overdriven.

Brit.

/ˈəʊvədrʌɪv/, U.S.

/ˈoʊvərˌdraɪv/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, drive n.

Etymology: < over- prefix + drive n. With sense 1 compare underdrive n.

a. Engineering. A gear mechanism which may be brought into operation in addition to the ordinary (reducing) gears of a motor vehicle, so that the engine speed can be reduced for a given road speed (e.g. to lessen fuel consumption or to allow further acceleration); the gear provided by engaging this mechanism, typically a gear higher than direct drive (the usual top gear).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > transmission > specific gear

top1906

top-drive1909

overdrive1921

underdrive1929

N1937

park1963

1921 Los Angeles Times 21 Aug. vi 8/1 (advt.) The ‘Moore’ Overdrive Transmission will increase the road speed of the Ford Ton Truck 40%.

1929 S.A.E. Trans. (Soc. Automotive Engineers) 24 335/1 The functioning of a transmission with either an overdrive or an underdrive through a double-internal-gear set in combination with a suitable clutch is exactly equivalent to that of a two-speed axle.

1938 Times 23 Aug. 8/5 The overdrive is engaged by merely pushing in a lever just below the instrument board.

1973 J. Wainwright Devil you Don't 5 It was a great car—a Jag. Mark II—well capable of three-figure speeds at the flick of the overdrive switch.

1991 R. Ivins Know your Land Rover 28 I own a..Station Wagon and I have a problem with the overdrive filling up with oil.

b. figurative. A state of enhanced or excessive activity or intensity. Frequently in in overdrive, (to go) into overdrive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > increased energy

overdrive1962

1962 L. Deighton Ipcress File i. 18 Dalby's voice trailed off as he slipped his mind into over-drive.

1970 G. Greer Female Eunuch 44 If women find that the clitoris has become the only site of their pleasure instead of acting as a kind of sexual overdrive in a more general response, they will find themselves dominated by the performance ethic.

1985 M. W. Bonanno Dwellers in Crucible vi. 122 All of his senses were in overdrive, and he was sweating.

2002 New Scientist 29 June 3/2 Since 11 September the scaremongering industry has gone into overdrive.

2. Science Fiction. = hyperdrive n. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > parts of spacecraft > [noun] > fictional propulsion device

overdrive1945

hyperdrive1955

1945 ‘M. Leinster’ in Astounding Sci.-Fiction May 9/2 A ship travelling on overdrive—above the speed of light—does not want to hit even a merely hard vacuum.

1953 Mag. Fantasy & Sci. Fiction 1 ii. 95 The cruiser Ilkor had just gone into her interstellar over~drive beyond the orbit of Pluto.

1967 ‘Pink Floyd’ (title of song) Interstellar overdrive.

1996 Times (Nexis) 27 Jan. This is an intergalactic adventure story laced with ironies... Hamilton puts British sci-fi back into interstellar overdrive.

a. Electronics. The driving of a piece of equipment beyond its normal operating levels; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1953 Econometrica 21 401 To check that the recorder was not overloaded and consequently introducing a signal distortion, a scope with overdrive limits marked was used to monitor the output continuously.

1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xvi 389 ‘External’ control causes the ‘on’ position to be largely independent of transistor parameters..and makes heavy base overdrive possible without danger of saturation.

1981 IEEE Jrnl. Solid-state Circuits 16 53/1 The design of an amplifier is presented which recovers from an overdrive within 0.005 percent in less than 30ns after a ±10V signal is applied to its input.

1995 Electronics Lett. 31 1995/1 The common mode at the input to the OTA is set at the negative rail, maximizing the overdrive on all the switches.

b. Music. The driving of an amplifier (usually that of a guitar) beyond its normal level in order to give a distorted sound; a device used to produce this effect. Frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1976 Pract. Electronics 12 627 (caption) Full circuit diagram of the Guitar Overdrive Unit.

1985 Internat. Musician June 37/3 It's really unusual to find overdrives which'll give you a good sound through a valve amp.

1998 Guitar Player (Nexis) Apr. 120 The overdrive settings include five flavors of distortion and three presets designed for direct recording.

2002 Total Guitar Mar. 104/3 By far the most commonly used guitar effect is distortion (fuzz and overdrive are similar but vary in tone and intensity).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

overdrivev.

Brit.

