princepsn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈprɪnsɛps/,

/ˈprɪnkɛps/, U.S.

/ˈprɪnsɛps/,

/ˈprɪnˌkɛps/

Inflections: Plural principes Brit.

/ˈprɪnsᵻpiːz/,

/ˈprɪnkᵻpeɪz/, U.S.

/ˈprɪnsəˌpiz/,

/ˈprɪnkəˌpeɪz/;

Forms: 1500s principi (plural), 1500s– princeps.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: Latin princeps ; editio princeps n.

Etymology: Originally < classical Latin princeps, adjective and noun (see prince n. for the senses of the Latin word) < prīmus prime adj. + -ceps ( < the base of capere to take: see capture n.). In sense A. 2 short for editio princeps n. With the specific use as adjective compare French princeps (1802 in this sense, in édition princeps editio princeps n.).In sense A. 1a after similar specific use of classical Latin princeps (in quot. 1562 via Italian principe Principe n.² in similar use). The origin of this use is unclear; it perhaps arose because these soldiers were regarded as the best troops, or because they originally fought in the front line of battle. In sense A. 1b the title classical Latin princeps was chosen by Augustus for its inoffensive character and republican associations. It was previously thought to be short for princeps senatūs first man of the senate, but although Augustus held this title it is more likely that his choice of princeps was after its use to denote a prominent individual statesman, e.g. Pompey (compare princeps cīvitātis first person of the city or state). Princeps was not an official title but was assumed by Roman emperors at their succession; it came to acquire the connotation of an autocratic ruler. See detailed treatment in Oxford Classical Dict. (ed. 3, 1996) at that entry (On classical Latin princeps iuventūtis see discussion at prince n.) In sense A. 3 the name was applied by Tacitus and some post-classical Latin chroniclers and writers to the head or chief of a pāgus (see pagan n. and adj.). It corresponded generally to the Old English ealdor or ealdormann, by which words the Latin princeps was often rendered; compare:eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lxvii. 25 (28) Principes Iuda duces eorum principes Zabulon : aldermen Iuda heretogan heara aldermen Zabulon.OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 164 Princeps, uel comes, ealdorman.OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxvii. 25 And ealdormenn eac of Iudan,..and ealdras eac of Zabulone.c1225 ( Ælfric Gloss. (Worcester) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 538 Princeps, aldermon. Compare post-classical Latin princeps alderman (from 8th cent. in British sources), princeps pagi (11th cent.). Not fully naturalized in English.

A. n.

1. Roman History.

a. A soldier occupying the second line of defence in the ancient Roman army. Usually in plural. Cf. hastate n., triary n.

ΚΠ

1562 in P. Whitehorne tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre Table sig. Ggiii^v The Romaines deuided their armie in Hastati, Principi [It. Principi] and Triarij.

1593 M. Sutcliffe Pract., Proc., & Lawes of Armes xii. 165 The Triarij that stoode last were the oldest, and most tried, and best armed souldiers, and next them Principes that stood before them, the hastati were yongest and of least experience, first in place, but last in accompt.

1600 C. Edmondes Obseruations Fiue Bks. Caesars Comm. i. xvi. 43 There were vsually no more admitted to their councell of warre but the Legates, Questor, Tribunes, and the Centurions of the first orders, which I vnderstand to be the first Hastate, the first Princeps, and the first Pilum of euery legion.

1761 Ess. Art War 124 There were 600 Triarii, 1200 Principes, as many Hastarii.

1858 B. H. Kennedy Curriculum stili Latini 230 If the hastates could not rout the enemy, the principes received them between their ranks.

1904 T. A. Dodge Napoleon II. xxxi. 311 The work of the several classes of French troops..remind one of the old Roman division of the legionaries into Velites, Hastates, Principes, Triarii.

2012 N. Rosenstein Rome & Mediterranean iv. 173 Scipio..moved the maniples of principes and triarii forward and positioned them in the gaps between the maniples of hastati.

b. The title under which Augustus and his successors exercised supreme authority in the Roman Empire. Cf. imperator n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > ancient Roman

kaserc888

Kaiserc1175

Caesarc1384

imperator1590

princeps1614

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > titles applied to royalty > for a king or ruler > for Augustus Caesar or his successors

princeps1614

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 169 With them Princeps alone was equiualent with the name of Emperor.

a1623 Sir G. Buck Hist. Richard III (1979) (modernized text) ii. 80 Roman emperors in their greatest height were called princeps.

1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 341 He was immediately graced with the Title of Princeps.

1755 J. Taylor Elements Civil Law 224 The Emperor also was called Princeps.

1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 382/2 The term Princeps was adopted by Augustus as the least invidious title of dignity, and was applied to his successors.

1893 J. B. Bury Hist. Later Rom. Emp. ii. 17 The position of the new Princeps was fully established when he was acknowledged by both the senate and the army.

1921 Classical Philol. 16 34 Had the princeps under the Augustan constitution an imperium maius over the senatorial or ‘public provinces’?

2000 C. Ando Imperial Ideol. Roman Empire v. 146 Such language..became the common refrain of loyal subjects and principes alike.

