outbreakn.

Brit.

/ˈaʊtbreɪk/, U.S.

/ˈaʊtˌbreɪk/

Forms: see out- prefix and break n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: out- prefix, break n.¹

Etymology: < out- prefix + break n.¹, after outbreak v. or to break out at break v. Phrasal verbs.

a. A breaking out; an eruption; an outburst of feeling or passion, of hostilities, of volcanic energy, fire, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > bursting violently from rest or restraint > instance of

outbreakinga1387

breaking-out1552

outbreak1562

eruption1598

storm1602

out-breach1609

fulmination1623

outflying1641

outburst1657

float1763

overboiling1767

irruption1811

gush1821

outflash1831

outflush1834

shooting forth1837

outbursting1838

blow-off1842

outblaze1843

upburst1843

upthrow1855

upbreak1856

spurt1859

outlash1868

spitfire1886

Brock's benefit1948

society > armed hostility > [noun] > outbreak of

rupture1702

outbreak1885

1562 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Æneid ix. A a ij b The Troyans dastard harts..neither geeue them dare in open field, nor fierce outbreake In armes.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. i. 34 The flash and out-breake of a fierie mind.

1777 J. Home Alonzo & Ormisinda v. i. 58 'Tis a noble boy. I love the outbreak of his Spanish fire.

1818 Lady Morgan in Passages from Autobiogr. (1859) 23 It is the spontaneous outbreak of a good and kind heart.

1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. iii. i. 74 I had expected some such passionate outbreak.

1872 H. James Nation 8 Aug. in Coll. Trav. Writings (1993) 91 This jagged and pinnacled coast-wall..prompted one to wanton reminiscence and outbreak.

1885 Liverpool Daily Post 11 Apr. 4/7 Since the outbreak of the Crimean War.

1940 War Illustr. 19 Jan. 620/1 Two great steel fire-curtains..can be dropped..thus localizing any fire outbreak.

2001 National Post (Canada) 30 May a1/4 Fire crews..worked to contain outbreaks of spot fires and ‘smokers,’ smoldering hot spots that threatened to flare up.

b. An eruption of a skin disease.

ΚΠ

1945 Reader's Digest Apr. 109 We also have what the men call ‘crud’, a skin outbreak like ringworm.

1968 H. O. Mackey & J. P. Mackey Handbk. Dis. Skin (ed. 9) viii. 65 Erythema multiforme exudativum is characterized by the rapid, symmetrical, outbreak of raised reddish macules, papules and vesicles.

1987 N. Spinrad Little Heroes 60 A thick layer of fairly subtle two-tone makeup..would almost have made it if it had done a little better job of covering the outbreak of acne on her chin.

2013 R. E. Marschang in D. R. Mader & S. J. Divers Current Therapy Reptile Med. & Surg. v. 47/1 The viruses most commonly reported in crocodilian species are poxviruses, which can cause outbreaks with skin lesions in captive caimans, crocodiles, and alligators.

2. Geology. An outcrop of a stratum; an intrusive mass of igneous rock.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > position or direction of strata > outcrop

cropping1686

outburst1698

outbreak1714

crop-side1715

crop1719

outcrop1805

rock-head1835

nugget1844

blow1879

1714 A. Danby in L. O. Tyson Mashamshire Collieries (2007) 71 The outbreak of Baynes coal in Agill and other places most hopeful.

1743 W. Ellis Let. 13 July in Mod. Husbandman (1744) Feb. ix. 50 All the different Strata of Clay, Stone, &c. in this Country, have their Out-breaks.

1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 345 If the whole..was an even plain, the border or outbreak of each stratum would appear regular and true.

1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab iv. 65 In the neighbourhood of the basaltic outbreaks which frequently disturb the stratification.

1992 K. S. Robinson Red Mars (1993) vii. 442 When the easternmost canyon debouched onto Utopia, there was another aquifer outbreak.

3. A violent disturbance involving a number of people, esp. in opposition to established authority; an insurrection.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > an insurrection

uparisingc1325

rebelliona1382

risingc1390

risec1400

surrectionc1418

rebela1425

upsetc1425

insurrection1459

mutinewe?c1550

revolt1553

tumult1560

emotion1562

sedition1585

uprising1587

innovation1601

esmeute1652

turgency1660

émeute1782

outbreak1826

uprisal1871

upsurge1930

1826 Times 31 Mar. 2/4 Some windows are said to have been broken, but little further mischief was done. This outbreak was construed pretty generally to have been connected..with election politics.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. viii. 440 If the misgovernment of James were suffered to continue, it must produce..a popular outbreak.

