orchiln.

Brit.

/ˈɔːkɪl/,

/ˈɔːtʃɪl/, U.S.

/ˈɔrk(ə)l/,

/ˈɔrtʃ(ə)l/

Forms: late Middle English–1700s orchell, 1500s orcall, 1500s orcheall, 1500s–1700s orchel, 1500s–1800s orchall, 1600s–1800s orchal, 1700s orcheal, 1700s orcheil, 1700s oricelle, 1700s orselle, 1800s orcella, 1800s orchill, 1800s orseille, 1800s– orchil. See also archil n.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French orseille.

Etymology: < Middle French, French orseille (c1460; attested earlier in Middle French as orsolle , oursolle (both a1425); Littré (1868) also records a form †orchel , describing it as ‘synonyme vieilli d'orseille’) < Catalan orxella (1271), perhaps < Arabic urjāla , urjālla (982 in a Spanish Arabic source attributed to Ibn Juljul; however, this may itself be a borrowing < a Romance language), of uncertain origin: see note. Compare Italian oricello (a1347; also as orcello (1598 in Florio)), Spanish urchilla (1400), orchilla (1495; > orchilla n.), Portuguese urchilha , urzela . Compare archil n., orell n.Littré erroneously derives the word from the name of Federigo Ruccelai or Oricellari, a member of a wealthy Tuscan family who, he claims, introduced the use of this dye into Italy in c1300. In fact the reverse is true: the Oricellari family (afterwards Ruccellari or Rucellai) took their surname from the name of the lichen; compare Gamurrini Istoria Genealogica delle Famiglie Nobili della Toscana (1668) I. 274, Giornale de' Letterati d'Italia (1721) 33 231–2. According to the second of these, Federigo, on noticing the properties of the plant in the Levant, ‘intesi chiamarsi Respio in quella parte, Orciglio in Ispagna’. Compare also the following:1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xviii. 210 By bringing the excellent secret of this dye, called oricello, from the Levant to Florence, a certain merchant..won for himself and his descendants much wealth, and the pleasantly-suggestive surname of Oricellari, or Roccellari, which on Tuscan tongues speedily became Rucellai.

1. A red or violet dye prepared from certain lichens, esp. Roccella tinctoria. Cf. archil n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > purple dye or pigment > [noun]

turnsole1375

cork1483

jarecork1483

orchil1483

purple1519

purpurisse1519

archil1551

waycoriant1658

orchilla1703

cudbear1772

purple lake1785

imperial purple1788

mauve?1796

phenicin1823

French purple1830

indigo-purple1838

mauve1859

Perkin's mauve1859

violine1859

mauveine1863

purple of Cassiusc1865

tyroline1867

Paris violet1868

Hofmann violet1869

methyl violet1873

punicin1879

crystal violet1885

chrome violet1892

mineral violet1913

Monastral1936

manganese purple1937

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs

madderOE

grain1335

alkanet1343

Brazilc1386

crop-maddera1399

red-scarletc1400

alcanna?a1425

lac?c1425

madder root?c1450

incarnationa1475

jarecork1483

orchil1483

mull1507

orcanet1548

Bristol-red1551

red sanders1553

cochineal1582

safflower1583

chay1588

Pernambuco1595

red sanderswood1598

redwood1634

peach woodc1638

scarlet1653

mesteque1667

bow-dye1676

sylvester1697

corkir1703

gamene1703

orchilla1703

crap1721

saffranon1731

kino1788

Turkey red1789

lizary1791

granilla1812

munjeet1813

rubiate1835

orcein1838

purpurin1839

ruby wood1843

sassafrid1852

aal1853

pink salt1853

magenta1860

fuchsine1865

paeonin1865

safranine1868

corallin1873

marina1874

Magdala red1875

alizarin1878

eosin1879

Turkey red oil1879

roccelline1880

ponceau1885

amarant1888

phloxine1890

hypernic1897

Turkish red1900

Lithol red1930

1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 8 Preamble The Colours made with the which Orchell..faden away.

1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 8 §15 Orchell or Cork called Jarecork [Fr. Orchel ou Cork appellez Jarecork].

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxij/2 (heading) The crafte to make orchell.

1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 2 With good and sufficient corke or orchall.

