909 J. W. Thompson Wars of Relig. in France ix. 225 The edict confirming the act of pacification (March 19, 1563) in its sixth article forbade the formation of any leagues in the future.

1995 L. Frey Treaties of War of Spanish Succession 463 Victor Amadeus enlisted Vaudois soldiers in his army; by the Act of Pacification in 1694, he allowed them to return to their valleys and worship peacefully.

Edict of Pacification n. [after Middle French, French édit de pacification (1578 or earlier), post-classical Latin pacificatorium edictum (1573 in the passage translated in quot. 1577 for act of pacification n.)] an ordinance or decree enacted by a monarch or state to put an end to strife or discontent; esp. (French History) any of a series of royal edicts in the 16th cent. which granted concessions to Protestants.

ΚΠ

1573 tr. F. Hotman True Rep. Outrages Fraunce p. xviii The king..gaue his faith, that he would for euer most sacredly and faithfully obserue his Edict of pacification [L. pacificatorium edictum].

1873 G. P. Fisher Reformation viii. 272 The court, in 1570, agreed to the treaty of St. Germain, by which the provisions of the Edict of Pacification were revived.

1999 M. Greengrass in M. Leven & P. Roberts Massacre in Hist. iii. 82 Sovereign court judges willingly collaborated with the clauses of royal edicts of pacification to erase all mention of sectarian troubles from their registers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pacification
释义	pacificationn. Brit. /ˌpasᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˈˌpæsəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English pacifycacion, late Middle English–1600s pacificacion, 1500s– pacification; also Scottish pre-1700 pacificatione, pre-1700 pacificatioun, pre-1700 pacificatioune. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pacification. Etymology: < Middle French, French pacification (early 14th cent.) < classical Latin pācificātiōn- , pācificātiō making of peace, settlement < pācificāt- , past participial stem of pācificāre pacify v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare later pacificate v. 1. The action or process of pacifying a person, country, etc.In later use sometimes euphemistic: the action or process of securing the cooperation or surrender of a population through military force or other forms of coercion. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > [noun] peasingc1300 appeasement1430 pacification1437 peacemakinga1450 pacifying1474 appeasingc1522 composing1574 pacation1658 peacemongering1853 society > society and the community > dissent > absence of dissension or peace > bringing about concord or peace > [noun] > appeasing, pacifying, or propitiating likingeOE queemingeOE mitigationa1382 pleasinga1382 propitiationa1425 appeasement1430 pacification1437 appeasingc1522 reconcilement1581 placation1589 reflection1607 modificationa1641 commodation1643 pacation1658 conciliation1775 making-up1816 mollification1886 society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > [noun] > process or operation peace offensive1917 pacification1946 peace process1965 1437 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 64 (MED) Þe general counceil..was gedered..for extirpacion of herresies, pacificacion of reaumes & princes, and reformacion of maneres exhorbitantz. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxi. 77 That the swete wyndes shalle putte hemselfe vp in pacifycacion of the see. 1615 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. III. O.T. ix. 119 His pacification of friends, [was] better then his execution of enemies. 1722 E. Ward Norwich Lady 7 The Knight, whose jealous Indignation Was now past all pacification, Enjoin'd his Wife to send the Frier An Answer to his Heart's desire. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iv. vii. 213 The late partition and consequential pacification of Poland..have this year added an extraordinary demand from thence to the increasing demand of the north. View more context for this quotation 1849 C. Brontë Shirley III. xii. 246 He had Mrs. Yorke to appease; not quite so easy a task as the pacification of her housemaids. 1881 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (new ed.) I. xiv. 204 [This] had much helped towards the pacification of his mind. 1904 J. Conrad Nostromo ii. i. 114 The Army of Pacification would move on over the savannas..leaving behind a united land wherein the evil taint of Federalism could no longer be detected in the smoke of burning houses and the smell of spilt blood. 1946 ‘G. Orwell’ in Horizon Apr. 261 Defenceless villages are bombarded from the air, the inhabitants driven out into the countryside, the cattle machine-gunned, the huts set on fire with incendiary bullets: this is called pacification. 