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单词 pagoda
释义

pagodan.

Brit. /pəˈɡəʊdə/, U.S. /pəˈɡoʊdə/
Forms:

α. 1500s–1800s pagode, 1600s pagothe, 1600s– pagod Brit. /ˈpaɡəd/, /pəˈɡɒd/, U.S. /ˈpæɡəd/, /pəˈɡɑd/ (now rare).

β. 1600s pagotha, 1600s pogodo, 1600s– pagoda, 1700s pagodoe, 1700s– pagodo, 1700s– pogoda, 1900s– bagoda.

Origin: A borrowing from Portuguese. Etymon: Portuguese pagode.
Etymology: < Portuguese pagode (1516 in sense 2a, 1525 in sense 1a, 1697 in sense 3), of uncertain and disputed origin (see note below). Compare French pagode (1553 in Middle French in senses 1a and 2a; 1545 as paxode in sense 1a), Italian †pagode (1554 in sense 1a, 1587 as pagodo in senses 2a and 3; also †pagod (a1652 in sense 3), pagoda (18th cent.)), Spanish pagoda (1585 in sense 1a in the source translated in quot. 1588 at sense 1aα. ; 1563 as pagode ), Dutch pagode (1596 in sense 3 in the source translated in quot. 1598 at sense 3α. , early 18th cent. or earlier in senses 1a and 2a; also as †pagood (1726 or earlier)), all apparently < Portuguese.The ultimate origin of the Portuguese pagode is uncertain and disputed. It was once thought to be < Persian but-kada idol temple < but idol + kada habitation, but now seems more likely to be either < Tamil pākavata devotee of Vishnu ( < Sanskrit bhāgavata pertaining to the Lord (Vishnu), worshipper of Vishnu or the goddess Bhagavati: see below), or < Tamil pakavati (name of a) goddess ( < Sanskrit bhagavatī goddess, alternative name of the goddess Kali). Sense 3 arose from the fact that the image of the goddess was stamped on the coin (compare quot. 1598 at sense 3α. ). The stressing of the α. forms has varied: ˈpagod occurs in Butler's Hudibras (compare quot. 1664 at sense 2aα. ); Pope has paˈgod as well as ˈpagod . In sense 2 in α forms associated with god n. and int.
1.
a. In South and South-East Asia: a Hindu or (in later use esp.) Buddhist temple or sacred building, typically having the form of a many-tiered tower with storeys of diminishing size, each with an ornamented projecting roof. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > temple > [noun] > Buddhist
pagoda1582
varella1588
kiack1599
varelle1599
vihara1681
wat1844
chaitya1875
society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > temple > [noun] > heathen (general)
idol-temple1577
pagoda1582
pagody1588
swamy-house1778
adoratory1800
α.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. xiv. 34 All the Kings doe dye in one Pagode [Port. pagode], which is the house of praiers to their Idolls.
1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Comm. Notable Thinges in tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 402 Like a monasterie, the which the naturall people doo call Pagode [Sp. pagoda].
1589 R. Fitch in R. Hakluyt Voy. (ed. 2) II. 261 About two dayes iourney from Pegu there is a Varelle or Pagode, which is the pilgrimage of the Pegues; it is called Dagonne, and is of a woonderful bignesse, and all gilded from the foot to the toppe.
1630 H. Lord Disc. Sect Banians 28 That he should erect Pagods for Gods worshippe, and adore Images vnder greene trees.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures 114 A number of Temples, which they call Pagods.
1719 J. T. Philipps tr. B. Ziegenbalg Thirty-four Confer. 89 All your Religious Women who assist at the Performances of Pagod Ceremonies, are unexceptionably great Whores.
1769 T. Smollett Adventures of Atom II. 170 He declared he would ascend the highest pinnacle of the highest pagod in Japan.
1829 Ld. Tennyson Timbuctoo 12 Her Pagods hung with music of sweet bells.
a1844 P. Nicholson Encycl. Archit. (1850–9) II. 250/1 These pagods, or pagodas, are mostly square; they are stone buildings, which are not very lofty, and are crowned with a cupola. Within they are very dark; for they have no windows.
1917 Jrnl. Hyderabad Archaeological Soc. in Man (1918) 18 64 They were also to roll it [sc. the enormous stone] along upon an engine with wheels, upon which they brought it to the Pagod.
1996 Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 24 Nov. 1 k The 18th-century Jade Mountain Pagod..is reached by a red arched bridge.
β. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 190 The place where the great Pagotha stands.1638 W. Bruton Newes from West-Indies 7 At a great Pogodo or Pagod, which is a famous and sumptuous Temple.1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon 72 The Pagoda's or Temples of their Gods are so many that I cannot number them.1763 C. Churchill Prophecy of Famine 4 In Love's Pagoda, shall they ever doze.1779 E. Burke Corr. (1844) II. 270 I could not justify to myself to give to the synagogue, the mosque, or the pagoda, the language which your pulpits so liberally bestow upon a great part of the Christian world.1803 Duke of Wellington in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 369 Harcourt dispatched a letter to the principal Bramins of the pagoda of Juggernaut.1899 F. T. Bullen Log of Sea-waif 289 The lofty shining summit of the great pagoda dominated everything else.1944 A. Jacob Traveller's War xxii. 325 Chindits are the fabulous lions which guard the Burmese pagodas.1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 July 59/1 Along the way girls and boys with tin bowls collecting money for the decoration of pagodas halted every passing car.
b. An ornamental building or structure in imitation of or resembling such a temple.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > types of building generally > [noun] > ornamental building
pavilion1616
terminary1759
pagoda1789
grottoa1845
jewel box1846
ting1853
1789 E. Butler Jrnl. 4 Feb. in E. M. Bell Hamwood Papers (1930) vii. 180 He wanted to ascend the Pagoda at Kew which being too publick they would not permit him.
1816 T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall iv. 35 Pagodas and Chinese bridges..shall rise upon its ruins.
1860 All Year Round 21 Apr. 34 Purchased..at one of the little glass advertising pagodas..on the Boulevards.
1918 Blackwood's Mag. Dec. 765/1 He has probably got wind in the head through living in that gorgeous Gothic pagoda.
1966 L. J. Braun Cat who could read Backwards ii. 20 Halapay probably knocked around his million-dollar pagoda in a silk kimono.
1991 J. Garreau Edge City i. 26 AT&T's world headquarters..is universally referred to as the Pagoda because it is vaguely Oriental in a Frank Lloyd Wright kind of way.
2. Usually in form pagod.
a. In South and South-East Asia: an image or carving of a god; an idol. Also: a decorative figure carved in the style of such an image. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > idol
godeOE
anlikenessOE
stockc1000
mammetc1225
Mahometc1275
Mahoundc1275
idola1325
simulacre1382
marmoseta1398
mammetrya1400
puppet1534
poppet?1548
block1570
Dagona1572
pagoda1582
pagody1588
Mokisso1634
poppet deitya1641
pageant idol1696
pageant thing1696
afgod1769
cult figure1895
α.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias lxviii. f. 140 And it is possible that..the Pagodes will not aide nor helpe me as they haue done before time.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 38 I haue seene some of their Pagothes or Idols, in wood, resembling a man.
1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 99 Their Classique-model prov'd a Maggot Their Directory an Indian Pagod.
1705 N. Rowe Biter ii. i. 18 It was the Pagode, or Representation of the great Callasusu, who was Nephew to the Great Fillimaso, who was descended from the Illustrious Fokiensi, who was the first Inventer of eating Rice upon Platters.
1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia II. xlii. 115 His Lordship admired the Lyons and Pagods, and all the Chimney Ornaments.
1809 J. Barlow Columbiad 340 Each envoy here unloads his wearied hand Of some old idol from his native land; One flings a pagod on the mingled heap, One lays a crescent, one a cross to sleep.
1892 J. Payn Mod. Dick Whittington I. 33 He looked more like some pagod than a man at all.
1992 Christie's Internat. Mag. June 7/1 A Drawing Room mantelpiece of the 1740s..was decorated with a classical bust enveloped by a motley assemblage of ‘pagods’ and whimsical Oriental figures.
β. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile Alphabet. Table sig. Hh2/1 Pagothaes, Idols or vgly representations of the Deuill, adored by the Indians.1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 375 Many deformed Pagothas are here worshipped.