/ˌəʊvəˈdrʌɪv/, U.S.

/ˌoʊvərˈdraɪv/

Inflections: Past tense overdrove; past participle overdriven;

Forms: see over- prefix and drive v.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, drive v.

Etymology: < over- prefix + drive v. Compare Middle Dutch ouerdriven (Dutch overdrijven), Middle High German übertrīben (German übertreiben, now only in sense ‘to overdo, exaggerate’), Danish overdrive.

†1. transitive. To drive away, dispel; to overthrow. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > dispel (cloud, gloom, or immaterial things)

overdriveOE

discuss?c1400

digesta1513

profligate1542

depel?1548

foil1548

sperse1580

disparkle1601

redisperse1621

dispela1631

fray1635

dissipate1691

OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 38 God ðu ðe ðiostro giduoles wordes ðines lehte oferdrifest.

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 232 Oðþæt se eadiga petrus, þone arleasan oferdraf.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 661 Bot feill anoyis thoill ȝhe sall,..Bot ȝhe sall thame ourdriff ilkane.

1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 22 And, as I dout not, wil ourdryue thir dangeris.

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 300 Ȝour worship hes my dule ouerdryuen.

†2. transitive. To cover, to overspread; to stud all over. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > ornament [verb (transitive)] > stud with ornaments

sticka1350

steekc1430

overdrivec1450

overset1451

stud1570

bestud1601

bestick1623

constellatea1691

OE tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. vii. 26 Þæt deð God to tacne eallum monkynne þæt ðeah hit wind oððe sæs flod mid sond oferdrifen, þæt hit ðeah bið eft swa gesyne swa hit ær wæs.

a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 70 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 129 Þe friste dai for soþe sal comen a red dew, þe vorld sal ouer driuen & bini men us gomen and gleu.

?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) 2656 (MED) So was he rugged, raced, and ryuen, And sithen with dust all ouer dryuen.

c1450 (?a1400) Duke Rowland & Sir Otuell (1880) 1205 (MED) Alle his armours was ouer dreuede With stones of grete renoun.

†3.

a. intransitive. Of (a period of) time: to pass away; to elapse. Also of a person: to let time pass; to delay. Obsolete (Scottish in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]

overgoeOE

agoeOE

goOE

forthgoOE

runOE

overdrivea1275

farea1325

overmetea1325

walka1325

passc1330

slidec1374

yern1377

to pass overa1382

wastec1385

waive1390

to pass awaya1400

overseyc1400

drive?c1450

to drive ona1470

slevea1510

to roll awaya1522

to roll overa1522

to wear out, forth1525

flit1574

to pass on1574

to run on1578

overhie1582

wear1597

overslip1607

spend1607

travel1609

to go bya1616

elapsea1644

to come round1650

efflux1660

to roll round1684

lapse1702

roll1731

to roll around1769

to roll by1790

transpire1824

to come around1829

tide1835

elabe1837

tick1937

a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 68 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 128 Þe world sal ouerdriue; þer ne mai nomon flen.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1505 (MED) Sone þe derke ouire-drafe, & þe day springis.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 5253 Þus þai our draue som what lange.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 3 Quhen vyntir tyde Vith his blastis..Wes ourdriffin.

a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) 117 (MED) Þe derke nyȝt ouer drofe, and day-belle ronge.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xiii. ix. 51 The lang..nycht Gan schape full fast to mak schort and ourdryve.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) v. 437 The time wes lang oure drevin but ony inclinacioun of victorie to athir side.

c1550 Clariodus (1830) iv. 2331 This night owerdrave, day cumand was anone.

1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS f. 264 ^v Thus I ouirdraif fra day to day..Quhill of hir luve my langour was gane.

b. transitive. Scottish. To cause (time) to pass; to bring to an end (a period of time); to pass, spend (a period of time). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]

overdoOE

adreeOE

wreaka1300

to draw forthc1300

dispend1340

pass1340

drivea1375

wastec1381

occupyc1384

overpassa1387

to pass over ——a1393

usec1400

spend1423

contrive?a1475

overdrive1487

consumea1500

to pass forth1509

to drive off1517

lead1523

to ride out1529

to wear out, forth1530

to pass away?1550

to put offc1550

shiftc1562

to tire out1563

wear1567

to drive out1570

entertainc1570

expire1589

tire1589

outwear1590

to see out1590

outrun1592

outgo1595

overshoot1597

to pass out1603

fleeta1616

elapse1654

term1654

trickle1657

to put over1679

absorb1686

spin1696

exercise1711

kill1728

to get through ——1748

to get over ——1751

tickc1870

fill1875

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 481 Qwhen thai [that] day ourdrivyn had.

