ospreyn.

Brit.

/ˈɒspreɪ/, U.S.

/ˈɑspri/

Forms: late Middle English hospray, late Middle English–1600s ospray, late Middle English–1600s ospraye, 1500s osperey, 1500s–1600s ospraie, 1500s– osprey, 1600s aspray, 1600s osperaye, 1600s ospreie.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French ospreit.

Etymology: Apparently < an unattested Anglo-Norman *ospreit (compare the surname Ospriet (1198)) < post-classical Latin avis prede bird of prey (a1250, 1307 in British sources) < classical Latin avis bird (see aviary n.) + praedae , genitive of praeda booty, prey (see prede n.). Compare ospring n., ospringer n.An alternative etymology derives the word from an unattested Old French, Middle French *osfraie , with alteration of f to p perhaps after prey n. (compare also Middle French orpres (1377)) < classical Latin ossifraga ossifrage n. Middle French orfres (1377), Middle French, French orfraie (late 15th cent.), in the same sense, are also apparently < unattested Old French, Middle French *osfraie , with assimilation of s to r . The form aspray shows early modern English lowering of ŏ to ă , usually restricted to dialect, but occasionally occurring in standard English (compare Gad n.² and int., plat n.³, strap n.). Compare also the rare orfraie , in the same sense (one isolated attestation: see quot. 1601 at sense 1), a direct borrowing of Middle French, French orfraie.

1. A large, long-winged, dark brown and white bird of prey, Pandion haliaetus (the only member of the family Pandionidae), which preys on marine and freshwater fish and is of almost worldwide distribution. Also called fish hawk.In quot. 1601 Holland, following the French of Du Pinet, uses the word to render Pliny's ossifraga, usually identified by modern ornithologists with the lammergeier or bearded vulture (see ossifrage n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Pandionidae (osprey)

pygarga1398

ospreyc1450

ospring1530

water eagle1562

bone-breaker1598

ospringer?1611

ossifrage1658

fish-eagle1678

fishing hawk1694

fishing eaglea1792

eagle fisher1801

fish-hawk1808

break-bones1838

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 567/8 Aurifrisius, an hospray.

a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 142 Every goos, teele, Mallard, Ospray, & also swanne.

a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.iv The roke, with the ospraye That putteth fysshes to a fraye.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 272 These Orfraies or Ospreies are not thought to be a seuerall kind of Egles by themselues, but to be mungrels, and ingendred of diuers sorts.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. vii. 34 I thinke hee'l be to Rome As is the Aspray to the Fish.

1637 T. Heywood Dial. in Wks. (1874) VI. 315 The wary Ospray whilst the fishes play Above the wave, stoopes downe to cease her prey.

1773 G. White Let. 9 Nov. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 97 The osprey was shot about a year ago at Frinsham-pond.

1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds I. 21 The genus Pandion was instituted for the Osprey by M. Savigny.

1895 Outing 27 60/2 A splendid osprey circled in the sunlight on the look-out for breakfast.

1931 Good Housek. (U.S. ed.) Dec. 29/2 An osprey's nest in the top of a giant cypress marked the turn.

1977 P. O'Brian Mauritius Command i. 10 They [sc. the woods] stretched into the next county..and they were full of ospreys.

2001 Times (Nexis) 30 June (Features section) For the first time for 150 years, ospreys..are breeding in England, and last weekend 1,500 people went to see an osprey's nest with young in it in Cumbria.

2. An egret plume decorating a woman's hat or bonnet; (also) an artificial plume or other ornament resembling this. Also attributive, as osprey feather, osprey plume. Cf. aigrette n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > plume (of feathers, etc.)

crestelc1320

crestc1380

plumach1494

plumasse1494

plume1530

plumage1565

panache1584

plumassery1613

kalgi1715

hackle1816

heckle1855

panache-crest1864

osprey1885

paradise1905

1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Jan. 3/2 Fine crême Dunstable straw bonnets, trimmed with crême velvet, and crême aigrettes with crême and gold osprey.

1892 Daily News 1 Mar. 5/4 These [aigret] feathers are white... They are often dyed by milliners to various tints, and have by them for some reason been named ‘osprey’.

1893 Lady 17 Aug. 178 Velvet bows holding some upright spray, such as oats, jet aigrettes, osprey, or wheat-ears.

1912 Emu 12 120 Plumed Egret..owing to the cruel craze for ‘osprey’ plumes, this is a bird with a ‘past’ and but little future.

1920 ‘O. Douglas’ Penny Plain xii. 127 The ospreys in her hat seem to shriek money.

1952 S. J. Perelman Road to Miltown (1957) 271 Ginger draws up in a calash, sporting a Duchess of Devonshire hat trimmed with osprey feathers, a hobble skirt, and opera-length gloves.

