orcn.¹

Brit.

/ɔːk/, U.S.

/ɔrk/

Forms: 1500s ourk (Scottish), 1500s–1600s orke, 1600s–1700s ork, 1600s– orc.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly a borrowing from Italian. Probably partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French orque; Italian orca; Latin orca.

Etymology: Probably partly < Middle French, French orque large cetacean (1550 in Middle French), partly < Italian orca large cetacean (a1498), fabulous sea monster (1516 in the source translated in quot. 1591 at main sense), and partly < their etymon classical Latin orca a kind of whale (see orca n.). Compare also Old Icelandic orkn, ǫrkn (Icelandic orkn) a kind of seal.The form in quot. ?1527 at main sense apparently results from an error in the transmission of the text translated.

Originally: any of various ferocious sea creatures. In later use: a large cetacean, esp. the killer whale, Orcinus orca. Cf. orca n. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > aquatic monster or serpent

nickerOE

cetec1220

dragona1340

serra1449

hurlpool1553

afanc1573

orcc1590

sea monster1600

Hydrus1667

sea-dragon1749

kraken1755

sea-snake1755

Midgard1770

the (great) sea-serpent1774

sea-worm1799

taniwha1840

makara1873

Mamlambo1919

lau1923

Ogopogo1926

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Delphinidae > genus Orcinus (killer whale)

grampusa1529

orcc1590

herring-hoga1641

orca1653

springer1700

thrasher1709

killer whale1726

grampus-whale1744

thresher1787

sword-whale1860

?1527 L. Andrewe tr. Noble Lyfe Bestes sig. siiii^v Orchun [L. Orcum, Du. Orchium] is a monster of y^e se..& he is mortal ennemye to y^e balene & tereth asonder the bely of the balene.]

c1590 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 40 Strong ourks and phoks and monsters euerie day From seis he send.

1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso x. lxxxvii. 79/2 With his speare in hand,..The vgly Orke vpon the brow he strake; (I call him Orke, because I know no beast, Nor fish from whence comparison to take).

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ii. 25 The vglie Orks, that for their Lord the Ocean wooe.

1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 48 Touching that monstrous Bulk, of the Whale, or Orke; How long it is wielded by vitall Spirit; Wee have received Nothing certaine.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 835 The haunt of Seales and Orcs, and Sea-mews clang.

1712 W. Diaper Nereides xiii. 60 Shrimps may not grow to Crabs, nor Orks to Whales aspire.

a1794 W. Jones Hindu Wife (1881) 42 Some slowly through green waves advancing..E'en orcs and river-dragons felt Their iron bosoms melt.

1822 W. Tennant Thane of Fife v. vi Whole herds of sea-cows and of orcs appear.

1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom IV. 455 There are two varieties of the Delphinus Orca, the Orc and the Grampus.

1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. ix. 220 Near and nearer comes the snorting orc.

1908 J. Payne Carol & Cadence 148 The tiger of the sea-deeps knew,—the Orc.

Compounds

† General attributive and objective, as orc-catcher, orc-killer, orc mouth. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1631 P. Fletcher Sicelides sig. Fij^v Because a lover, therefore an Orkekiller.

1631 P. Fletcher Sicelides sig. Fij^v That Orke-catcher Ataches.

1631 P. Fletcher Sicelides sig. Iij That Orke mouth of thine did crumme thy porridge with my grandsires braines.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

orcn.²

Brit.

/ɔːk/, U.S.

/ɔrk/

Forms: 1600s orke, 1600s orque, 1800s– orc, 1900s– ork.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian orco.

Etymology: Probably < Italian orco man-eating giant (see ogre n.).The word is unlikely to be a survival of Old English orc demon (probably directly < classical Latin Orcus ); in Old English also as the first element in the compound (plural) orcnēas evil spirits, walking corpses (see need n.¹); compare:eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 86/2 Orcus, orc,..ðyrs, heldiobul.OE Beowulf 112 Þanon untydras ealle onwocon, eotenas ond ylfe ond orcneas, swylce gigantas, þa wið Gode wunnon. The word was revived in the 20th cent. by J. R. R. Tolkien (compare quot. 1937 at main sense), probably partly after Old English orc; compare:1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Let. 25 Apr. (1995) 177 Orcs (the word is as far as I am concerned actually derived from Old English orc ‘demon’, but only because of its phonetic suitability).

A devouring monster; an ogre; spec. a member of an imaginary race of subhuman creatures, small and human-like in form but having ogreish features and warlike, malevolent characters.Popularized by the novels of J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973) and now used chiefly in fantasy novels and games.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > malignant monster > [noun] > ogre

orc1605

ogre1713

ogress1713

ogrillon1860

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > creation or description of characters > specific character or creature

big-endian1726

Sleeping Beauty1729

little-endian1749

small-endian1819

panjandrum1825

shock-headed Peter1848

flopsy bunny1909

Pollyanna1921

Tarzan1921

hobbit1937

orc1937

superman1938

Moomin1950

Dalek1963

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 337 Insatiate Orque, that euen at one repast, Almost all creatures in the World would waste.