1695 London Gaz. No. 3086/4 He also manufactures the Blue-Cake-Orchal..and the Blue Liquid Orchal for Scotland.

1771 P. Woulfe in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 61 129 Cochineal, Dutch litmus, orchel,..and many other colouring substances.

1847 Sci. Amer. 23 Jan. 144/1 Wool dyed by Orchil of a violet color.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 820/2 Orchil, Archil, Orchal, or Orchill, various names for the dye prepared from Orchella-weed.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 86 (note) The clubs are best stained with orseille or orange rubine.

1903 C. Salter tr. G. von Georgieuics Chem. Dye-Stuffs 384 Persio or Cudbear is an orchil prepared from Lecanoza lichens, chiefly in Scotland.

1944 Econ. Hist. Rev. 14 38 Orchil or archil (also called ‘cork’), a lichen dye which gave a purplish red, was being imported from Norway by the early fourteenth century.

1967 M. E. Hale Biol. Lichens xi. 161 The basic dyeing principle can be extracted as a paste, orchil, that colours wool many delicate shades of purple, red or brown.

1991 P. Walton in J. Blair & N. Ramsay Eng. Medieval Industries xiii. 335 Orchil.., from British lichens, was traded under the name of ‘cork’ in the 13th century.

2. A lichen from which this dye is obtained.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > lichens or fungi used in dyeing > [noun] > archil lichen

archil1551

stone-moss1681

argol1759

orchil1759

rock moss1763

orchilla1790

1759 Philos. Trans. 1758 (Royal Soc.) 50 653 The orchel, or Canary-weed.

1813 E. Bancroft Exper. Res. Philos. Permanent Colours (new ed.) I. Introd. 42 That species of lichen which is now called orchall.

1857 Harper's Mag. July 178/2 The Canary Isles send annually more than 3000 cwt. of brilliant ponceau-red Orseille to Europe.

