ossifragen.

Brit.

/ˈɒsᵻfrɪdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈɑsəˌfrɪdʒ/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ossifragus.

Etymology: < classical Latin ossifragus, ossifraga, lit. ‘bone-breaker’, a kind of bird of prey (see note below) < ossi- ossi- comb. form + frag- , root of frangere to break (see fragment n.). Compare Italian ossifraga (a1498), Middle French, French ossifrage (1562 in sense 2). Compare osprey n.Pliny's ossifraga is identified by ornithologists with the lammergeier, which swallows and digests bones, and is known to let them fall from a great height upon rocks and stones so as to break them. In ornithology, Ossifraga was adopted by C. L. Bonaparte as a genus name of the giant petrel (now placed in the genus Macronectes). This is now the usual sense of French ossifrage, Italian ossifraga.

Now historical.

1. A bird of prey reputed to break bones by dropping them from a great height (usually identified with the lammergeier or bearded vulture, Gypaetus barbatus).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > vultures or a vulture > gypaetus barbatus (bearded vulture)

ossifrage1572

bearded vulture1750

lammergeyer1822

lammervanger1830

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > vultures or a vulture > genus Neophron > species percnopterus (Egyptian vulture)

ossifrage1572

geir-eagle1611

Pharaoh's hen1757

Maltese vulture1781

Pharaoh's chicken1799

neophron1833

scavenger-vulture1885

1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 68^v This birde Ossifraga, which in the Arabie language is called Cebar, receaveth, feadeth & bryngeth vp the Eaglet so cast out, and so the birde loseth the name of her parentes, and is now..called Ossifrage, or Cebar.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. x. iii. 272 Some reckon yet another kind of Ægle, which they call Barbatæ; and the Tuscanes, Ossifrage.

1611 Bible (King James) Lev. xi. 13 The Eagle, and the Ossifrage [R.V. gier eagle], and the Ospray [ Coverdale the Aegle, the Goshauke, the Cormoraunte; Wyclif an egle, and a griffyn, and a merlyoun; Purvey an egle, and a grippe, aliete; L. aquilam et gryphem, et haliæetum] .

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 130 When the Septuagint makes use of this word [γρύψ]..Tremellius and our Translation hath rendred it the Ossifrage, which is one kinde of Eagle.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Ossifrage, a kind of Eagle, having so strong a beak, that therewith she breaks bones, and is therefore called a bone-breaker.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 256/1 The Ossifrage, or Dispised Eagle..is of greater Body, yet of different colour, from the Eagle.

a1771 C. Smart Poems (1990) 56 Let Bedan rejoice with Ossifrage—the bird of prey and the man of prayer.

1871 G. J. Whyte-Melville Sarchedon III. xi. 150 Such kin they seemed to their conquerors as the dog to the wolf, the ossifrage to the eagle.

1947 R. Bedichek Adventures with Texas Naturalist xii. 148 The lammergeier..is the bird of Leviticus 11·13 which must be held in abomination by the faithful, and is called the ossifrage, or bone-breaker.

1995 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 19 Nov. 38 The prawn, along with the pig, the camel and the ossifrage—whatever that is—is among those delicacies listed in Leviticus as an abomination and thus not kosher.

†2. An osprey; a sea eagle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Pandionidae (osprey)

pygarga1398

ospreyc1450

ospring1530

water eagle1562

bone-breaker1598

ospringer?1611

ossifrage1658

fish-eagle1678

fishing hawk1694

fishing eaglea1792

eagle fisher1801

fish-hawk1808

break-bones1838

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Ossifrage, a kind of Eagle which breaketh bones with her beak, the same as Osprey.

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 59 For the Haliæetus or Sea-Eagle we will present the Reader with the Ossifrage of Aldrovandus..a fierce and generous bird, preying upon Fish, and frequenting not only Pools and Rivers, but also the Sea.

a1745 T. Warton Poems Several Occasions (1748) 31 Next Ossifrage, and Ospray, (Both One kinde) Of Luxurie, and Rapine, Emblems mete.

1853 Putnam's Monthly Mag. May 578/2 Confusion exists between the adults and young of White-headed Eagle, the latter of which has been erected into a separate species, under the name of ossifrage or sea-eagle.