1656 S. Holland Don Zara i. i. 6 Who at one stroke didst pare away three heads from off the shoulders of an Orke, begotten by an Incubus.

1854 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Oct. 380/1 The elves and the nickers, the orcs and the giants.

1865 C. Kingsley Hereward I. i. 71 But beyond, things unspeakable—dragons, giants, orcs, [etc.].

1937 J. R. R. Tolkien Hobbit vii. 149 The slopes of the Grey Mountains..are simply stiff with goblins, hobgoblins, and orcs of the worst description.

1974 R. Helms Tolkien's World iv. 80 The Orcs are covered with hair, in part to represent their sexual voraciousness and animality.

1989 GM Nov. 56 (advt.) Choose to play an Elf, Dwarf, Orc or Human.

1992 City Limits 2 July 22/4 The heroes are the orcs, usually (and quite rightly) considered to be the scum of fantasy society.

Compounds

General attributive, as orc army, orc speech, etc.

ΚΠ

1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring 23 With the help of the ring he escaped from the orc-guards at the gate and rejoined his companions.

1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Two Towers iii. iii. 48 Orc-speech sounded at all times full of hate and anger.

a1973 J. R. R. Tolkien Silmarillion (1977) x. 96 And when Thingol came again to Menegroth he learned that the Orc-host in the west was victorious.

1994 White Dwarf Mar. 54/1 The Ork Warboss is the brains (such as they are) of an Ork army.

Derivatives

ˈorc-like adj.

ΚΠ

1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Two Towers iii. ix. 171 He was not so obviously orc-like as most of these were.

2001 Truth (Auckland) (Nexis) 28 Dec. 7 The trouble is that many of them [sc. people attending the official Lord of the Rings party] are just too ork-like to cut the mustard.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† orcv.

Forms: 1600s ork.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: orc n.²

Etymology: < orc n.²

Obsolete.

transitive. To make an orc or monster of.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > malignant monster > [verb (transitive)] > make an ogre of

orc1631

1631 P. Fletcher Sicelides sig. Fij^v I Orkt you once, and now Ile fit you for a Cupid.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.¹c1590

