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单词 overshoot
释义

overshootn.

Brit. /ˈəʊvəʃuːt/, U.S. /ˈoʊvərˌʃut/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: overshoot v.
Etymology: < overshoot v.
1. In an electrical or other system: the production of a response to change of input which briefly exceeds or goes beyond the eventual steady-state value; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [noun] > pulse > over or under-short
overshoot1926
undershoot1956
1926 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 100 449 The [myographic] records consistently showed no trace of overshoot of the plateau.
1941 Science 26 Sept. 309/1 The square wave..is an easily applied severe test for an amplifier. It shows at a glance the high and low frequency cut-offs, other frequency and phase discrimination, resonance, overshoot, etc.
1977 Gramophone Oct. 744/3 The square wave showed one sharp overshoot and was then well damped.
2. The action or result of travelling or extending further than is normal or advisable, esp. of inadvertently going past an intended stopping or turning point.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > sudden rapid descent > descent prior to landing > landing approach > overshoot
overshoot1934
1934 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 233 239 As the piston mass is increased the compression becomes greater as the rate of application is increased. (The phenomenon of dynamic overshoot).
1944 Flight 1 June 584/1 Uncorrected over-shoot generally means a write-off.
1963 R. P. Dales Annelids viii. 156 They have found that with posterior pieces there is often an ‘overshoot’, the new thoracic region having more segments than it should.
1991 Times 9 May 2/3 Captain Stewart had made only two overshoots or ‘go-arounds’ in his flying career.
3. Esp. in economic and ecological contexts: the action or result of exceeding a limit or target.
ΚΠ
1970 New Scientist 17 Dec. 515/2 He sees the market economy as a system with high gain and strong feedback, possessing self-regulation, but troubled by overshoots.
2009 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 3 Dec. 47/2 Overshoot occurs when demand for renewable resources exceeds supply and resource capital is being depleted to make up the difference.
2019 Investigación Económica 78 105 For the limited overshoot of 1.5°C increase, CO2 emissions must decline by about 45% by 2030.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

overshootv.

Brit. /ˌəʊvəˈʃuːt/, U.S. /ˌoʊvərˈʃut/, /ˈoʊvərˌʃut/
Inflections: Past tense and past participle overshot;
Forms: see over- prefix and shoot v.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, shoot v.
Etymology: < over- prefix + shoot v. Compare Middle Dutch overscieten (Dutch overschieten), Middle Low German ȫverschēten, Middle High German überschiezen (German überschießen).With sense 4a compare to shoot over at shoot v. 23e. With sense 10 compare earlier overshooting n. 2.
I. To shoot beyond.
1.
a. intransitive. To travel beyond, past, or further than an intended destination, point, etc., esp. through travelling too fast or being unable to stop; to go too far. Also figurative.In quot. 1599 used transitively in passive in same sense.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > sail past
overshootc1425
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (transitive)] > approach > undershoot or overshoot
undershoot1918
overshoot1920
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > descend > descend prior to landing > fly beyond (designated landing point)
overshoot1920
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 66 (MED) Houndes for þe hauke..leden þe houndes about and makyn hem ouersheet and faile.
1589 J. Sparke in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 534 A Spaniard, who told him how farre off he was from Rio de la Hacha which because he would not ouershoote, ankered that night againe.
1599 J. Lok in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 106 Wee were short 80 miles of the place, whereas we thought wee had beene ouershot by east fiftie miles.
1795 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 85 392 This method will even throw back the figure upon the dial, if it should have been overshot a little.
a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) i. 49 The pole is set close to the boat, and the prow is made to overshoot, and just turn the corners of the rocks.
1920 Flight 12 368 (caption) Pilot heads..for aerodrome, knowing for certain he will overshoot.
1974 P. Erdman Silver Bears iii. 54 The MG suddenly swung off the road... Doc was caught by surprise and overshot. Slowly he backed up.
1995 Independent 21 Feb. 1/2 Four trains..missed stopping at stations altogether, three..overshot by half a mile or more.
b. transitive. With the destination, point, etc., as object.In quot. 1594 in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > move beyond
passc1300
exceedc1374
passc1400
overshootc1450
outpassa1513
surpass1588
outstart1593
outrepass1645
overrun1703
ungang1768
outrange1871
c1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess 383 The houndes had overshote [v.rr. ouershette, ouershet, ouyrshotte] hym alle And were on a defaute y-falle.
1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. Eiij The purblind hare,..to ouer-shut his troubles, How he outruns the wind, and with what care, He crankes and crosses with a thousand doubles.
1610 N. Downton Jrnl. Nov. in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) I. iii. xii. 281 A short saile all night, to the end not to ouer-shoote Aden.