1883 Harper's Mag. June 28/2 During his absence there were rumors of Indian outbreaks at the East.

1947 H. R. Isaacs New Cycle in Asia viii. 157 Clashes [in Hanoi] resulted in generalized warfare... The French charged that the Vietnamese were the instigators of the outbreak.

1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 24 Jan. e3/1 It is almost like this society is in mass denial of the violent outbreaks that have recently occurred.

a. A sudden increase in the incidence of a disease; an epidemic of infectious disease, esp. when relatively localized.

ΚΠ

1832 London Med. Gaz. 7 Apr. 29/2 The progress of the disease..has been strikingly rapid. From its first outbreak, on the 26th ult., up to Wednesday last (4th), the total numbers have been—cases, 1,052; deaths, 395.

1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 714 Two diphtheritic outbreaks.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 7 Jan. 2/3 The failure of the vines, due to the phylloxera outbreak in the sixties.

1955 Sci. Amer. June 82/2 An outbreak of disease may be localized by quarantining the infected area.

1994 R. Preston Hot Zone 183 In the 1976 Sudan outbreak,..a C.D.C. doctor had allegedly become too frightened to get on the plane to Sudan.

b. A sudden increase in the population of a species (esp. a pest species).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > population > [noun] > population growth > abrupt local increase

outbreak1891

irruption1912

1891 Times 30 July 6/3 Inspectors were being appointed to visit the infested places and make elaborate reports of the outbreak [of the diamond-back moth].

1901 Yearbk. U.S. Dept. Agric. 1900 433 There was an outbreak of seventeen-year cicadas, which afforded an abundant and greatly relished food supply.

1939 Ecol. Monogr. 9 265 Outbreaks of the sugar cane froghopper, normally controlled by the muscardine fungus Metarrhizium [sic] anisopliae, occur at four- or five-year intervals.

1999 Forestry 66 135 In Scotland, serious outbreaks of the defoliating pine beauty moth..are invariably associated with lodgepole pine.

2003 High Country News 3 Feb. 8/2 Our perception that an outbreak or crash of population is a sign of a troubled species.

c. In extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > rapid or sharp increase > likened to an outbreak of disease

epidemic1630

epidemy1790

rash1854

outbreak1928

1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 19 Oct. 301/2 A hideous outbreak of advertisement hoardings, petrol pumps..and gaunt new motor-tracks.

1991 Sanity Jan. 20/1 (heading) Germany's fast-march unification has had an unexpected consequence: a new outbreak of historical amnesia.

1996 Premiere Feb. 39/4 Weather-based thriller about rival tornado ‘hunters’ tracking down a huge outbreak of twisters in the American midwest.

5. Meteorology. A movement of a mass of cold polar air from its source region towards the equator.

ΚΠ

1921 Science 6 May 444/1 If the warm air is cut off, the cyclone decreases in intensity and disappears; or, in the case of a new outbreak of polar air a new front is formed.

1957 F. H. Forrester 1001 Questions answered about Weather iii. 102 Migrating or transitory highs originate in the arctic and antarctic regions and invade the Temperate Zones as outbreaks of cold air.

1994 R. Hendrickson Happy Trails 168 A furious cold winter gale from the north,..formed by an outbreak of polar air behind a cold front.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

outbreakv.

Brit.

/ˌaʊtˈbreɪk/, U.S.

/ˌaʊtˈbreɪk/

Inflections: Past tense outbroke; past participle outbroken;

Forms: see out- prefix and break v.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch utebreken (Dutch uitbreken ), Middle Low German ūtbreken , Old High German ūzbrehhan (Middle High German ūzbrechen , German ausbrechen ) < the Germanic base of out- prefix + the Germanic base of break v. Compare to break out at break v. Phrasal verbs.

1. intransitive. To break out; spec. to break into speech or into sound. Also transitive: †to utter (a word) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > escape > [verb (intransitive)] > from confinement

atburstc1000

outbreakOE

strayc1330

aventc1375

twinc1386

out-wina1425

to break away1535

disengage1647

to break bounds1816

to cut loose1828

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > be violent [verb (intransitive)] > burst violently from rest or restraint

abreakOE

outburstOE

outbreaka1450

reboil1477

to break forth1535

burst1542

to break out1574

go1583

fulminate1630

break1693

lasha1716

to rage out1720

rip1856

outflame1890

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 274 Swa þæt him forburnon on þam bæce his reaf and he for ðam bryne utbræcan ne mihte.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 6567 Baldeliche he spac & sturneliche to þis water þo it alles out brac.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxvi. 112 Longe it was Er..Ony word Eiþer myhte Owt-Breke.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. vii. 122 Do way his bost at thar breth may outbreke.