1559 D. Lindsay Dreme in Wks. (1931) I. 5 More pleasandlie the tyme for tyll ouerdryue.

1568 (a1500) Freiris Berwik 396 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 272 On this wyiss the lang nicht thay ourdraif.

a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxxix. 26 Sair weeping, but sleeping, The nichts I ouerdryve.

1632 Edinburgh's Vertues 140 in D. Laing Var. Pieces Fugitive Sc. Poetry (1853) 2nd Ser. Read [my poetry] with patience..And, if no more, it shall o'redryue the time.

a. transitive. To drive or work (a person or animal) too hard or to exhaustion; to drive (an animal) too far; to overwork. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)] > esp. through labour

fortravailc1305

overtravaila1382

overdrivea1450

over-labour1530

overwork1530

defatigate?1533

toil1549

forspend1571

out-toil1603

overtoil1607

slave1864

a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) 1701 When þat he ys so ouer-dryue þat he may no lengur lyue.

1551 Bible (Matthew's) Gen. xxxiii. 13 Ewes and kyne with yong..which yf men shoulde ouerdryue but euen one daye, the hole flocke woulde die.

1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra iii. vii. 42 Satan is Gradual in his Temptations..and is very careful that he do not overdrive Men.

1680 J. Bunyan Life & Death Mr. Badman 76 He was also a man very meek and merciful, one that did never overdrive young Badman in business, nor that kept him at it at unseasonable hours.

1766 A. Nicol Poems Several Subj. 146 As touching beasts, you over-drive them, And often of their food deprive them.

1780 J. Brown Lett. Toleration (1803) i. 23 Political shepherds ought never to overdrive their flocks.

1811 Lexicon Balatronicum Bull Hankers, persons who over-drive bulls, or frequent bull baits.

1845 H. W. Herbert Warwick Woodlands 51 I say, Jem, see that you don't over-drive old roan.

1884 Expositor Jan. 26 He..ruins his analogy by overdriving it.

1923 Bulletin (Sydney) 4 Jan. 22/2 If you want cattle to camp you must feed and water them well and not overdrive them.

1965 W. Klatt Chinese Model iii. xi. 180 The cadres found that they could indeed drive or lead the peasants forward to perform prodigious tasks, but they tended to overdrive them.

1991 D. Trevor Lo & Behold! (BNC) 57 If they are overdriven for one day, all the flocks will die.

b. transitive. To place too great a demand or a demand greater than normal on (a piece of machinery, equipment, etc.).

ΚΠ

1917 Econ. Jrnl. 27 385 To overwork a man is as wasteful as to overdrive a machine.

1968 Science 4 Oct. 82/3 Acoustical noise in the band between 14 and 15 kilohertz..is sufficient to overdrive the amplifier.

1997 G. M. Redding & B. Wallace Adaptive Spatial Alignment vii. 118 High input rate may overdrive the system, exceeding the structurally given response rate of the adaptive encoder and interfering with realignment.

†5. transitive. Of wind, a storm, etc.: to overpower, overwhelm (a person). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 46 Stithe stormes me ore-drofe.

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Wolf & Wether l. 2523 in Poems (1981) 94 This wedder..followit..With sic one drift, quhill dust and dirt ouer-draif him.

6. transitive. Golf. To outdrive (an opponent). rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > play golf [verb (transitive)] > type of play or stroke

drive1743

draw1842

heel1857

hook1857

loft1857

founder1878

to top a ball1881

chip1889

duff1890

pull1890

slice1890

undercut1891

hack1893

toe1893

spoon1896

borrow1897

overdrive1900

trickle1902

bolt1909

niblick1909

socket1911

birdie1921

eagle1921

shank1925

explode1926

bird1930

three-putt1946

bogey1948

double-bogey1952

fade1953

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > play golf [verb (transitive)] > drive farther than