b. figurative. A person treated with excessive reverence or devotion; a despot.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > quality of inspiring reverence > [noun] > one who > irrationally
pagoda1674
1674 J. Ayloffe Britannia & Raleigh in Poems on Affairs of State (1963) 233 Mac James the Irish Pagod does adore: His French and Teagues command on sea and shore.
1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 315 Like the mad Pagod of the North, the Swede.
1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight 10 See thronging Millions to the Pagod run, And offer Country, Parent, Wife, or Son!
1814 Ld. Byron Diary 8 Apr. [I] find my poor little pagod, Napoleon, pushed off his pedestal.
1861 Temple Bar 1 254 The most hideous pagod of cruelty, vice, and depravity, that ever lived.
1950 O. Sitwell Noble Essences 11 I beheld opposite..the lean, elongated form of Lytton Strachey, hieratic, a pagod as plainly belonging as did the effigies to a creation of its own.
3. A gold or silver coin of higher denomination than the rupee, formerly current in southern India. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > coins of Indian subcontinent
fanam1555
St. Thomas' coin1559
pardao1582
seraphin1582
chequina1587
pagody1588
pagoda1598
tanga1598
mahmudi1612
rupee1612
mohur1614
tola1614
lakh1615
picec1617
sicca rupee1619
rupee1678
anna1680
cash1711
R1711
star pagoda1741
pie1756
sicca1757
dam1781
dub1781
hun1807
swamy-pagoda1813
chick1842
re1856
paisa1884
naya paisa1956
poisha1974
α.
1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. xxxv. 69/1 They are Indian and Heathenish money, with the picture of a Diuell vpon them, and therefore are called Pagodes [Du. pagodes].
1619 W. Methwold Let. 7 Dec. in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 152 Goats and sheep (‘commonly ten per pagode, now at last but eight or nine’)..were supplied.
1667 H. Oldenburg in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 430 Esteemed at 20 old Pagodes in India, each Pagode being about 10 shillings English.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 34 The Coin current here [i.e. at Gulconda] is a Pagod, 8s.
1704 tr. P. Baldæus Descr. Ceylon in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. III. 822/2 A Pagode was formerly no more than 84 Stivers but is since raised to 120.
1830 T. Hood in Comic Ann. 80 Go to the land of pagod and rupee.
β. 1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon iv. ii. 126 A Gold Ring, a Pagoda, and some two or three Dollars and a few old Cloths.1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xxix. 365 They also coin Gold into Pagodoes of several Denominations and Value.1775 Ann. Reg. 1774 115 Each pagoda being worth about eight shillings on the par, with a rupee valued at two shillings and three pence.1831 E. J. Trelawny Adventures Younger Son I. xxi. 170 He shook my hand, threw a bag of pagodas on the table.1862 H. Beveridge Comprehensive Hist. India I. ii. vii. 344 Held of the King of Golconda at a quit-rent of 1200 pagodas, or about £430.1962 R. A. G. Carson Coins 508 Gold was struck in two denominations, the heavier hun or pagoda and the smaller fanam.1993 B. Mukherjee Holder of World (1994) 137 Martha Ruxton reached into a small purse and extracted five heavy pagodas, as much money as Hannah had seen at one time.
4. = pagoda sleeve n. at Compounds 2. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > arm > types of
poke1402
foresleeve1538
long sleeve1538
lumbard1542
puller out1543
maunch1550
hand sleeve1585
French sleeve1592
poke sleeve1592
puff1601
trunk sleeve1603
stock-sleeve1611
hoop-sleeve1614
puff sleevec1632
short sleeve1639
hanging sleeve1659
engageants1690
jockey-sleeve1692
pudding-sleeve1704
Amadis1814
gigot1824
leg of mutton1824
bishop sleeve1829
mutton-leg sleeve1830
balloon sleeve1837
gigot-sleeve1837
bag-sleeve1844
pagoda sleeve1850
mameluke sleeve1853
angel sleeve1859
elbow-sleeve1875
sling-sleeve1888
sleevelet1889
pagoda1890
bell-sleeve1892
kimono sleeve1919–20
dolman1934
α.
1890 Cent. Dict. 4231/3 Pagode, a part of a fashionable dress of the first half of the eighteenth century... It consisted of an outer sleeve funnel-shaped and turned back, exposing the lining and an inner sleeve of lawn or lace.
β. 1900 Daily Mail 21 Apr. 7/4 The freshest fancy in sleeves is called the pagoda.