1711 London Gaz. No. 4912/2 This Vessel..hath over-shot her Port.
1751 R. Morris Life John Daniel in Lib. Impostors (1926) I. xiv. 159 We rose, and away we went to the mountain's edge; but..he being obliged to keep the handle moving till I came round, we had now over-shot the mountain.
1803 Naval Chron. 9 160 She overshot her port in the night.
1885 Law Times 80 135/2 In consequence of the train overshooting the platform.
1942 T. Kitching Diary 23 May in Life & Death in Changi (1998) vi. 98 In the blackout, I overshot the right turn and walked into someone's camp bed in the passage.
1987 Canad. Geographic Dec. 35/1 [He] proved that the outrun was too short when he overshot the counterslope and flew completely out of the bowl.
2.
a. transitive. To miss (a target) by shooting a projectile with too much power or elevation; to shoot or propel beyond. Also figurative.In quot. a1500: to shoot (an arrow) beyond a target.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > assail with missiles [verb (transitive)] > fail to hit > overshoot mark
overshoota1500
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > competitive shooting > archery > practise archery [verb (transitive)] > shoot arrow in specific way
overshoota1500
drib1545
dribble1567
rove1581
a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 1767* (MED) Yf þou shote ouer sheet, þou shendes þi flayne.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xviijv Their enemyes discharged their ordinaunce..and ouershot them.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. iv. f. 108 So to ouershute them, that none myght be hurt therby.
1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. i. 12 In this Diana overshot her Oracle.
1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. ix. 507 [They] discharged their Cannon at them, but over-shot them.
1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 244 That fire..which impells rash youth, Proud of his speed to overshoot the truth.
1835 R. Browning Paracelsus v. 163 Your cunning has o'ershot its aim.
1862 R. F. Burton City of Saints (ed. 2) i. 89 The whites imprudently discharged both their cannon, overshooting the tents of the enemy.
1946 Sun (Baltimore) 2 July 17/6 Lawson Little overshot the greens and three-putted frequently.
1990 Australian 27 Feb. (Brisbane ed.) 20/4 If you overshot the target (line 210), you'll be told how many metres beyond it your cannon ball landed.
b. intransitive. To miss a target by shooting too far or too high. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge missile [verb (intransitive)] > fail to hit > pass beyond or fail to reach mark
overshoot1625
to fall short1793
1625 G. Markham Souldiers Accidence 9 The hindmost must..shoot their fellowes before through the heads, or els will overshoot.
1743 A. Pope Ess. Man (new ed.) iii. 89 But honest Instinct comes a volunteer; Sure never to o'er-shoot, but just to hit.
1864 Official Rep. Battles (Confederate States Amer. War Dept.) 121 Brisk fires were opened and kept up by the enemy.., his men generally overshooting, while ours were constantly warned to aim low.
1897 Outing 30 329/1 If I happened to overshoot I was bound to bag a heifer.
1950 Reader's Digest Nov. 57 If they aim at me they will overshoot or undershoot and scrag some scared civilian.
3.
a. transitive (reflexive). To go further than one intends or than is wise (in an action or in speech), esp. so as to fall into error; to exceed one's ability; to exaggerate. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > an error, mistake > err, blunder [verb (reflexive)]
overseec1400
overshoot1514
misreckon1530
blundera1652
1514 T. Darcy Let. 18 May in Lett. Richard Fox (1929) 77 I hav ouershott my selff, with paymentis to be mayd in ouershortt tym.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 649/2 I never wyste wyseman overshote hymselfe thus sore.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 11 He was the first in a maner, that put his hand to write Commentaries..and therefore no marueile, if he ouershot himselfe many times.
1678 J. Norris Coll. Misc. (1699) 84 So th' eager Hawk makes sure of's prize, Strikes with full might, but over-shoots himself and dyes.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. xxvii. 160 And there she stopt; having almost overshot herself; as I designed she should.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. x. 103/2 His irony has overshot itself; we see through it, and perhaps through him.
1904 N.E.D. (at cited word) To be overshot: to have overshot oneself, to be wide of the mark.
1996 Bangor (Maine) Daily News (Nexis) 23 May Gormley overshoots himself vocally on this one, and his booming voice takes more space than music director Robert Bahr should have allowed.
b. transitive. In passive. To be mistaken, to be deceived; (sometimes) spec. to be in error owing to drink, to be befuddled. Cf. overshot adj.2 3. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > be mistaken, err [verb (intransitive)] > be mistaken
misbethinka1300
deceivec1315
misreckon1530
overshoot1535
mistake1596
1535 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 44 Ye ar farre ouershotte.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 4v I aunswere, and sweare to that you were not therein a lyttle ouershot, eyther you gaue too muche credite to the report of others, or to much lybertie to your owne iudgement.
