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单词 oss
释义

ossn.

Brit. /ɒs/, U.S. /ɑs/
Forms: 1600s osse, 1900s– oss.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: oss v.
Etymology: < oss v.Frequently in P. Holland, in his versions of Latin authors, rendering classical Latin ōmen (compare also his use of oss v. to render classical Latin ōminārī ). Despite Holland's claim that the word is old and well known in the north of England (see quot. below), it has not been found in previous writers; his proposed derivation from ancient Greek ὄσσα ominous voice or sound, prophecy, premonition, must be rejected (see note s.v. oss v.):1600 P. Holland in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xli. xviii. 1107 (note) Valerius Maximus..calleth this Omen of his (which I commonly interprete (Osse) fortuitum vocis jactum... For want of a proper tearme to expresse the Latine (Omen) all translators hitherto, French, Italian, and English, have been put to their shifts, and helpe themselves with (Presage)... Whereas that other word (Osse) is very significant, and in analogie æquivalent to (Omen). I mervell much therefore, why it is thought either strange and new (seeing it is English, used no doubt commonly in times past, and at this day currant in the North-parts, where the people haply are more observant of such presages) rather than many other forraine words, brought into our language, and raunged with the English: or why it should be condemned as absonant and not pleasing to the eare, more than ὄσσα in Greek..from whence, who seeth not (Osse and Ossing both) are derived.
Now English regional (Yorkshire) and rare.
1. A word of omen, a presage; an ominous or auspicious word; an auspicious greeting, a wishing of good luck. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [noun]
foretokenc888
tokeningc888
beaconc950
token971
handsela1200
boding1297
wonder1297
bodec1374
signa1387
foreboding1387
prenostica1393
prognosticc1425
prophetc1430
prognostication?a1439
ostentationa1450
prenostication?a1450
prodigy?a1450
augurationc1450
preparative1460
prenosticate?a1475
prenosticative?a1475
prodige1482
prenosticature1490
tokener1513
weird1513
show token1535
luck1538
prognosticate1541
preamble1548
proffer1548
presagition?c1550
foreshower1555
presage1560
portent1562
ostent1570
presagie1581
omen1582
presagement1586
luck sign1587
augury1588
prognosticon1588
forerunner1589
presager1591
halfner1594
spae1596
abode1598
oss1600
assign1601
augur1603
bodement1613
predictiona1616
prognosticala1618
bespeaker1624
portender1635
pre-indicant1659
foreshadow1834
boder1846
prognosticant1880
sky sign1880
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 3 We rather should begin with good osses and luckie forespeakings [L. bonis ominibus].
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 204 Portents..of prodigies and of Osses [L. Ominum].
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 139 All the osse and presage of good lucke.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. vii. iv. 289/2 Virgil also maketh the Horse to bee a luckie Osse or foretokened successe in Battle.
1642 F. Kynaston Leoline & Sydanis 2768 It is an ominous osse the sea-man fears.
2. English regional (Yorkshire). An attempt at something.
ΚΠ
a1903 D. Lawton in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 362/2 [West Yorkshire] He made an oss at it an missed.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ossv.

Brit. /ɒs/, U.S. /ɑs/, Welsh English /ɔs/
Forms:

α. Middle English 1600s osse; English regional 1700s awst (past tense), 1700s– oss, 1800s osse, 1800s hoss (Derbyshire), 1800s hause (Lancashire), 1800s hawse (Lancashire), 1800s– ause, 1800s– awse, 1800s– orse, 1800s– oos'ses (3rd singular present indicative), 1900s– hos (Derbyshire).

β. English regional (chiefly midlands) 1800s– aust, 1800s– oast, 1800s– oost, 1800s– ost, 1900s– host (Lancashire).

Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: halse v.1
Etymology: Apparently originally a variant of halse v.1, although the form is difficult to explain (however, compare forms at halsen v.).Frequently in P. Holland, in his versions of Latin authors, rendering classical Latin ōminārī and its synonyms; compare also his use of oss n. to render classical Latin ōmen . The latter has not been found in previous writers, although Holland refers to both noun and verb as old words well known in the north of England (see etymological note at oss n.). He believed the noun to be derived from ancient Greek ὄσσα ominous voice or sound, prophecy, premonition, and the verb from ancient Greek ὄσσεσθαι to presage, forebode. However, the similarity in form and sense cannot be more than coincidental. Compare also Welsh osio to offer to do, to attempt (16th cent.; < English (compare sense 3)). The β. forms, found chiefly in the central midlands, are inferred from the past tense.
Now English regional (midlands and northern) and Welsh English.
1. transitive. To signify, indicate, or make known to somebody that something is the case. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > [verb (transitive)]
tokenc888
sayOE
tellc1175
note?c1225
signifyc1275
notifyc1390
signc1390
ossc1400
testify1445
point1477
betoken1486
indike?1541
demonstrate1558
to give show of1567
argue1585
portend1590
speak1594
denotate1597
denote1597
evidence1610
instance1616
bespeak1629
resent1638
indict1653
notificate1653
indicate1706
exhibit1799
to body forth1821
signalize1825
to speak for ——1832
index1862
signal1866
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > inspired prophecy > prophesy [verb (intransitive)]
witiec950
prophesyc1350
divine1362
forespeaka1400
ossc1400
prophet?c1450
fore-prophesy1581
vaticinate1623
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (intransitive)]
ossc1400
sign1601
abode1659
ominate1667
prognosticate1851
portend1887
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 213 (MED) He ossed hym by vnnynges þat þay vnder-nomen, Þat he watz flawen fro þe face of frelych dryȝtyn.
2.
a. transitive. To signify (something) to be an omen; to presage, forebode, or prophesy; (also) to wish (a particular outcome, as good or ill luck). Also intransitive: to give oracular or prophetic indications; to foretell, to warn. Now rare.Apparently revived by W. H. Auden from dictionary record.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > inspired prophecy > prophesy [verb (transitive)]
prophesy1372
betoken1382
prophetize?a1400
spaea1400
tella1400
writec1405
ossc1450
destiny?1549
fore-prophesy1581
forewarn1582
vaticinate1652
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (transitive)]
betokenc1275
bode1387
prognostica1400
pretend1402
prognosticate?a1425
ossc1450
importc1487
prognostify1495
protendc1554
presage1562
abode1573
boden1573
denounce1581
importune1590
prejudicate1595
foretoken1598
ominate1598
auspicate1604
divine1607
foredeem1612
warranta1616
augur1630
preaugurate1635
prewarna1637
prenote1641
preominate1646
forespeak1667
omen1697
betidea1799
bespeak1851
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 2263 Þus answars þam þaire ald gode & osses on þis wyse.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 2307 Has þou ossed to Alexander þis ayndain [perh. read aidant] wirdes.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. v. xviii. 192 In this Election..yee osse and presage happely against the yeare ensuing, concord and unitie.
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 205 He [sc. Nero] heard withall, an out-crie and showt..of the Souldiours ossing all mischiefe at him & all good unto Galba [L. Galbae prospera ominantium].
1606 P. Holland in tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars Annot. 18 b Nonis, quasi, non is, which literally osseth as much as, you go not.
1969 W. H. Auden Moon Landing in New Yorker 6 Sept. 38/2 A grand gesture. But what does it period? What does it osse?
b. transitive. To foredoom. Obsolete. rare. [Perhaps originating in a misprint of ‘to osse unto the cittie’ as ‘to osse the cittie unto’ (i.e. properly an example of sense 2a; compare quot. 16061 at sense 2a).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > future events > [verb (transitive)] > decree, appoint, allot, or assign