Compounds

C1.
a.
pagoda structure n.
ΚΠ
1845 G. Murray Islaford 26 The light pagoda-structure of the larch.
1961 A. Kashtan in C. Roth Jewish Art ii. 300 The synagogue at Kai Feng Fu, in China, built by a Jewish mandarin in 1652.., was a characteristic pagoda structure, with a succession of courtyards surrounded by communal offices, with the synagogue proper at the end of the axial line.
1995 World Archeology 27 178 The traditional Indian stūpa was transformed in East Asia into a multi-storeyed wooded pagoda structure, which now only survives in modern Japan.
b.
pagoda-shaped adj.
ΚΠ
1851 Ladies' Repository Oct. 378/2 Lemonade merchants, male and female, are constantly passing, carrying on their back the curious, pagoda-shaped tin-fountains peculiar to their calling, elaborately fluted, adorned with what was once red velvet, and covered with jingling bells.
1897 Outing 29 586/2 Crowned with tall, pagoda-shaped spires.
1985 M. Raymond Divided House (BNC) 162 It was a reading lamp, a tranquil Chinese lady in blanc de Chine with a light above her head and a pink pagoda-shaped shade.
C2.
pagoda dogwood n. a small North American dogwood, Cornus alternifolia, with a tiered branch structure.
ΚΠ
1927 Amer. Midland Naturalist 10 281 Cornus alternifolia L. f., Pagoda Dogwood, subdunal woods, Keiser to Tremont, not common.
1938 Amer. Home Jan. 14/2 To the left of the flowering dogwood trees..we dug the hole for one of our favorites..—the pagoda dogwood (Cornus alternifolia). This charming small tree..deserves to be more widely planted. The limbs rise rank on rank in serried regularity [etc.].
1989 Encycl. Brit. LX. 60/2 The pagoda dogwood is Cornus alternifolia, a member of the family Cornaceae; it is used in landscaping for its horizontal branching habit.
pagoda flower n. (a) the flower of a pagoda tree ( Plumeria: see pagoda tree n. 1b); the tree itself; (b) a shrub of south-eastern Asia, Clerodendrum paniculatum (family Verbenaceae), cultivated in warm regions for its panicles of tubular scarlet flowers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > pagoda-tree or flower
pagoda flower1837
pagoda tree1874
pagoda tree1884
1837 Lett. from Madras (1843) 62 The flowers have no perfume, except the pagoda-flowers, and those are sickly.
1964 T. M. Greensill Gardening in Tropics iii. iii. 124 C[lerodendrum]paniculatum—‘Pagoda Flower’: A showy erect shrub bearing huge panicles of scarlet flowers... To get full effect, should be grown in clumps.
1986 Encycl. Indian Nat. Hist. 252/2 Frangipani (Plumeria acuminata) is planted near places of worship and therefore is also known as the Temple or Pagoda flower.
pagoda sleeve n. now chiefly historical a funnel-shaped outer sleeve turned back to expose elaborate lining and an inner sleeve.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > arm > types of
poke1402
foresleeve1538
long sleeve1538
lumbard1542
puller out1543
maunch1550
hand sleeve1585
French sleeve1592
poke sleeve1592
puff1601
trunk sleeve1603
stock-sleeve1611
hoop-sleeve1614
puff sleevec1632
short sleeve1639
hanging sleeve1659
engageants1690
jockey-sleeve1692
pudding-sleeve1704
Amadis1814
gigot1824
leg of mutton1824
bishop sleeve1829
mutton-leg sleeve1830
balloon sleeve1837
gigot-sleeve1837
bag-sleeve1844
pagoda sleeve1850
mameluke sleeve1853
angel sleeve1859
elbow-sleeve1875
sling-sleeve1888
sleevelet1889
pagoda1890
bell-sleeve1892
kimono sleeve1919–20
dolman1934
1850 Harper's Mag. Dec. 144/1 This [trimming] is repeated upon the lower part of the pagoda sleeves, and also serves to attach the pardessus across the front of the bosom. Under pagoda sleeves are of white lace.
1900 Westm. Gaz. 28 Sept. 3/2 The wide pagoda sleeves are not, in my opinion, nearly so pretty as the narrow little open sleeve with close-fitting sleevelets.
2001 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 10 July 10 When he wasn't playing with the Chinese theme to create flaring pagoda sleeves or fringe and tassel embellishment, Gaultier let rip with chinoiserie accessories.
pagoda stone n. now rare (a) a fossil shell (orthoceratite) resembling a pagoda (obsolete); (b) = pagodite n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > other gems or precious stones > [noun]
hepatitec1305
ligurec1305
bdellium1382
chodchod1382
nevyn1393
asteritea1398
medusa1398
myrrhitea1398
astrion1398
emastycec14..
pinkardinec1400
iralc1420
oriel?a1425
serpentine1426
nakettec1450
pentestc1450
sun's gemc1475
sepulchre-stone1489
moonstonea1500
piantea1500
efestide1567
astroite1569
polyp stone1583
bedle1591
balanite1601
eshime1613
lyncury1638
asteria1646
pangony1658
palasin1678
palatine1678
rhombite1688
tree-stone1698
toad's eye1747
peacock stone1753
turquoise1796
odontolite1819
pagoda stone1860
tangiwai1863
fish-eye1882
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Cephalopoda > [noun] > order Tetrabranchiata > family Orthoceratidae > member of
pagoda stone1860
straight-horn1861
1860 Geologist 3 419 Their Chinese name of ‘pagoda-stone,’ adopted by Mr. Muirhead in his ‘Manual of Geology,’ published in the Chinese language, is derived from the general opinion that these Orthoceratites..are formed underground in places on whose surface the towers of a pagoda project their shadows.
1900 E. R. Scidmore China xxv. 401 The rocks are rich in fossils, often yielding that curious orthoceras, whose long, tapering shell, cut in transverse sections, is known as the Ichang pagoda-stone, and is cleverly imitated for the tourist trade.
1948 R. M. Pearl Pop. Gemol. iv. 201 Similar to these..is a material known as agalmatolite, though the name is seldom used; most of the objects made from it are called soapstone, ‘figure stone’, or ‘pagoda stone’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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