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单词 onycha
释义

onychan.

Brit. /ˈɒnᵻkə/, U.S. /ˈɑnɪkə/
Forms: Middle English onica, Middle English onyca, late Middle English– onycha, 1600s onicha.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin onycha.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin onycha ingredient of incense consisting of the opercula of marine molluscs (Vulgate) < Hellenistic Greek ὄνυχα , accusative of ὄνυξ onyx n. (see also note below). The Greek word in the accusative occurs in the Septuagint in Exodus 30:34; in the nominative ὄνυξ in Ecclus. 24:16; in the latter case the Vulgate renders it ungula, but in the former leaves onycha in its Greek form; this, being apparently not recognized as the accusative of onyx, was treated by medieval writers as a distinct word (in post-classical Latin onica (13th cent.), onicha, treated as indeclinable or as feminine of first declension); hence in English versions of the Bible. Compare Anglo-Norman onicha, Old French onica (late 12th cent.), Old French, Middle French onique (13th cent.).This sense of Greek ὄνυξ, apparently due to the resemblance of the πῶμα κογχυλίου ‘lid of a shell’, or operculum, to a finger-nail, occurs in Dioscorides 1. 2, where also mention is made of its fragrant odour ‘resembling castor to some degree’ when burnt.
An ingredient of incense used in Mosaic ritual, consisting of the opercula of marine molluscs, which emit a penetrating aroma when burnt.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > consumables > incense > [noun] > ingredient of
onychaa1382
onyx1611
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xxx. 34 Take to þee swete smelling þingis..onycha [a1425 Royal onyca; L.V. gloss. a litil oystre smellynge sweetely], galbantum of good smell.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 251v Thimiama is a certein confeccioun most precious, y-made of onica, of stacten, of Galbanus, of thus.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xxx. 34 Take vnto thee sweete spices, Stacte, and Onicha, and Galbanum [so 1885 (R.V.); but c.f. 1535(Coverdale) Balme, Stacte, Galban, and pure franckencense] . View more context for this quotation
1732 S. D'Oyly & J. Colson tr. A. Calmet Hist. Dict. Holy Bible Onycha, or Onyx, this Word..is put for the odoriferous Nail or Shell, and for the Stone named Onyx.
1825 J. A. Hillhouse Hadad i. iii. 33 How aromatic evening grows! The flowers, And spicy shrubs exhale like onycha.
1854 C. D. Yonge tr. Philo Judaeus Wks. 138 The composition of frankincense, and galbanum, and onycha, and stacte, is a symbol of the four elements.
1865 Public Opinion 7 Jan. 19 The manufacture of perfume by mingling stacte, onycha, and galbanum with pure frankincense.
1908 ‘M. Field’ Wild Honey (title of poem) Onycha..as the silence settles, by degrees Fill with thy sweetness as a perfumed shell.
1963 E. H. Schafer Golden Peaches of Samarkand x. 175 In Chinese, onycha was called ‘plate aromatic,’ from the shape of the operculum.
1984 J. Heller God Knows xiv. 357 The fragrant, sensuous vapors of the best incense suffuse my rooms,..stacte, onycha,..and frankincense.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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