setc1000
spinc1374
weirdc1550
forlot1566
oss1600
foredoom1608
condemn1653
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. iii. lxi. 129 Vnwilling I am..to boden such miseries and to osse the cittie unto those calamities.
3. English regional and Welsh English.
a. transitive. To show readiness, offer, propose, or intend to do (something), to make a show of doing; to set about, prepare, be about to do. Also intransitive: to incline or show an inclination to.
ΚΠ
c1642 J. Cockshutt Let. in S. M. Ffarington Farington Papers (1856) 87 He heard that my Lo: Strange was to go to Warrington upon Monday, and from theare he was to goe to the King upon Tuesday, and on Wednesday he oss'd to come back again both dayes journeys.
1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 36 Osse: to Offer to doe, to aim at or intend to doe.
?1746 ‘T. Bobbin’ View Lancs. Dial. 24 I..leet oth' owd Mon ith Fowd ossing t' get o Tit-back.
1790 A. Wheeler Westmorland Dial. iii. 85 Soa yee see Ise ossin towart Hauskeepin.
1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South II. iii. 24 If I did see a friend who ossed to treat me, I never knew hoo lay a-dying here.
1870 W. E. A. Axon Black Knight of Ashton 56 An' nobody ossin' to do it.
1885 T. Hallam Four Dial. Words 60 ‘Eh Mary, w'ereta for?’ ‘O'm ossin' t'goo t'Eccles.’
a1903 in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 362/1 [Worcestershire] He stood up and ‘ossed’ to fight me.
1974 D. Wilson Staffs. Dial. Words 49 Ost, to offer.
b. transitive. To attempt, endeavour, venture, or dare to do. Also intransitive: to try, make an attempt.
ΚΠ
1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 36 I did not osse to meddle with it. i.e. I did not dare, etc. fortè ab Audeo, Ausus.
1775 ‘T. Bobbin’ View Lanc. Dial. 46 I durst os tite o tean o Bear by th' Tooth.
1829 J. Hunter Hallamshire Gloss. He ossed but failed.
1895 T. Pinnock Black Country Ann. in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 362/1 Do' yo' ost to touch me, or I'll ha' the law on yer.
1963 H. Orton & W. J. Halliday Surv. Eng. Dial. I. iii. 956 Q[uestion]. That boy didn't manage to win a prize at the sports, but I will say to his credit, he at least... [Yorkshire] Ossed rarely.
1985 K. Howarth Sounds Gradely Oss, to dare. Chorley.
c. transitive. To point, direct, or recommend (a person) to something advantageous.
ΚΠ
1826 R. Wilbraham Attempt Gloss. Cheshire at Oss To osse is likewise to recommend a person to assist you.
1885 T. Hallam Four Dial. Words 60 (Shropsh.) I ossed 'er to a place.
1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire I'll oss yŏ' to a good heifer.
d. intransitive. To bode or promise (well or ill), ‘shape up’ (well or ill).
ΚΠ
1872 Notes & Queries 4th Ser. 9 404 [Warwickshire] It is very commonly said, that such a man orsed well, meaning that he began well or attempted well.
1882 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. at Oozy That wench dunna seem to oss very well... 'Er 's as lazy as Ludlam's dog that laid 'im down to bark.
1882 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (at cited word) I think the chap knows his work, 'e osses pretty well.
1999 D. Parry Gram. & Gloss. Conservative Anglo-Welsh Dial. Rural Wales 172/2 Ossing well, trying hard, improving, promising well, applied esp. to a child who is coming on nicely at his work.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> as lemmas

OSS
OSS n. U.S. Office of Strategic Services.
ΚΠ
1943 Newsweek 25 Jan. 26/2 OSS is the planning agency in psychological warfare for the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
1972 K. Benton Spy in Chancery viii. 83 We were together in Italy at the end of the war. I was in the OSS and he'd switched over to MI 6.
1995 Grand Royal No. 2. 88/1 The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) wartime precursor to the CIA, begins search for a drug that will force subjects of interrogation to reveal secrets.
extracted from On.1
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n.1600v.c1400
as lemmas
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