outdrive1900

overdrive1900

1900 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 126 If the opponent is a longer driver one is spared the temptation..of pressing to avoid being overdriven.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	overdrive
释义	overdriven. Brit. /ˈəʊvədrʌɪv/, U.S. /ˈoʊvərˌdraɪv/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, drive n. Etymology: < over- prefix + drive n. With sense 1 compare underdrive n. 1. a. Engineering. A gear mechanism which may be brought into operation in addition to the ordinary (reducing) gears of a motor vehicle, so that the engine speed can be reduced for a given road speed (e.g. to lessen fuel consumption or to allow further acceleration); the gear provided by engaging this mechanism, typically a gear higher than direct drive (the usual top gear). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > transmission > specific gear top1906 top-drive1909 overdrive1921 underdrive1929 N1937 park1963 1921 Los Angeles Times 21 Aug. vi 8/1 (advt.) The ‘Moore’ Overdrive Transmission will increase the road speed of the Ford Ton Truck 40%. 1929 S.A.E. Trans. (Soc. Automotive Engineers) 24 335/1 The functioning of a transmission with either an overdrive or an underdrive through a double-internal-gear set in combination with a suitable clutch is exactly equivalent to that of a two-speed axle. 1938 Times 23 Aug. 8/5 The overdrive is engaged by merely pushing in a lever just below the instrument board. 1973 J. Wainwright Devil you Don't 5 It was a great car—a Jag. Mark II—well capable of three-figure speeds at the flick of the overdrive switch. 1991 R. Ivins Know your Land Rover 28 I own a..Station Wagon and I have a problem with the overdrive filling up with oil. b. figurative. A state of enhanced or excessive activity or intensity. Frequently in in overdrive, (to go) into overdrive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > increased energy overdrive1962 1962 L. Deighton Ipcress File i. 18 Dalby's voice trailed off as he slipped his mind into over-drive. 1970 G. Greer Female Eunuch 44 If women find that the clitoris has become the only site of their pleasure instead of acting as a kind of sexual overdrive in a more general response, they will find themselves dominated by the performance ethic. 1985 M. W. Bonanno Dwellers in Crucible vi. 122 All of his senses were in overdrive, and he was sweating. 2002 New Scientist 29 June 3/2 Since 11 September the scaremongering industry has gone into overdrive. 2. Science Fiction. = hyperdrive n. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > parts of spacecraft > [noun] > fictional propulsion device overdrive1945 hyperdrive1955 1945 ‘M. Leinster’ in Astounding Sci.-Fiction May 9/2 A ship travelling on overdrive—above the speed of light—does not want to hit even a merely hard vacuum. 1953 Mag. Fantasy & Sci. Fiction 1 ii. 95 The cruiser Ilkor had just gone into her interstellar over~drive beyond the orbit of Pluto. 1967 ‘Pink Floyd’ (title of song) Interstellar overdrive. 1996 Times (Nexis) 27 Jan. This is an intergalactic adventure story laced with ironies... Hamilton puts British sci-fi back into interstellar overdrive. 3. a. Electronics. The driving of a piece of equipment beyond its normal operating levels; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1953 Econometrica 21 401 To check that the recorder was not overloaded and consequently introducing a signal distortion, a scope with overdrive limits marked was used to monitor the output continuously. 1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xvi 389 ‘External’ control causes the ‘on’ position to be largely independent of transistor parameters..and makes heavy base overdrive possible without danger of saturation. 1981 IEEE Jrnl. Solid-state Circuits 16 53/1 The design of an amplifier is presented which recovers from an overdrive within 0.005 percent in less than 30ns after a ±10V signal is applied to its input. 1995 Electronics Lett. 31 1995/1 The common mode at the input to the OTA is set at the negative rail, maximizing the overdrive on all the switches. b. Music. The driving of an amplifier (usually that of a guitar) beyond its normal level in order to give a distorted sound; a device used to produce this effect. Frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1976 Pract. Electronics 12 627 (caption) Full circuit diagram of the Guitar Overdrive Unit. 1985 Internat. Musician June 37/3 It's really unusual to find overdrives which'll give you a good sound through a valve amp. 1998 Guitar Player (Nexis) Apr. 120 The overdrive settings include five flavors of distortion and three presets designed for direct recording. 