1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hercules Oetæus ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 197 Whyle Hercules at randon roues, and ouershot with wyne Doth rudely dandle on his lap the Lidiane Lady fyne.
1605 G. Chapman et al. Eastward Hoe iv. sig. F4 Sea. Death, Collonell, I knew you were ouer shot. Pet. Sure I thinke now indeede, Captaine Seagull, we were something ouershot.
1656 H. Jeanes Treat. Fulnesse of Christ 20 in Mixture Scholasticall Divinity Then are they much overshot and deeply to be blamed, who..harden their hearts against Gods..calling.
c. transitive. figurative. To utter (a word) too violently; to let (a word) escape unguardedly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > without restraint, openly, or recklessly
clatterc1325
to say outc1384
parbreak1402
blunder1483
blab1535
overshoot1549
spita1616
spawn1631
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. 1 John v. f. liiiv As whan by occasion we ouershote a worde agaynste oure frende, whiche we are sory for by and by that it ouer shot us.
1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) ii. iii. iii. 268 A word ouershot, a blowe in choler, a game at tables..may make vs equall in an instant.
4.
a. transitive. to overshoot the mark and variants: to go too far; to go further than is prudent or proper, to exceed one's ability or authority, to exaggerate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (intransitive)] > go beyond bounds > go too far
overdoa1325
outreacha1400
overreacha1568
to overshoot the mark1583
to shoot over1605
overact1611
to outrun the constable1631
to overstep the mark (also line)1827
1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Liiij, 139 Wherin, as I do acknowledge they are but too scrupelous, and ouershoot the marke, so we are therin plaine contempteous and negligent, shooting short of the marke altogether.
1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike Ded. sig. ¶¶3v See how farre I haue ouershot my marke.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Lincs. 151 I believe they overshoot the Mark, who make it a Miracle, they undershoot it who make it Magick.
1702 Eng. Theophrastus 303 The greatest fault of a penetrating wit is not coming short of the mark but overshooting it.
1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. I. ix. 237 Senseless fury..always over-shoots the mark it aims at.
1848 A. Brontë Tenant of Wildfell Hall II. iii. 49 If he overshot the mark one night, the effects of it rendered him so miserable the next day that he must repeat the offence to mend it.
1874 Internat. Rev. Mar. 171 Confirming the suspicion that the value deduced from the former transit of Venus had overshot the mark.
1933 S. W. Cole Pract. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 9) xiv. 339 It is advisable to add this during the course of the titration; otherwise there is a risk of overshooting the mark.
1992 Chicago Tribune 28 Aug. i. 7/1 The dollar may have overshot its mark and could be as much as 17 percent undervalued.
b. transitive. More generally: to exceed, go further than (a limit or target). Also intransitive.
ΚΠ
1697 J. Collier Ess. Moral Subj. (ed. 2) i. vi. 216 How often it Drops, or overshoots by the Disproportions of Distance, or Application.
1785 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 75 460 The measurement was gradually found..to over-shoot the pickets, and at last over-reached the south-east pipe by 17.875 inches.
1912 Proc. Royal Soc. 1911–12 B. 84 318 There is following upon the inhibitory depression an exaltation of its activity—‘rebound’. The balance is therefore not only regained but overshot.
1932 Amer. Naturalist 66 264 The heating system usually has a lag great enough to make the temperature overshoot in both directions.
1991 Banker Sept. 32/3 Inflation is creeping up, targets for credit expansion and the budget deficit have been overshot.
2020 M. Blondeel COVID-19 & Climate (report) (Egmont Institute) 4/1 If low carbon development strategies and policies are not rolled out in the economic stimulus packages responding to the COVID-19 pandemic recovery, emissions will recover and even overshoot previously projected levels by 2030.
5. transitive. To allow (a period of time) to pass by; to waste (a period of time). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]
overdoOE
adreeOE
wreaka1300
to draw forthc1300
dispend1340
pass1340
drivea1375
wastec1381
occupyc1384
overpassa1387
to pass over ——a1393
usec1400
spend1423
contrive?a1475
overdrive1487
consumea1500
to pass forth1509
to drive off1517
lead1523
to ride out1529
to wear out, forth1530
to pass away?1550
to put offc1550
shiftc1562
to tire out1563
wear1567
to drive out1570
entertainc1570
expire1589
tire1589
outwear1590
to see out1590
outrun1592
outgo1595
overshoot1597
to pass out1603
fleeta1616
elapse1654
term1654
trickle1657
to put over1679
absorb1686
spin1696
exercise1711
kill1728
to get through ——1748
to get over ——1751
tickc1870
fill1875
1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 542 Persauis thou not quhat pretius tyme, thy slewthing dois oreshute.