1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos vii. sig. U.ii^v A dongeon darke there is, and dreedfull gulf of gapyng ground, Where deadly breath outbreakes.

1604 S. Hieron Answer Popish Rime in Wks. (1620) I. 574 And now and then outbrake the light.

1710 A. Hill Elfrid iv. 29 So after cloudy Storms Outbreaks the glorious Sun to comfort Mariners.

1855 R. Browning Epist. 86 The evil thing out-breaking all at once Left the man whole and sound of body indeed.

1873 A. Dobson Vignettes in Rhyme 202 The song of quiring birds outbroke.

1981 M. Dorris in Dædalus Spring 46 Rather than resist the occupation of his land, he ‘outbroke’.

2003 High Country News 3 Feb. 1/1 Locusts outbreak when droughts cause their verdant habitats to shrink, forcing the insects into crowded masses and signalling that it's time to escape impending disaster.

2. intransitive. To burst into flower. poetic. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > be a flowering plant [verb (intransitive)] > flower or blossom

blossomc890

blowc1000

flower13..

blooma1325

breakc1325

lancec1330

flourishc1386

to break up?a1500

knopa1584

effloresce1775

outbreak1870

a1729 E. Taylor Poems (1989) 345 When in this Knot I planted was, my Stock Soon knotted, and a manly flower out brake.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 193 Round Venus' feet Outbroke the changing spring-flowers sweet.