2. The first edition or printing of a book, etc.; = editio princeps n. Cf. sense B.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > edition > [noun] > first edition

first edition1542

editio princeps1775

princeps1814

first1862

1814 W. Scott Waverley I. vi. 79 The edition of Sweynheim and Pannartz (supposed to be the princeps ).

1889 J. Jacobs Fables of Æsop 20 Eight complete editions appeared within a year of the princeps.

1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xviii. 456 The princeps of the Greek opera was published by Luca Antonio Giunta in Venice, 1516.

2000 Classical Philol. 95 61 The latter..is in fact based on the previous edition (and princeps).

3. Anglo-Saxon History and Germanic History. The chief or headman of a district, tribe, or community.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief > of a village or community

starosta1591

patel1630

malik1662

penghulu1705

aksakal1811

ratemahatmaya1818

caboceer1836

lambardar1855

thugyi1863

princeps1874

capitao1884

omda1898

luluai1924

big man1927

kadkhoda1934

mukhiya1934

sarpanch1963

headman1997

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. ii. §14. 24 Outside of his official authority, the chief or only privilege of the princeps was the right of entertaining a comitatus... The princeps provided for them horses, arms, and such rough equipment as they wanted.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. iii. §22. 44 Over each of their [sc. the heathen Saxons] local divisions or pagi..a single princeps or chieftain presides.

1915 B. A. Lees Alfred the Great vii. 232 The ancient Germanic princeps gave food and lodging, a war-horse, and a ‘blood-stained and victorious spear’ to his comites.

1990 B. Yorke Kings & Kingdoms Early Anglo-Saxon Eng. (1997) vi. 108 The South Gyrwe had their own ruler, the princeps Tondbert, around the middle of seventh century.

B. adj.

First, original; spec. designating the first edition of a book, etc. Cf. editio princeps n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > edition > [adjective] > specific edition

Aldine1654

dauphin1705

delphin1775

princeps1809

1809 J. Ferriar Bibliomania 6 The Princeps-copy, clad in blue and gold.

1860 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) Feb. 258 Such was the character of the princeps edition, and of all subsequent editions till 1776.

1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xxi. 552 (caption) First page of the princeps edition of Theophrastos' Historia plantarum, forming vol. 4 of the Greek princeps of Aristotle.