1871 R. Browning Balaustion 8 Crook'd claw o' the creature, cormorant Or ossifrage, that..hangs Afloat i' the foam.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ossifrage
释义	ossifragen. Brit. /ˈɒsᵻfrɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈɑsəˌfrɪdʒ/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ossifragus. Etymology: < classical Latin ossifragus, ossifraga, lit. ‘bone-breaker’, a kind of bird of prey (see note below) < ossi- ossi- comb. form + frag- , root of frangere to break (see fragment n.). Compare Italian ossifraga (a1498), Middle French, French ossifrage (1562 in sense 2). Compare osprey n.Pliny's ossifraga is identified by ornithologists with the lammergeier, which swallows and digests bones, and is known to let them fall from a great height upon rocks and stones so as to break them. In ornithology, Ossifraga was adopted by C. L. Bonaparte as a genus name of the giant petrel (now placed in the genus Macronectes). This is now the usual sense of French ossifrage, Italian ossifraga. Now historical. 1. A bird of prey reputed to break bones by dropping them from a great height (usually identified with the lammergeier or bearded vulture, Gypaetus barbatus). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > vultures or a vulture > gypaetus barbatus (bearded vulture) ossifrage1572 bearded vulture1750 bearded vulture1750 lammergeyer1822 lammervanger1830 the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > vultures or a vulture > genus Neophron > species percnopterus (Egyptian vulture) ossifrage1572 geir-eagle1611 Pharaoh's hen1757 Maltese vulture1781 Pharaoh's chicken1799 neophron1833 scavenger-vulture1885 1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 68^v This birde Ossifraga, which in the Arabie language is called Cebar, receaveth, feadeth & bryngeth vp the Eaglet so cast out, and so the birde loseth the name of her parentes, and is now..called Ossifrage, or Cebar. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. x. iii. 272 Some reckon yet another kind of Ægle, which they call Barbatæ; and the Tuscanes, Ossifrage. 1611 Bible (King James) Lev. xi. 13 The Eagle, and the Ossifrage [R.V. gier eagle], and the Ospray [ Coverdale the Aegle, the Goshauke, the Cormoraunte; Wyclif an egle, and a griffyn, and a merlyoun; Purvey an egle, and a grippe, aliete; L. aquilam et gryphem, et haliæetum] . View more context for this quotation 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 130 When the Septuagint makes use of this word [γρύψ]..Tremellius and our Translation hath rendred it the Ossifrage, which is one kinde of Eagle. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Ossifrage, a kind of Eagle, having so strong a beak, that therewith she breaks bones, and is therefore called a bone-breaker. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 256/1 The Ossifrage, or Dispised Eagle..is of greater Body, yet of different colour, from the Eagle. a1771 C. Smart Poems (1990) 56 Let Bedan rejoice with Ossifrage—the bird of prey and the man of prayer. 1871 G. J. Whyte-Melville Sarchedon III. xi. 150 Such kin they seemed to their conquerors as the dog to the wolf, the ossifrage to the eagle. 1947 R. Bedichek Adventures with Texas Naturalist xii. 148 The lammergeier..is the bird of Leviticus 11·13 which must be held in abomination by the faithful, and is called the ossifrage, or bone-breaker. 1995 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 19 Nov. 38 The prawn, along with the pig, the camel and the ossifrage—whatever that is—is among those delicacies listed in Leviticus as an abomination and thus not kosher. †2. An osprey; a sea eagle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Pandionidae (osprey) pygarga1398 ospreyc1450 ospring1530 water eagle1562 bone-breaker1598 ospringer?1611 ossifrage1658 fish-eagle1678 fishing hawk1694 fishing eaglea1792 eagle fisher1801 fish-hawk1808 break-bones1838 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Ossifrage, a kind of Eagle which breaketh bones with her beak, the same as Osprey. 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 59 For the Haliæetus or Sea-Eagle we will present the Reader with the Ossifrage of Aldrovandus..a fierce and generous bird, preying upon Fish, and frequenting not only Pools and Rivers, but also the Sea. a1745 T. Warton Poems Several Occasions (1748) 31 Next Ossifrage, and Ospray, (Both One kinde) Of Luxurie, and Rapine, Emblems mete. 1853 Putnam's Monthly Mag. May 578/2 Confusion exists between the adults and young of White-headed Eagle, the latter of which has been erected into a separate species, under the name of ossifrage or sea-eagle. 1871 R. Browning Balaustion 8 Crook'd claw o' the creature, cormorant Or ossifrage, that..hangs Afloat i' the foam. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1572
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