1914 H. Price Poems & Sonnets 159 Innumerable shoots and buds outbrake.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	outbreak
释义	outbreakn. Brit. /ˈaʊtbreɪk/, U.S. /ˈaʊtˌbreɪk/ Forms: see out- prefix and break n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: out- prefix, break n.¹ Etymology: < out- prefix + break n.¹, after outbreak v. or to break out at break v. Phrasal verbs. 1. a. A breaking out; an eruption; an outburst of feeling or passion, of hostilities, of volcanic energy, fire, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > bursting violently from rest or restraint > instance of outbreakinga1387 breaking-out1552 outbreak1562 eruption1598 storm1602 out-breach1609 fulmination1623 outflying1641 outburst1657 float1763 overboiling1767 irruption1811 gush1821 outflash1831 outflush1834 shooting forth1837 outbursting1838 blow-off1842 outblaze1843 upburst1843 upthrow1855 upbreak1856 spurt1859 outlash1868 spitfire1886 Brock's benefit1948 society > armed hostility > [noun] > outbreak of rupture1702 outbreak1885 1562 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Æneid ix. A a ij b The Troyans dastard harts..neither geeue them dare in open field, nor fierce outbreake In armes. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. i. 34 The flash and out-breake of a fierie mind. View more context for this quotation 1777 J. Home Alonzo & Ormisinda v. i. 58 'Tis a noble boy. I love the outbreak of his Spanish fire. 1818 Lady Morgan in Passages from Autobiogr. (1859) 23 It is the spontaneous outbreak of a good and kind heart. 1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. iii. i. 74 I had expected some such passionate outbreak. 1872 H. James Nation 8 Aug. in Coll. Trav. Writings (1993) 91 This jagged and pinnacled coast-wall..prompted one to wanton reminiscence and outbreak. 1885 Liverpool Daily Post 11 Apr. 4/7 Since the outbreak of the Crimean War. 1940 War Illustr. 19 Jan. 620/1 Two great steel fire-curtains..can be dropped..thus localizing any fire outbreak. 2001 National Post (Canada) 30 May a1/4 Fire crews..worked to contain outbreaks of spot fires and ‘smokers,’ smoldering hot spots that threatened to flare up. b. An eruption of a skin disease. ΚΠ 1945 Reader's Digest Apr. 109 We also have what the men call ‘crud’, a skin outbreak like ringworm. 1968 H. O. Mackey & J. P. Mackey Handbk. Dis. Skin (ed. 9) viii. 65 Erythema multiforme exudativum is characterized by the rapid, symmetrical, outbreak of raised reddish macules, papules and vesicles. 1987 N. Spinrad Little Heroes 60 A thick layer of fairly subtle two-tone makeup..would almost have made it if it had done a little better job of covering the outbreak of acne on her chin. 2013 R. E. Marschang in D. R. Mader & S. J. Divers Current Therapy Reptile Med. & Surg. v. 47/1 The viruses most commonly reported in crocodilian species are poxviruses, which can cause outbreaks with skin lesions in captive caimans, crocodiles, and alligators. 2. Geology. An outcrop of a stratum; an intrusive mass of igneous rock. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > position or direction of strata > outcrop cropping1686 outburst1698 outbreak1714 crop-side1715 crop1719 outcrop1805 rock-head1835 nugget1844 blow1879 1714 A. Danby in L. O. Tyson Mashamshire Collieries (2007) 71 The outbreak of Baynes coal in Agill and other places most hopeful. 1743 W. Ellis Let. 13 July in Mod. Husbandman (1744) Feb. ix. 50 All the different Strata of Clay, Stone, &c. in this Country, have their Out-breaks. 1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 345 If the whole..was an even plain, the border or outbreak of each stratum would appear regular and true. 1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab iv. 65 In the neighbourhood of the basaltic outbreaks which frequently disturb the stratification. 1992 K. S. Robinson Red Mars (1993) vii. 442 When the easternmost canyon debouched onto Utopia, there was another aquifer outbreak. 3. A violent disturbance involving a number of people, esp. in opposition to established authority; an insurrection. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > an insurrection uparisingc1325 rebelliona1382 risingc1390 risec1400 surrectionc1418 rebela1425 upsetc1425 insurrection1459 mutinewe?c1550 revolt1553 tumult1560 emotion1562 sedition1585 uprising1587 innovation1601 esmeute1652 turgency1660 émeute1782 outbreak1826 uprisal1871 upsurge1930 1826 Times 31 Mar. 2/4 Some windows are said to have been broken, but little further mischief was done. This outbreak was construed pretty generally to have been connected..with election politics. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. viii. 440 If the misgovernment of James were suffered to continue, it must produce..a popular outbreak. 1883 Harper's Mag. June 28/2 During his absence there were rumors of Indian outbreaks at the East. 1947 H. R. Isaacs New Cycle in Asia viii. 157 Clashes [in Hanoi] resulted in generalized warfare... The French charged that the Vietnamese were the instigators of the outbreak. 1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 24 Jan. e3/1 It is almost like this society is in mass denial of the violent outbreaks that have recently occurred. 4. a. A sudden increase in the incidence of a disease; an epidemic of infectious disease, esp. when relatively localized. ΚΠ 1832 London Med. Gaz. 7 Apr. 29/2 The progress of the disease..has been strikingly rapid. From its first outbreak, on the 26th ult., up to Wednesday last (4th), the total numbers have been—cases, 1,052; deaths, 395. 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 714 Two diphtheritic outbreaks. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 7 Jan. 2/3 The failure of the vines, due to the phylloxera outbreak in the sixties. 1955 Sci. Amer. June 82/2 An outbreak of disease may be localized by quarantining the infected area. 1994 R. Preston Hot Zone 183 In the 1976 Sudan outbreak,..a C.D.C. doctor had allegedly become too frightened to get on the plane to Sudan. b. A sudden increase in the population of a species (esp. a pest species). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > population > [noun] > population growth > abrupt local increase outbreak1891 irruption1912 1891 Times 30 July 6/3 Inspectors were being appointed to visit the infested places and make elaborate reports of the outbreak [of the diamond-back moth]. 1901 Yearbk. U.S. Dept. Agric. 1900 433 There was an outbreak of seventeen-year cicadas, which afforded an abundant and greatly relished food supply. 1939 Ecol. Monogr. 9 265 Outbreaks of the sugar cane froghopper, normally controlled by the muscardine fungus Metarrhizium [sic] anisopliae, occur at four- or five-year intervals. 1999 Forestry 66 135 In Scotland, serious outbreaks of the defoliating pine beauty moth..are invariably associated with lodgepole pine. 2003 High Country News 3 Feb. 8/2 Our perception that an outbreak or crash of population is a sign of a troubled species. c. In extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > rapid or sharp increase > likened to an outbreak of disease epidemic1630 epidemy1790 rash1854 outbreak1928 1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 19 Oct. 301/2 A hideous outbreak of advertisement hoardings, petrol pumps..and gaunt new motor-tracks. 1991 Sanity Jan. 20/1 (heading) Germany's fast-march unification has had an unexpected consequence: a new outbreak of historical amnesia. 1996 Premiere Feb. 39/4 Weather-based thriller about rival tornado ‘hunters’ tracking down a huge outbreak of twisters in the American midwest. 5. Meteorology. A movement of a mass of cold polar air from its source region towards the equator. ΚΠ 1921 Science 6 May 444/1 If the warm air is cut off, the cyclone decreases in intensity and disappears; or, in the case of a new outbreak of polar air a new front is formed. 1957 F. H. Forrester 1001 Questions answered about Weather iii. 102 Migrating or transitory highs originate in the arctic and antarctic regions and invade the Temperate Zones as outbreaks of cold air. 1994 R. Hendrickson Happy Trails 168 A furious cold winter gale from the north,..formed by an outbreak of polar air behind a cold front. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). outbreakv. Brit. /ˌaʊtˈbreɪk/, U.S. /ˌaʊtˈbreɪk/ Inflections: Past tense outbroke; past participle outbroken; Forms: see out- prefix and break v. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch utebreken (Dutch uitbreken ), Middle Low German ūtbreken , Old High German ūzbrehhan (Middle High German ūzbrechen , German ausbrechen ) < the Germanic base of out- prefix + the Germanic base of break v. Compare to break out at break v. Phrasal verbs. 1. intransitive. To break out; spec. to break into speech or into sound. Also transitive: †to utter (a word) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > escape > [verb (intransitive)] > from confinement atburstc1000 outbreakOE strayc1330 aventc1375 twinc1386 out-wina1425 to break away1535 disengage1647 to break bounds1816 to cut loose1828 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > be violent [verb (intransitive)] > burst violently from rest or restraint abreakOE outburstOE outbreaka1450 reboil1477 to break forth1535 burst1542 to break out1574 go1583 fulminate1630 break1693 lasha1716 to rage out1720 rip1856 outflame1890 OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 274 Swa þæt him forburnon on þam bæce his reaf and he for ðam bryne utbræcan ne mihte. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 6567 Baldeliche he spac & sturneliche to þis water þo it alles out brac. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxvi. 112 Longe it was Er..Ony word Eiþer myhte Owt-Breke. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. vii. 122 Do way his bost at thar breth may outbreke. 1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos vii. sig. U.ii^v A dongeon darke there is, and dreedfull gulf of gapyng ground, Where deadly breath outbreakes. 1604 S. Hieron Answer Popish Rime in Wks. (1620) I. 574 And now and then outbrake the light. 1710 A. Hill Elfrid iv. 29 So after cloudy Storms Outbreaks the glorious Sun to comfort Mariners. 1855 R. Browning Epist. 86 The evil thing out-breaking all at once Left the man whole and sound of body indeed. 1873 A. Dobson Vignettes in Rhyme 202 The song of quiring birds outbroke. 1981 M. Dorris in Dædalus Spring 46 Rather than resist the occupation of his land, he ‘outbroke’. 2003 High Country News 3 Feb. 1/1 Locusts outbreak when droughts cause their verdant habitats to shrink, forcing the insects into crowded masses and signalling that it's time to escape impending disaster. 2. intransitive. To burst into flower. poetic. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > be a flowering plant [verb (intransitive)] > flower or blossom blossomc890 blowc1000 flower13.. blooma1325 breakc1325 lancec1330 flourishc1386 to break up?a1500 knopa1584 effloresce1775 outbreak1870 a1729 E. Taylor Poems (1989) 345 When in this Knot I planted was, my Stock Soon knotted, and a manly flower out brake. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 193 Round Venus' feet Outbroke the changing spring-flowers sweet. 1914 H. Price Poems & Sonnets 159 Innumerable shoots and buds outbrake. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > as lemmas out-break out-break v. Brit. /ˌaʊtˈbreɪk/ , U.S. /ˌaʊtˈbreɪk/ ΚΠ 1903 N.Y. Times 19 Feb. 11/1 The colt outbroke his field, showing all the early speed. 2001 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 6 Aug. 62 In only his second start of 2001, Five Star Day outbroke a field of seven sprinters and led every step of the way. extracted from out-prefix < n.1562v.OE as lemmas
随便看	obesity obesogenic obesse obex obey obey obedience obey orders, if you break owners obey orders, though you break owners obeyable obeyance obeyand obeyant obeyed obeyer obeyers obeying obeyingly obeys obfirm obfirmate obfirmation obfirmed obflisticate obflisticated obfusc

outbreakn.

outbreakv.

> as lemmas