n.²1605

v.1631

单词	orc
释义	orcn.¹ Brit. /ɔːk/, U.S. /ɔrk/ Forms: 1500s ourk (Scottish), 1500s–1600s orke, 1600s–1700s ork, 1600s– orc. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly a borrowing from Italian. Probably partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French orque; Italian orca; Latin orca. Etymology: Probably partly < Middle French, French orque large cetacean (1550 in Middle French), partly < Italian orca large cetacean (a1498), fabulous sea monster (1516 in the source translated in quot. 1591 at main sense), and partly < their etymon classical Latin orca a kind of whale (see orca n.). Compare also Old Icelandic orkn, ǫrkn (Icelandic orkn) a kind of seal.The form in quot. ?1527 at main sense apparently results from an error in the transmission of the text translated. Originally: any of various ferocious sea creatures. In later use: a large cetacean, esp. the killer whale, Orcinus orca. Cf. orca n. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > aquatic monster or serpent nickerOE cetec1220 dragona1340 serra1449 hurlpool1553 afanc1573 orcc1590 sea monster1600 Hydrus1667 sea-dragon1749 kraken1755 sea-snake1755 Midgard1770 the (great) sea-serpent1774 sea-worm1799 taniwha1840 makara1873 Mamlambo1919 lau1923 Ogopogo1926 the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Delphinidae > genus Orcinus (killer whale) grampusa1529 orcc1590 herring-hoga1641 orca1653 springer1700 thrasher1709 killer whale1726 grampus-whale1744 thresher1787 sword-whale1860 ?1527 L. Andrewe tr. Noble Lyfe Bestes sig. siiii^v Orchun [L. Orcum, Du. Orchium] is a monster of y^e se..& he is mortal ennemye to y^e balene & tereth asonder the bely of the balene.] c1590 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 40 Strong ourks and phoks and monsters euerie day From seis he send. 1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso x. lxxxvii. 79/2 With his speare in hand,..The vgly Orke vpon the brow he strake; (I call him Orke, because I know no beast, Nor fish from whence comparison to take). 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ii. 25 The vglie Orks, that for their Lord the Ocean wooe. 1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 48 Touching that monstrous Bulk, of the Whale, or Orke; How long it is wielded by vitall Spirit; Wee have received Nothing certaine. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 835 The haunt of Seales and Orcs, and Sea-mews clang. View more context for this quotation 1712 W. Diaper Nereides xiii. 60 Shrimps may not grow to Crabs, nor Orks to Whales aspire. a1794 W. Jones Hindu Wife (1881) 42 Some slowly through green waves advancing..E'en orcs and river-dragons felt Their iron bosoms melt. 1822 W. Tennant Thane of Fife v. vi Whole herds of sea-cows and of orcs appear. 1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom IV. 455 There are two varieties of the Delphinus Orca, the Orc and the Grampus. 1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. ix. 220 Near and nearer comes the snorting orc. 1908 J. Payne Carol & Cadence 148 The tiger of the sea-deeps knew,—the Orc. Compounds † General attributive and objective, as orc-catcher, orc-killer, orc mouth. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1631 P. Fletcher Sicelides sig. Fij^v Because a lover, therefore an Orkekiller. 1631 P. Fletcher Sicelides sig. Fij^v That Orke-catcher Ataches. 1631 P. Fletcher Sicelides sig. Iij That Orke mouth of thine did crumme thy porridge with my grandsires braines. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). orcn.² Brit. /ɔːk/, U.S. /ɔrk/ Forms: 1600s orke, 1600s orque, 1800s– orc, 1900s– ork. Origin: Probably a borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian orco. Etymology: Probably < Italian orco man-eating giant (see ogre n.).The word is unlikely to be a survival of Old English orc demon (probably directly < classical Latin Orcus ); in Old English also as the first element in the compound (plural) orcnēas evil spirits, walking corpses (see need n.¹); compare:eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 86/2 Orcus, orc,..ðyrs, heldiobul.OE Beowulf 112 Þanon untydras ealle onwocon, eotenas ond ylfe ond orcneas, swylce gigantas, þa wið Gode wunnon. The word was revived in the 20th cent. by J. R. R. Tolkien (compare quot. 1937 at main sense), probably partly after Old English orc; compare:1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Let. 25 Apr. (1995) 177 Orcs (the word is as far as I am concerned actually derived from Old English orc ‘demon’, but only because of its phonetic suitability). A devouring monster; an ogre; spec. a member of an imaginary race of subhuman creatures, small and human-like in form but having ogreish features and warlike, malevolent characters.Popularized by the novels of J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973) and now used chiefly in fantasy novels and games. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > malignant monster > [noun] > ogre orc1605 ogre1713 ogress1713 ogrillon1860 society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > creation or description of characters > specific character or creature big-endian1726 Sleeping Beauty1729 little-endian1749 small-endian1819 panjandrum1825 shock-headed Peter1848 flopsy bunny1909 Pollyanna1921 Tarzan1921 hobbit1937 orc1937 superman1938 Moomin1950 Dalek1963 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 337 Insatiate Orque, that euen at one repast, Almost all creatures in the World would waste. 1656 S. Holland Don Zara i. i. 6 Who at one stroke didst pare away three heads from off the shoulders of an Orke, begotten by an Incubus. 1854 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Oct. 380/1 The elves and the nickers, the orcs and the giants. 1865 C. Kingsley Hereward I. i. 71 But beyond, things unspeakable—dragons, giants, orcs, [etc.]. 1937 J. R. R. Tolkien Hobbit vii. 149 The slopes of the Grey Mountains..are simply stiff with goblins, hobgoblins, and orcs of the worst description. 1974 R. Helms Tolkien's World iv. 80 The Orcs are covered with hair, in part to represent their sexual voraciousness and animality. 1989 GM Nov. 56 (advt.) Choose to play an Elf, Dwarf, Orc or Human. 1992 City Limits 2 July 22/4 The heroes are the orcs, usually (and quite rightly) considered to be the scum of fantasy society. Compounds General attributive, as orc army, orc speech, etc. ΚΠ 1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring 23 With the help of the ring he escaped from the orc-guards at the gate and rejoined his companions. 1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Two Towers iii. iii. 48 Orc-speech sounded at all times full of hate and anger. a1973 J. R. R. Tolkien Silmarillion (1977) x. 96 And when Thingol came again to Menegroth he learned that the Orc-host in the west was victorious. 1994 White Dwarf Mar. 54/1 The Ork Warboss is the brains (such as they are) of an Ork army. Derivatives ˈorc-like adj. ΚΠ 1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Two Towers iii. ix. 171 He was not so obviously orc-like as most of these were. 2001 Truth (Auckland) (Nexis) 28 Dec. 7 The trouble is that many of them [sc. people attending the official Lord of the Rings party] are just too ork-like to cut the mustard. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † orcv. Forms: 1600s ork. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: orc n.² Etymology: < orc n.² Obsolete. transitive. To make an orc or monster of.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > malignant monster > [verb (transitive)] > make an ogre of orc1631 1631 P. Fletcher Sicelides sig. Fij^v I Orkt you once, and now Ile fit you for a Cupid. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹c1590n.²1605v.1631
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orcn.1

Compounds

orcn.2

Compounds

Derivatives

† orcv.

orcn.¹

orcn.²