barbicann.

/ˈbɑːbɪkən/

Forms: Middle English– barbican; Middle English barbycon, berbikan, Middle English berbican, barbygan, Middle English–1500s barbycan(e, Middle English barbakane, Middle English–1600s barbacane, 1500s barbicane, 1600s barbicon.

Etymology: < French barbacane, in 12th cent. barbaquenne (= Provençal barbacana , Spanish barbacana , Portuguese barbacão , Italian barbacane ), of uncertain origin, perhaps < Arabic or Persian: barbār khānah is a possible Persian combination, meaning ‘house on the wall,’ but examples of its actual use are wanting. Devic suggests Arabic barbakh canal or channel through which water flows, whence the sense ‘loophole’ might come. Littré gives as one sense in French, ‘ouverture longue et étroite pour l'écoulement des eaux,’ but sense 1 seems to be the earliest in Old French also. Col. Yule suggests Arabic-Persian bāb-khānah ‘gate-house,’ the regular name in the east for a towered gateway; but it is not easy to derive from this the Romanic forms in bar-.

a. An outer fortification or defence to a city or castle, esp. a double tower erected over a gate or bridge; often made strong and lofty, and serving as a watchtower.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or watch-tower > barbican

barbicana1300

barmkinc1340

a1300 W. de Biblesworth in Wright Voc. 130 Barbycons, antemuralia.

c1320 Cast. Loue 697 Seue berbicans þer beoþ i-wrouht..And euerichon haþ ȝat and tour.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10033 Þe berbikans [Gött. barbicans; c1460 Laud barbycans] seuen þat es a-bute, þat standes thre bailles wit-vte..er þe seuen virtus.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xli The Erle..made bulwerkes and Barbycanys atwene the Toure and the Cytie.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. V6^v Within the Barbican a Porter sate.

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia iii. ii. 289 The Barbican whereof being a stone wall of sixteene foot in height.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. xiii. 332 The usual entrance..over which he had erected a gate-house or barbican.

figurative.1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 98 Dawn..seemed..to abstain longer than usual from occupying her eastern barbican.

b. Retained as name of a street in London.

ΚΠ

a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) ii. i. 132 A Barbican Broker will furnish me with out side.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia (at cited word) Hence Barbican by Red-cross-street in London.

†2. A temporary wooden tower or bulwark.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > temporary wooden tower

castlec1380

barbican1489

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xiv. 118 Barbakanes of tymbre shal be made fast to the batelmentes.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxviii. 161 In the grettest vesselles of werre men make towris and barbacanes.

†3. A loophole in the wall of a castle or city, through which missiles might be discharged. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > [noun] > loophole

loop1393

lancet-loupe1562

loophole1591

barbican1600

eyelet hole1774

arrow slit1789

meurtrière1802

murderess1802

shot-hole1819

arrowlet1837

arrow loop1840

eyelet1851

musket-slit1856

cross-oylet1859

shoot-hole1892

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxiv. xxxiv. 532 He caused certaine barbacanes or loopeholes, almost a cubit deep..to be pierced through the wals.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	barbican
释义	barbicann. /ˈbɑːbɪkən/ Forms: Middle English– barbican; Middle English barbycon, berbikan, Middle English berbican, barbygan, Middle English–1500s barbycan(e, Middle English barbakane, Middle English–1600s barbacane, 1500s barbicane, 1600s barbicon. Etymology: < French barbacane, in 12th cent. barbaquenne (= Provençal barbacana , Spanish barbacana , Portuguese barbacão , Italian barbacane ), of uncertain origin, perhaps < Arabic or Persian: barbār khānah is a possible Persian combination, meaning ‘house on the wall,’ but examples of its actual use are wanting. Devic suggests Arabic barbakh canal or channel through which water flows, whence the sense ‘loophole’ might come. Littré gives as one sense in French, ‘ouverture longue et étroite pour l'écoulement des eaux,’ but sense 1 seems to be the earliest in Old French also. Col. Yule suggests Arabic-Persian bāb-khānah ‘gate-house,’ the regular name in the east for a towered gateway; but it is not easy to derive from this the Romanic forms in bar-. 1. a. An outer fortification or defence to a city or castle, esp. a double tower erected over a gate or bridge; often made strong and lofty, and serving as a watchtower. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or watch-tower > barbican barbicana1300 barmkinc1340 a1300 W. de Biblesworth in Wright Voc. 130 Barbycons, antemuralia. c1320 Cast. Loue 697 Seue berbicans þer beoþ i-wrouht..And euerichon haþ ȝat and tour. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10033 Þe berbikans [Gött. barbicans; c1460 Laud barbycans] seuen þat es a-bute, þat standes thre bailles wit-vte..er þe seuen virtus. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xli The Erle..made bulwerkes and Barbycanys atwene the Toure and the Cytie. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. V6^v Within the Barbican a Porter sate. 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia iii. ii. 289 The Barbican whereof being a stone wall of sixteene foot in height. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. xiii. 332 The usual entrance..over which he had erected a gate-house or barbican. figurative.1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 98 Dawn..seemed..to abstain longer than usual from occupying her eastern barbican. b. Retained as name of a street in London. ΚΠ a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) ii. i. 132 A Barbican Broker will furnish me with out side. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia (at cited word) Hence Barbican by Red-cross-street in London. †2. A temporary wooden tower or bulwark. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > temporary wooden tower castlec1380 barbican1489 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xiv. 118 Barbakanes of tymbre shal be made fast to the batelmentes. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxviii. 161 In the grettest vesselles of werre men make towris and barbacanes. †3. A loophole in the wall of a castle or city, through which missiles might be discharged. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > [noun] > loophole loop1393 lancet-loupe1562 loophole1591 barbican1600 eyelet hole1774 arrow slit1789 meurtrière1802 murderess1802 shot-hole1819 arrowlet1837 arrow loop1840 eyelet1851 musket-slit1856 cross-oylet1859 shoot-hole1892 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxiv. xxxiv. 532 He caused certaine barbacanes or loopeholes, almost a cubit deep..to be pierced through the wals. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.a1300
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