barbarismn.

Brit.

/ˈbɑːbərɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈbɑrbəˌrɪzəm/

Etymology: < French barbarisme 13th cent., < Latin barbarismus, < Greek βαρβαρισμός ‘foreign mode of speech,’ < βαρβαρίζειν to (behave or) speak like a foreigner. The extension from language to social condition (= French barbarie, Latin barbaria, -ies) is exclusively English.

a. The use of words or expressions not in accordance with the classical standard of a language, especially such as are of foreign origin; originally the mixing of foreign words or phrases in Latin or Greek; hence, rudeness or unpolished condition of language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > corrupt language > condition of being

barbarousness1549

barbarism1578

barbarity1706

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun]

roughnessa1398

beggarliness1542

crabbedness1546

barbarousness1549

grossness1563

rusticity1565

barbarism1578

inconcinnity1616

ungracefulness1658

incuriosity1661

incomptness1669

uncouthness1672

unpoliteness1684

barbarity1706

inelegance1726

inelegancy1727

scabrousness1727

asperity1779

crudity1885

ineloquence1894

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 52 Affected with their barbarisme.

1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Barbarisme, barbarousnes, rudenes.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. 33 Amongst the faults of speech is Barbarisme.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. i. 16 The French Tongue, which then first began to purge it self from the Barbarism of past Ages.

b. A foreign or non-classical word or idiom.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > corrupt language > corrupt form

barbarism1589

corruption1699

barbarity1706

1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Epitome G j b I would not haue you claime all the skill, in Barbarismes and Solecismes vnto your self.

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. III. 254 Hee smells a Barbarisme or an incongruitie seaven miles off.

1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 194. ⁋7 Every fashionable barbarism of the present winter.

1801 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 12 223 A barbarism, then, is a fault of style originating in rudeness and ignorance; but a solecism is a fault of style originating in affectation and over-refinement.

a. Barbarous social or intellectual condition; absence of culture; uncivilized ignorance and rudeness. (The proper opposite of civilization.)

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [noun]

barbarousness1549

Barbary1564

barbarity1570

barbarism1584

incivility1584

uncivility1598

wildness1639

ferity1646

the (also a) state of nature1650

savagism1665

savagery1782

semi-barbarism1817

barbarization1822

incivilization1823

semibarbarianism1828

savagedom1844

barbarianism1854

uncivilizedness1879

uncivilization1880

bruteness1883

semi-savagedom1887

1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 388 Withdraw any people from ciuility to Barbarisme.

1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 2 Great Monarchies haue risen from Barbarisme to Ciuillitie.

1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense Let. Aristotle 79 in Scepsis Scientifica After Barbarism had overrun Rome and Athens.

c1854 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) iii. 161 The imperceptible boundary between civilisation and barbarism.

b. A trait or characteristic of such a condition.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [noun] > instance of

ferity1646

barbarism1647

brutism1845

Calibanism1859

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 101 Plundering, and other barbarismes, that raign now abroad.

1860 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1861) III. cxiv. 45 All obsolete barbarisms are coming back upon us.

1871 Daily News 15 Dec. The open gas flames..are as much a barbarism in the view of sanitary science.

†3. Barbarous cruelty; barbarity n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > barbaric

Turkishness1545

barbarousness1548

barbariousnessa1568

barbarism1603

ferity1614

Moorism1620

barbarity1685

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xxvii. 403 Some spice of that barbarisme [sc. death by torture].

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xiv. 614/2 So exquisite a barbarisme, as Richards enfamishment.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 715 Ignominously tormented and murthered, which in the Salvages, was but ignorance; but in the Spaniards, perfect Barbarisme.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	barbarism
释义	barbarismn. Brit. /ˈbɑːbərɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈbɑrbəˌrɪzəm/ Etymology: < French barbarisme 13th cent., < Latin barbarismus, < Greek βαρβαρισμός ‘foreign mode of speech,’ < βαρβαρίζειν to (behave or) speak like a foreigner. The extension from language to social condition (= French barbarie, Latin barbaria, -ies) is exclusively English. 1. a. The use of words or expressions not in accordance with the classical standard of a language, especially such as are of foreign origin; originally the mixing of foreign words or phrases in Latin or Greek; hence, rudeness or unpolished condition of language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > corrupt language > condition of being barbarousness1549 barbarism1578 barbarity1706 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun] roughnessa1398 beggarliness1542 crabbedness1546 barbarousness1549 grossness1563 rusticity1565 barbarism1578 inconcinnity1616 ungracefulness1658 incuriosity1661 incomptness1669 uncouthness1672 unpoliteness1684 barbarity1706 inelegance1726 inelegancy1727 scabrousness1727 asperity1779 crudity1885 ineloquence1894 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 52 Affected with their barbarisme. 1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Barbarisme, barbarousnes, rudenes. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. 33 Amongst the faults of speech is Barbarisme. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. i. 16 The French Tongue, which then first began to purge it self from the Barbarism of past Ages. b. A foreign or non-classical word or idiom. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > corrupt language > corrupt form barbarism1589 corruption1699 barbarity1706 1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Epitome G j b I would not haue you claime all the skill, in Barbarismes and Solecismes vnto your self. 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. III. 254 Hee smells a Barbarisme or an incongruitie seaven miles off. 1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 194. ⁋7 Every fashionable barbarism of the present winter. 1801 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 12 223 A barbarism, then, is a fault of style originating in rudeness and ignorance; but a solecism is a fault of style originating in affectation and over-refinement. 2. a. Barbarous social or intellectual condition; absence of culture; uncivilized ignorance and rudeness. (The proper opposite of civilization.) ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [noun] barbarousness1549 Barbary1564 barbarity1570 barbarism1584 incivility1584 uncivility1598 wildness1639 ferity1646 the (also a) state of nature1650 savagism1665 savagery1782 semi-barbarism1817 barbarization1822 incivilization1823 semibarbarianism1828 savagedom1844 barbarianism1854 uncivilizedness1879 uncivilization1880 bruteness1883 semi-savagedom1887 1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 388 Withdraw any people from ciuility to Barbarisme. 1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 2 Great Monarchies haue risen from Barbarisme to Ciuillitie. 1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense Let. Aristotle 79 in Scepsis Scientifica After Barbarism had overrun Rome and Athens. c1854 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) iii. 161 The imperceptible boundary between civilisation and barbarism. b. A trait or characteristic of such a condition. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [noun] > instance of ferity1646 barbarism1647 brutism1845 Calibanism1859 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 101 Plundering, and other barbarismes, that raign now abroad. 1860 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1861) III. cxiv. 45 All obsolete barbarisms are coming back upon us. 1871 Daily News 15 Dec. The open gas flames..are as much a barbarism in the view of sanitary science. †3. Barbarous cruelty; barbarity n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > barbaric Turkishness1545 barbarousness1548 barbariousnessa1568 barbarism1603 ferity1614 Moorism1620 barbarity1685 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xxvii. 403 Some spice of that barbarisme [sc. death by torture]. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xiv. 614/2 So exquisite a barbarisme, as Richards enfamishment. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 715 Ignominously tormented and murthered, which in the Salvages, was but ignorance; but in the Spaniards, perfect Barbarisme. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1578
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