1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 312 The first beginning right, ouershoote the 70 weeks.
a1617 P. Baynes Lectures 206 in Comm. First & Second Chapters Colossians (1634) If wee have overshot time wherein wee might have saved some twenty pound matter, what a griefe is it to be so overshot?
6. transitive. To force beyond the proper limit; to strain. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > beyond proper limit
overshoot1668
1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) ii. vii. 109 Least in the Contractions of the Heart, the Valves being forced beyond their pitch and overshot, should be unable to retain the Blood.
II. To pass over or from above.
7.
a. intransitive. To pour down from above. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > rapidly
overshootc1540
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 7620 A thicke Rayn..Ouershotyng with shoures thurgh þere shene tenttes.
b. transitive. To shoot or pass over or above. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > motion in the air > move through the air [verb (transitive)] > pass swiftly over or above
overshoot1642
1642 T. Fuller Holy State i. iii. 8 He overshoots such low matter as lie levell to a womans eye.
1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2100 Sometimes it falls out [when digging in search of mineral ore], that we may over-shoot a Load, that is, get the upper side of it.
1767 W. Harte Amaranth 182 High-rais'd on fortune's hill, new Alps he spies, O'ershoots the valley which beneath him lies.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 496 While yet the beams Of day-spring overshoot his humble nest.
1887 G. Meredith Ballads & Poems 114 She, with the plunging lightnings overshot.
8. transitive. To weave different colours into (a piece of cloth) by weaving a coloured weft thread over two or more warp threads. Usually in passive. Also figurative and in extended use. Cf. overshot adj.2 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > weave > weave in
pirn1494
inweave1596
intex1599
overshoot1842
1842 R. W. Emerson in Wks. (1906) II. 290 This pretty web..will at last be overshot and reticulated with veins of the blue.
1859 H. B. Stowe Minister's Wooing xli. 350 It was a white silk..overshot with litle fine dots of silver, so that it shone when you moved it just like frost-work.
1907 R. H. Benson Papers of Pariah 78 It has been nothing else than the tragedy of the murder of God; and that interwrought with the most bewildering pangs and motives, and overshot with gleams of love and pity.
2002 www.seafriends.org.nz 9 Dec. (O.E.D. Archive) The head is olive green... The back and upper body brilliant green-blue merging to yellower silver on the belly... The whole is overshot with varying tones of gold and purple.
III. To shoot better than or beyond the capacity of.
9.
a. transitive. To surpass in shooting. Now rare (archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > competitive shooting > archery > practise archery [verb (transitive)] > surpass in shooting
outshoot1530
overshoota1586
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Def. of Poetrie (1595) sig. F4v And lastly and chiefly, they cry out with open mouth as if they had ouershot Robinhood, that Plato banished them [sc. poets] out of his Commonwealth.
a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1651) vii. 85 [Sir Philip] over-shoots his father in-law..in his own bow.
1673 O. Heywood Autobiogr., Diaries, Anecd. & Event Bks. (1882) I. 357 Who knows but god may overshoot the devil in his oun bow.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. xiii. 269 This is no fair chance..to compel me to peril myself against the best archers of Leicester and Staffordshire, under the peril of infamy if they should overshoot me.
1890 A. Conan Doyle White Company xxxiv I have little doubt that you can overshoot me, and yet I have seen bowmen who could send a cloth-yard arrow further than you could speed a quarrel.
b. transitive (reflexive). To exhaust oneself with too much shooting. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (reflexive)] > in specific ways
overrun1533
overthink1628
overmusea1652
over-dance1653
overtravel1654
forfight1661
overwalk1662
over-read1668
overwrite1752
overpreach1865
outwrite1883
overshoot1883
to run out1892
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > discharge firearms [verb (reflexive)] > exhaust with shooting
overshoot1883
1883 Col. Howard in Times 26 July 7/6 I think, perhaps, there was a little conspiracy..to offer us so much practice that we should overshoot ourselves.
10. transitive. Shooting. To deplete (an area) of game by shooting too much; to shoot too many of (an animal).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting area > [verb (transitive)] > exhaust supply of game
overtrap1855
overshoot1987
1987 Daily Tel. 24 Jan. 9/5 If you overshoot a marsh..it's no use to anyone.
1998 Denver Post (Nexis) 24 Nov. d2 It is not to the rancher's advantage to overshoot the population of desirable bucks and bulls.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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