1999 French Rev. 72 915 The 1542 edition differs from the princeps edition of 1532.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	princeps
释义	princepsn.adj. Brit. /ˈprɪnsɛps/, /ˈprɪnkɛps/, U.S. /ˈprɪnsɛps/, /ˈprɪnˌkɛps/ Inflections: Plural principes Brit. /ˈprɪnsᵻpiːz/, /ˈprɪnkᵻpeɪz/, U.S. /ˈprɪnsəˌpiz/, /ˈprɪnkəˌpeɪz/; Forms: 1500s principi (plural), 1500s– princeps. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: Latin princeps ; editio princeps n. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin princeps, adjective and noun (see prince n. for the senses of the Latin word) < prīmus prime adj. + -ceps ( < the base of capere to take: see capture n.). In sense A. 2 short for editio princeps n. With the specific use as adjective compare French princeps (1802 in this sense, in édition princeps editio princeps n.).In sense A. 1a after similar specific use of classical Latin princeps (in quot. 1562 via Italian principe Principe n.² in similar use). The origin of this use is unclear; it perhaps arose because these soldiers were regarded as the best troops, or because they originally fought in the front line of battle. In sense A. 1b the title classical Latin princeps was chosen by Augustus for its inoffensive character and republican associations. It was previously thought to be short for princeps senatūs first man of the senate, but although Augustus held this title it is more likely that his choice of princeps was after its use to denote a prominent individual statesman, e.g. Pompey (compare princeps cīvitātis first person of the city or state). Princeps was not an official title but was assumed by Roman emperors at their succession; it came to acquire the connotation of an autocratic ruler. See detailed treatment in Oxford Classical Dict. (ed. 3, 1996) at that entry (On classical Latin princeps iuventūtis see discussion at prince n.) In sense A. 3 the name was applied by Tacitus and some post-classical Latin chroniclers and writers to the head or chief of a pāgus (see pagan n. and adj.). It corresponded generally to the Old English ealdor or ealdormann, by which words the Latin princeps was often rendered; compare:eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lxvii. 25 (28) Principes Iuda duces eorum principes Zabulon : aldermen Iuda heretogan heara aldermen Zabulon.OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 164 Princeps, uel comes, ealdorman.OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxvii. 25 And ealdormenn eac of Iudan,..and ealdras eac of Zabulone.c1225 ( Ælfric Gloss. (Worcester) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 538 Princeps, aldermon. Compare post-classical Latin princeps alderman (from 8th cent. in British sources), princeps pagi (11th cent.). Not fully naturalized in English. A. n. 1. Roman History. a. A soldier occupying the second line of defence in the ancient Roman army. Usually in plural. Cf. hastate n., triary n. ΚΠ 1562 in P. Whitehorne tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre Table sig. Ggiii^v The Romaines deuided their armie in Hastati, Principi [It. Principi] and Triarij. 1593 M. Sutcliffe Pract., Proc., & Lawes of Armes xii. 165 The Triarij that stoode last were the oldest, and most tried, and best armed souldiers, and next them Principes that stood before them, the hastati were yongest and of least experience, first in place, but last in accompt. 1600 C. Edmondes Obseruations Fiue Bks. Caesars Comm. i. xvi. 43 There were vsually no more admitted to their councell of warre but the Legates, Questor, Tribunes, and the Centurions of the first orders, which I vnderstand to be the first Hastate, the first Princeps, and the first Pilum of euery legion. 1761 Ess. Art War 124 There were 600 Triarii, 1200 Principes, as many Hastarii. 1858 B. H. Kennedy Curriculum stili Latini 230 If the hastates could not rout the enemy, the principes received them between their ranks. 1904 T. A. Dodge Napoleon II. xxxi. 311 The work of the several classes of French troops..remind one of the old Roman division of the legionaries into Velites, Hastates, Principes, Triarii. 2012 N. Rosenstein Rome & Mediterranean iv. 173 Scipio..moved the maniples of principes and triarii forward and positioned them in the gaps between the maniples of hastati. b. The title under which Augustus and his successors exercised supreme authority in the Roman Empire. Cf. imperator n. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > ancient Roman kaserc888 Kaiserc1175 Caesarc1384 imperator1590 princeps1614 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > titles applied to royalty > for a king or ruler > for Augustus Caesar or his successors princeps1614 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 169 With them Princeps alone was equiualent with the name of Emperor. a1623 Sir G. Buck Hist. Richard III (1979) (modernized text) ii. 80 Roman emperors in their greatest height were called princeps. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 341 He was immediately graced with the Title of Princeps. 1755 J. Taylor Elements Civil Law 224 The Emperor also was called Princeps. 1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 382/2 The term Princeps was adopted by Augustus as the least invidious title of dignity, and was applied to his successors. 1893 J. B. Bury Hist. Later Rom. Emp. ii. 17 The position of the new Princeps was fully established when he was acknowledged by both the senate and the army. 1921 Classical Philol. 16 34 Had the princeps under the Augustan constitution an imperium maius over the senatorial or ‘public provinces’? 2000 C. Ando Imperial Ideol. Roman Empire v. 146 Such language..became the common refrain of loyal subjects and principes alike. 2. The first edition or printing of a book, etc.; = editio princeps n. Cf. sense B. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > edition > [noun] > first edition first edition1542 editio princeps1775 princeps1814 first1862 1814 W. Scott Waverley I. vi. 79 The edition of Sweynheim and Pannartz (supposed to be the princeps ). View more context for this quotation 1889 J. Jacobs Fables of Æsop 20 Eight complete editions appeared within a year of the princeps. 1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xviii. 456 The princeps of the Greek opera was published by Luca Antonio Giunta in Venice, 1516. 2000 Classical Philol. 95 61 The latter..is in fact based on the previous edition (and princeps). 3. Anglo-Saxon History and Germanic History. The chief or headman of a district, tribe, or community. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief > of a village or community starosta1591 patel1630 malik1662 penghulu1705 aksakal1811 ratemahatmaya1818 caboceer1836 lambardar1855 thugyi1863 princeps1874 capitao1884 omda1898 luluai1924 big man1927 kadkhoda1934 mukhiya1934 sarpanch1963 headman1997 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. ii. §14. 24 Outside of his official authority, the chief or only privilege of the princeps was the right of entertaining a comitatus... The princeps provided for them horses, arms, and such rough equipment as they wanted. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. iii. §22. 44 Over each of their [sc. the heathen Saxons] local divisions or pagi..a single princeps or chieftain presides. 1915 B. A. Lees Alfred the Great vii. 232 The ancient Germanic princeps gave food and lodging, a war-horse, and a ‘blood-stained and victorious spear’ to his comites. 1990 B. Yorke Kings & Kingdoms Early Anglo-Saxon Eng. (1997) vi. 108 The South Gyrwe had their own ruler, the princeps Tondbert, around the middle of seventh century. B. adj. First, original; spec. designating the first edition of a book, etc. Cf. editio princeps n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > edition > [adjective] > specific edition Aldine1654 dauphin1705 delphin1775 princeps1809 1809 J. Ferriar Bibliomania 6 The Princeps-copy, clad in blue and gold. 1860 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) Feb. 258 Such was the character of the princeps edition, and of all subsequent editions till 1776. 1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xxi. 552 (caption) First page of the princeps edition of Theophrastos' Historia plantarum, forming vol. 4 of the Greek princeps of Aristotle. 1999 French Rev. 72 915 The 1542 edition differs from the princeps edition of 1532. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1562
随便看	leather-covered leather-cutter leather-cutting leather-dresser leftsomes lefttoright leftturn lane leftturn signal leftturning leftward leftward of leftwarder leftwardest leftwardly leftwardness leftwards leftwingery leftwingish leftwingism leftwingy leftwise leftwitted lefty left–right leg