2002 Total Guitar Mar. 104/3 By far the most commonly used guitar effect is distortion (fuzz and overdrive are similar but vary in tone and intensity). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). overdrivev. Brit. /ˌəʊvəˈdrʌɪv/, U.S. /ˌoʊvərˈdraɪv/ Inflections: Past tense overdrove; past participle overdriven; Forms: see over- prefix and drive v. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, drive v. Etymology: < over- prefix + drive v. Compare Middle Dutch ouerdriven (Dutch overdrijven), Middle High German übertrīben (German übertreiben, now only in sense ‘to overdo, exaggerate’), Danish overdrive. †1. transitive. To drive away, dispel; to overthrow. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > dispel (cloud, gloom, or immaterial things) overdriveOE discuss?c1400 digesta1513 profligate1542 depel?1548 foil1548 sperse1580 disparkle1601 redisperse1621 dispela1631 fray1635 dissipate1691 OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 38 God ðu ðe ðiostro giduoles wordes ðines lehte oferdrifest. OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 232 Oðþæt se eadiga petrus, þone arleasan oferdraf. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 661 Bot feill anoyis thoill ȝhe sall,..Bot ȝhe sall thame ourdriff ilkane. 1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 22 And, as I dout not, wil ourdryue thir dangeris. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 300 Ȝour worship hes my dule ouerdryuen. †2. transitive. To cover, to overspread; to stud all over. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > ornament [verb (transitive)] > stud with ornaments sticka1350 steekc1430 overdrivec1450 overset1451 stud1570 bestud1601 bestick1623 constellatea1691 OE tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. vii. 26 Þæt deð God to tacne eallum monkynne þæt ðeah hit wind oððe sæs flod mid sond oferdrifen, þæt hit ðeah bið eft swa gesyne swa hit ær wæs. a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 70 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 129 Þe friste dai for soþe sal comen a red dew, þe vorld sal ouer driuen & bini men us gomen and gleu. ?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) 2656 (MED) So was he rugged, raced, and ryuen, And sithen with dust all ouer dryuen. c1450 (?a1400) Duke Rowland & Sir Otuell (1880) 1205 (MED) Alle his armours was ouer dreuede With stones of grete renoun. †3. a. intransitive. Of (a period of) time: to pass away; to elapse. Also of a person: to let time pass; to delay. Obsolete (Scottish in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > time > [verb (intransitive)] overgoeOE agoeOE goOE forthgoOE runOE overdrivea1275 farea1325 overmetea1325 walka1325 passc1330 slidec1374 yern1377 to pass overa1382 wastec1385 waive1390 to pass awaya1400 overseyc1400 drive?c1450 to drive ona1470 slevea1510 to roll awaya1522 to roll overa1522 to wear out, forth1525 flit1574 to pass on1574 to run on1578 overhie1582 wear1597 overslip1607 spend1607 travel1609 to go bya1616 elapsea1644 to come round1650 efflux1660 to roll round1684 lapse1702 roll1731 to roll around1769 to roll by1790 transpire1824 to come around1829 tide1835 elabe1837 tick1937 a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 68 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 128 Þe world sal ouerdriue; þer ne mai nomon flen. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1505 (MED) Sone þe derke ouire-drafe, & þe day springis. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 5253 Þus þai our draue som what lange. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 3 Quhen vyntir tyde Vith his blastis..Wes ourdriffin. a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) 117 (MED) Þe derke nyȝt ouer drofe, and day-belle ronge. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xiii. ix. 51 The lang..nycht Gan schape full fast to mak schort and ourdryve. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) v. 437 The time wes lang oure drevin but ony inclinacioun of victorie to athir side. c1550 Clariodus (1830) iv. 2331 This night owerdrave, day cumand was anone. 1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS f. 264 ^v Thus I ouirdraif fra day to day..Quhill of hir luve my langour was gane. b. transitive. Scottish. To cause (time) to pass; to bring to an end (a period of time); to pass, spend (a period of time). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] overdoOE adreeOE wreaka1300 to draw forthc1300 dispend1340 pass1340 drivea1375 wastec1381 occupyc1384 overpassa1387 to pass over ——a1393 usec1400 spend1423 contrive?a1475 overdrive1487 consumea1500 to pass forth1509 to drive off1517 lead1523 to ride out1529 to wear out, forth1530 to pass away?1550 to put offc1550 shiftc1562 to tire out1563 wear1567 to drive out1570 entertainc1570 expire1589 tire1589 outwear1590 to see out1590 outrun1592 outgo1595 overshoot1597 to pass out1603 fleeta1616 elapse1654 term1654 trickle1657 to put over1679 absorb1686 spin1696 exercise1711 kill1728 to get through ——1748 to get over ——1751 tickc1870 fill1875 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 481 Qwhen thai [that] day ourdrivyn had. 1559 D. Lindsay Dreme in Wks. (1931) I. 5 More pleasandlie the tyme for tyll ouerdryue. 1568 (a1500) Freiris Berwik 396 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 272 On this wyiss the lang nicht thay ourdraif. a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxxix. 26 Sair weeping, but sleeping, The nichts I ouerdryve. 1632 Edinburgh's Vertues 140 in D. Laing Var. Pieces Fugitive Sc. Poetry (1853) 2nd Ser. Read [my poetry] with patience..And, if no more, it shall o'redryue the time. 4. a. transitive. To drive or work (a person or animal) too hard or to exhaustion; to drive (an animal) too far; to overwork. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)] > esp. through labour fortravailc1305 overtravaila1382 overdrivea1450 over-labour1530 overwork1530 defatigate?1533 toil1549 forspend1571 out-toil1603 overtoil1607 slave1864 a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) 1701 When þat he ys so ouer-dryue þat he may no lengur lyue. 1551 Bible (Matthew's) Gen. xxxiii. 13 Ewes and kyne with yong..which yf men shoulde ouerdryue but euen one daye, the hole flocke woulde die. 1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra iii. vii. 42 Satan is Gradual in his Temptations..and is very careful that he do not overdrive Men. 1680 J. Bunyan Life & Death Mr. Badman 76 He was also a man very meek and merciful, one that did never overdrive young Badman in business, nor that kept him at it at unseasonable hours. 1766 A. Nicol Poems Several Subj. 146 As touching beasts, you over-drive them, And often of their food deprive them. 1780 J. Brown Lett. Toleration (1803) i. 23 Political shepherds ought never to overdrive their flocks. 1811 Lexicon Balatronicum Bull Hankers, persons who over-drive bulls, or frequent bull baits. 1845 H. W. Herbert Warwick Woodlands 51 I say, Jem, see that you don't over-drive old roan. 1884 Expositor Jan. 26 He..ruins his analogy by overdriving it. 1923 Bulletin (Sydney) 4 Jan. 22/2 If you want cattle to camp you must feed and water them well and not overdrive them. 1965 W. Klatt Chinese Model iii. xi. 180 The cadres found that they could indeed drive or lead the peasants forward to perform prodigious tasks, but they tended to overdrive them. 1991 D. Trevor Lo & Behold! (BNC) 57 If they are overdriven for one day, all the flocks will die. b. transitive. To place too great a demand or a demand greater than normal on (a piece of machinery, equipment, etc.). ΚΠ 1917 Econ. Jrnl. 27 385 To overwork a man is as wasteful as to overdrive a machine. 1968 Science 4 Oct. 82/3 Acoustical noise in the band between 14 and 15 kilohertz..is sufficient to overdrive the amplifier. 1997 G. M. Redding & B. Wallace Adaptive Spatial Alignment vii. 118 High input rate may overdrive the system, exceeding the structurally given response rate of the adaptive encoder and interfering with realignment. †5. transitive. Of wind, a storm, etc.: to overpower, overwhelm (a person). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 46 Stithe stormes me ore-drofe. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Wolf & Wether l. 2523 in Poems (1981) 94 This wedder..followit..With sic one drift, quhill dust and dirt ouer-draif him. 6. transitive. Golf. To outdrive (an opponent). rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > play golf [verb (transitive)] > type of play or stroke drive1743 draw1842 heel1857 hook1857 loft1857 founder1878 to top a ball1881 chip1889 duff1890 pull1890 slice1890 undercut1891 hack1893 toe1893 spoon1896 borrow1897 overdrive1900 trickle1902 bolt1909 niblick1909 socket1911 birdie1921 eagle1921 shank1925 explode1926 bird1930 three-putt1946 bogey1948 double-bogey1952 fade1953 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > play golf [verb (transitive)] > drive farther than outdrive1900 overdrive1900 1900 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 126 If the opponent is a longer driver one is spared the temptation..of pressing to avoid being overdriven. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1921v.OE
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