1990 N. Bartlett Ready to catch Him should He Fall 58 Madame often wore feathers in one way or another, a marabou-trimmed cape, or a fan, a real osprey if she was feeling very upmarket.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	osprey
释义	ospreyn. Brit. /ˈɒspreɪ/, U.S. /ˈɑspri/ Forms: late Middle English hospray, late Middle English–1600s ospray, late Middle English–1600s ospraye, 1500s osperey, 1500s–1600s ospraie, 1500s– osprey, 1600s aspray, 1600s osperaye, 1600s ospreie. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French ospreit. Etymology: Apparently < an unattested Anglo-Norman *ospreit (compare the surname Ospriet (1198)) < post-classical Latin avis prede bird of prey (a1250, 1307 in British sources) < classical Latin avis bird (see aviary n.) + praedae , genitive of praeda booty, prey (see prede n.). Compare ospring n., ospringer n.An alternative etymology derives the word from an unattested Old French, Middle French *osfraie , with alteration of f to p perhaps after prey n. (compare also Middle French orpres (1377)) < classical Latin ossifraga ossifrage n. Middle French orfres (1377), Middle French, French orfraie (late 15th cent.), in the same sense, are also apparently < unattested Old French, Middle French *osfraie , with assimilation of s to r . The form aspray shows early modern English lowering of ŏ to ă , usually restricted to dialect, but occasionally occurring in standard English (compare Gad n.² and int., plat n.³, strap n.). Compare also the rare orfraie , in the same sense (one isolated attestation: see quot. 1601 at sense 1), a direct borrowing of Middle French, French orfraie. 1. A large, long-winged, dark brown and white bird of prey, Pandion haliaetus (the only member of the family Pandionidae), which preys on marine and freshwater fish and is of almost worldwide distribution. Also called fish hawk.In quot. 1601 Holland, following the French of Du Pinet, uses the word to render Pliny's ossifraga, usually identified by modern ornithologists with the lammergeier or bearded vulture (see ossifrage n.). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Pandionidae (osprey) pygarga1398 ospreyc1450 ospring1530 water eagle1562 bone-breaker1598 ospringer?1611 ossifrage1658 fish-eagle1678 fishing hawk1694 fishing eaglea1792 eagle fisher1801 fish-hawk1808 break-bones1838 c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 567/8 Aurifrisius, an hospray. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 142 Every goos, teele, Mallard, Ospray, & also swanne. a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.iv The roke, with the ospraye That putteth fysshes to a fraye. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 272 These Orfraies or Ospreies are not thought to be a seuerall kind of Egles by themselues, but to be mungrels, and ingendred of diuers sorts. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. vii. 34 I thinke hee'l be to Rome As is the Aspray to the Fish. View more context for this quotation 1637 T. Heywood Dial. in Wks. (1874) VI. 315 The wary Ospray whilst the fishes play Above the wave, stoopes downe to cease her prey. 1773 G. White Let. 9 Nov. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 97 The osprey was shot about a year ago at Frinsham-pond. 1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds I. 21 The genus Pandion was instituted for the Osprey by M. Savigny. 1895 Outing 27 60/2 A splendid osprey circled in the sunlight on the look-out for breakfast. 1931 Good Housek. (U.S. ed.) Dec. 29/2 An osprey's nest in the top of a giant cypress marked the turn. 1977 P. O'Brian Mauritius Command i. 10 They [sc. the woods] stretched into the next county..and they were full of ospreys. 2001 Times (Nexis) 30 June (Features section) For the first time for 150 years, ospreys..are breeding in England, and last weekend 1,500 people went to see an osprey's nest with young in it in Cumbria. 2. An egret plume decorating a woman's hat or bonnet; (also) an artificial plume or other ornament resembling this. Also attributive, as osprey feather, osprey plume. Cf. aigrette n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > plume (of feathers, etc.) crestelc1320 crestc1380 plumach1494 plumasse1494 plume1530 plumage1565 panache1584 plumassery1613 kalgi1715 hackle1816 heckle1855 panache-crest1864 osprey1885 paradise1905 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Jan. 3/2 Fine crême Dunstable straw bonnets, trimmed with crême velvet, and crême aigrettes with crême and gold osprey. 1892 Daily News 1 Mar. 5/4 These [aigret] feathers are white... They are often dyed by milliners to various tints, and have by them for some reason been named ‘osprey’. 1893 Lady 17 Aug. 178 Velvet bows holding some upright spray, such as oats, jet aigrettes, osprey, or wheat-ears. 1912 Emu 12 120 Plumed Egret..owing to the cruel craze for ‘osprey’ plumes, this is a bird with a ‘past’ and but little future. 1920 ‘O. Douglas’ Penny Plain xii. 127 The ospreys in her hat seem to shriek money. 1952 S. J. Perelman Road to Miltown (1957) 271 Ginger draws up in a calash, sporting a Duchess of Devonshire hat trimmed with osprey feathers, a hobble skirt, and opera-length gloves. 1990 N. Bartlett Ready to catch Him should He Fall 58 Madame often wore feathers in one way or another, a marabou-trimmed cape, or a fan, a real osprey if she was feeling very upmarket. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1450
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