1948 C. Nimuendajú in J. H. Steward Handbk. S. Amer. Indians III. 257 After their pacification, the Mura began to adopt the Lingua Geral. 1988 ‘E. Peters’ Confession Brother Haluin iv. 67 A rich little island in a shire otherwise somewhat derelict still after the harsh pacification of fifty years back. 2003 Belfast News Let. (Nexis) 3 Mar. 32 Later in the book..Churchill is credited with a major share in the pacification of Ireland. 2. An instance of achieving or restoring peace; a reconciliation, a truce; spec. (now historical) a peace treaty. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > peace treaty > [noun] accordc1275 peacec1325 concordc1425 treaty1430 corda1500 composition1523 pacification1548 assurance1577 accommodation1624 convention1780 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clviij To begyn a shorte pacificacion in so long a broyle. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccclviij^v In the meane season the pacification of Passawe to remayne in full strength. 1655 G. Lane in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1897) III. 225 They haue made noe provision for their reception in the pacification. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) i. 218 He..was no Violento in the Troubles of Francford, but with all meekness to his might, endeavoured a pacification. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier i. 144 And so this War ended, a Pacification was made, and both Sides returned. 1741 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 138/1 How will they justify the Treaties of Hanover, Seville and Vienna, with all their..Preliminaries, Pacifications and Conventions? 1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose viii. 103 The breach of the pacification between the two kingdoms. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §5. 516 The pacification at Berwick was a mere suspension of arms. 1940 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 34 974 The Locarno Pact..could have served successfully as a foundation for a regional pacification on the basis of a good neighbor policy. 1991 E. Cameron European Reformation xx. 379 The catholic noble faction..forced through the ‘Pacification of Ghent’ of 8 November 1576, uniting to rid The Netherlands of foreign troops. Phrases act of pacification n. now historical (a) a declaration or decree to put an end to civil conflict; (b) an amnesty; a declaration of indemnity. ΚΠ 1577 in G. Donaldson Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1966) VII. 175 Conforme to the act of pacificatioun. c1600 in G. Stevenson Poems A. Montgomerie (1910) 320 Quhilk is allegit to be ane interpritatioun of the said act of pacificatioun. 1641 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1870) V. 342/1 That ane act of pacification and oblivion be made in the parliamentes of all the three kingdomes for burieing in forgetfullnes all actes of hostility. 1852 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 472 His officers, who unanimously approved of the surrender..consummated the act of pacification with a full conviction that their lives would be forfeited. 1909 J. W. Thompson Wars of Relig. in France ix. 225 The edict confirming the act of pacification (March 19, 1563) in its sixth article forbade the formation of any leagues in the future. 1995 L. Frey Treaties of War of Spanish Succession 463 Victor Amadeus enlisted Vaudois soldiers in his army; by the Act of Pacification in 1694, he allowed them to return to their valleys and worship peacefully. Edict of Pacification n. [after Middle French, French édit de pacification (1578 or earlier), post-classical Latin pacificatorium edictum (1573 in the passage translated in quot. 1577 for act of pacification n.)] an ordinance or decree enacted by a monarch or state to put an end to strife or discontent; esp. (French History) any of a series of royal edicts in the 16th cent. which granted concessions to Protestants. ΚΠ 1573 tr. F. Hotman True Rep. Outrages Fraunce p. xviii The king..gaue his faith, that he would for euer most sacredly and faithfully obserue his Edict of pacification [L. pacificatorium edictum]. 1873 G. P. Fisher Reformation viii. 272 The court, in 1570, agreed to the treaty of St. Germain, by which the provisions of the Edict of Pacification were revived. 1999 M. Greengrass in M. Leven & P. Roberts Massacre in Hist. iii. 82 Sovereign court judges willingly collaborated with the clauses of royal edicts of pacification to erase all mention of sectarian troubles from their registers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1437
随便看	tacklebox tacklechain tackled tackledealer tacklefall tacklehook tacklehouse tacklehouse porter tacklemaker tackleman tackleporter swoony swoop swooped swooper swoopers swooping swoops swoopstake swoose swoosh swooshed swooshes swooshing swooshy