1877 R. H. Major Discov. Prince Henry ix. 123 Others went..to gather orchil for dyeing.

1973 William & Mary Q. 30 384 Several other minor exotic products, including the dye-yielding lichen, archil (orchil).

1997 World Archaeol. 28 407 They were trading for rubber and orchil (the lichen Roccella Tinctoria from which a red or violet dye is obtained).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	orchil
释义	orchiln. Brit. /ˈɔːkɪl/, /ˈɔːtʃɪl/, U.S. /ˈɔrk(ə)l/, /ˈɔrtʃ(ə)l/ Forms: late Middle English–1700s orchell, 1500s orcall, 1500s orcheall, 1500s–1700s orchel, 1500s–1800s orchall, 1600s–1800s orchal, 1700s orcheal, 1700s orcheil, 1700s oricelle, 1700s orselle, 1800s orcella, 1800s orchill, 1800s orseille, 1800s– orchil. See also archil n. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French orseille. Etymology: < Middle French, French orseille (c1460; attested earlier in Middle French as orsolle , oursolle (both a1425); Littré (1868) also records a form †orchel , describing it as ‘synonyme vieilli d'orseille’) < Catalan orxella (1271), perhaps < Arabic urjāla , urjālla (982 in a Spanish Arabic source attributed to Ibn Juljul; however, this may itself be a borrowing < a Romance language), of uncertain origin: see note. Compare Italian oricello (a1347; also as orcello (1598 in Florio)), Spanish urchilla (1400), orchilla (1495; > orchilla n.), Portuguese urchilha , urzela . Compare archil n., orell n.Littré erroneously derives the word from the name of Federigo Ruccelai or Oricellari, a member of a wealthy Tuscan family who, he claims, introduced the use of this dye into Italy in c1300. In fact the reverse is true: the Oricellari family (afterwards Ruccellari or Rucellai) took their surname from the name of the lichen; compare Gamurrini Istoria Genealogica delle Famiglie Nobili della Toscana (1668) I. 274, Giornale de' Letterati d'Italia (1721) 33 231–2. According to the second of these, Federigo, on noticing the properties of the plant in the Levant, ‘intesi chiamarsi Respio in quella parte, Orciglio in Ispagna’. Compare also the following:1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xviii. 210 By bringing the excellent secret of this dye, called oricello, from the Levant to Florence, a certain merchant..won for himself and his descendants much wealth, and the pleasantly-suggestive surname of Oricellari, or Roccellari, which on Tuscan tongues speedily became Rucellai. 1. A red or violet dye prepared from certain lichens, esp. Roccella tinctoria. Cf. archil n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > purple dye or pigment > [noun] turnsole1375 cork1483 jarecork1483 orchil1483 purple1519 purpurisse1519 archil1551 waycoriant1658 orchilla1703 cudbear1772 purple lake1785 imperial purple1788 mauve?1796 phenicin1823 French purple1830 indigo-purple1838 mauve1859 Perkin's mauve1859 violine1859 mauveine1863 purple of Cassiusc1865 tyroline1867 Paris violet1868 Hofmann violet1869 methyl violet1873 punicin1879 crystal violet1885 chrome violet1892 mineral violet1913 Monastral1936 manganese purple1937 the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs madderOE grain1335 alkanet1343 Brazilc1386 crop-maddera1399 red-scarletc1400 alcanna?a1425 lac?c1425 madder root?c1450 incarnationa1475 jarecork1483 orchil1483 mull1507 orcanet1548 Bristol-red1551 red sanders1553 cochineal1582 safflower1583 chay1588 Pernambuco1595 red sanderswood1598 redwood1634 peach woodc1638 scarlet1653 mesteque1667 bow-dye1676 sylvester1697 corkir1703 gamene1703 orchilla1703 crap1721 saffranon1731 kino1788 Turkey red1789 lizary1791 granilla1812 munjeet1813 rubiate1835 orcein1838 purpurin1839 ruby wood1843 sassafrid1852 aal1853 pink salt1853 magenta1860 fuchsine1865 paeonin1865 safranine1868 corallin1873 marina1874 Magdala red1875 alizarin1878 eosin1879 Turkey red oil1879 roccelline1880 ponceau1885 amarant1888 phloxine1890 hypernic1897 Turkish red1900 Lithol red1930 1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 8 Preamble The Colours made with the which Orchell..faden away. 1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 8 §15 Orchell or Cork called Jarecork [Fr. Orchel ou Cork appellez Jarecork]. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxij/2 (heading) The crafte to make orchell. 1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 2 With good and sufficient corke or orchall. 1695 London Gaz. No. 3086/4 He also manufactures the Blue-Cake-Orchal..and the Blue Liquid Orchal for Scotland. 1771 P. Woulfe in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 61 129 Cochineal, Dutch litmus, orchel,..and many other colouring substances. 1847 Sci. Amer. 23 Jan. 144/1 Wool dyed by Orchil of a violet color. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 820/2 Orchil, Archil, Orchal, or Orchill, various names for the dye prepared from Orchella-weed. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 86 (note) The clubs are best stained with orseille or orange rubine. 1903 C. Salter tr. G. von Georgieuics Chem. Dye-Stuffs 384 Persio or Cudbear is an orchil prepared from Lecanoza lichens, chiefly in Scotland. 1944 Econ. Hist. Rev. 14 38 Orchil or archil (also called ‘cork’), a lichen dye which gave a purplish red, was being imported from Norway by the early fourteenth century. 1967 M. E. Hale Biol. Lichens xi. 161 The basic dyeing principle can be extracted as a paste, orchil, that colours wool many delicate shades of purple, red or brown. 1991 P. Walton in J. Blair & N. Ramsay Eng. Medieval Industries xiii. 335 Orchil.., from British lichens, was traded under the name of ‘cork’ in the 13th century. 2. A lichen from which this dye is obtained. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > lichens or fungi used in dyeing > [noun] > archil lichen archil1551 stone-moss1681 argol1759 orchil1759 rock moss1763 orchilla1790 1759 Philos. Trans. 1758 (Royal Soc.) 50 653 The orchel, or Canary-weed. 1813 E. Bancroft Exper. Res. Philos. Permanent Colours (new ed.) I. Introd. 42 That species of lichen which is now called orchall. 1857 Harper's Mag. July 178/2 The Canary Isles send annually more than 3000 cwt. of brilliant ponceau-red Orseille to Europe. 1877 R. H. Major Discov. Prince Henry ix. 123 Others went..to gather orchil for dyeing. 1973 William & Mary Q. 30 384 Several other minor exotic products, including the dye-yielding lichen, archil (orchil). 1997 World Archaeol. 28 407 They were trading for rubber and orchil (the lichen Roccella Tinctoria from which a red or violet dye is obtained). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1483
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