batteln.

/ˈbat(ə)l/

Forms: As a separate word only in plural battels; also Middle English ? batails, 1700s battles, 1800s battells.

Etymology: Of uncertain origin: in 16th cent. Latin batilli , battilli ; in the Laudian Statutes batellae . The etymology of this, with its associated verb, and derivative batteler , has been the subject of abundant conjecture. Much depends on the original sense at Oxford: if this was ‘food, provisions,’ it is natural to connect it with battle v.³ to feed, receive nourishment; compare especially battling n.³, explained by Sherwood (1632) as ‘vivres , manger , morche .’ But conclusive evidence that battels had this sense is wanting, while already before 1600 it had that of ‘debita,’ sums due to the college for provisions, etc. The verb however appears to have been sometimes used for ‘to take or receive provisions,’ i.e. from the college buttery, which brings us close to the senses of battle v.³ ‘to feed, take nourishment.’ Compare also the Eton use, and Winchester battlings . On the other hand, battel v. 2 (if the same word) suggests the idea of contributing to a common fund or stock: compare the terms ‘commons’ and ‘commoner.’ See batteler n.Taking ‘accounts’ or ‘score’ as the original sense, some have conjectured battel to be a diminutive of bat n.² or of French batte, with sense of ‘little staff or stick,’ whence perhaps ‘tally-stick.’ But nothing appears in medieval Latin, Old French, or English, to support this conjecture. Reference to Dutch betaalen, German bezahlen ‘to pay,’ or to the possibility of batilli arising out of a misreading of bacilli ‘little sticks,’ do not fall within the limits of scientific etymology.

†1. See quot. c1475 (Perhaps a distinct word.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > other dues, taxes, or imposts > [noun]

groundagec1450

obit1468

battelc1475

consulage1589

stickpenny1601

garden penny1634

castle-guard1641

Thing-dues1886

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 76 To cry þis day..aȝennis þe multitude of lawis of þe kirk..aȝen batails, aȝen reseruacouns, aȝen furst frutis, & oþer spolingis of goodis of þe kirk.

2. In Univ. of Oxford: (a) college accounts for board and provisions supplied from the kitchen and buttery; (b) (in looser use) the whole college accounts for board and lodgings, rates, tuition, and contribution to various funds, as ‘My last term's battels came to £40’; also attributive, as battel-bills.The word has apparently undergone progressive extensions of application, owing partly to changes in the internal economy of the colleges. Some Oxford men of a previous generation state that it was understood by them to apply to the buttery accounts alone, or even to the provisions ordered from the buttery, as distinct from the ‘commons’ supplied from the kitchen: but this latter use is disavowed by others. See the quotations, and cf. those under battel v. and batteler n., which bear that battels applied in 17–18th centuries to provisions supplied to members of the college individually at their own order and cost, i.e. to battelers, who had no commons, but were charged their ‘battels’ only, and to commoners as extras ‘above the ordinary stint of their appointed commons’: but whether the battels were originally the provisions themselves, or the sums due on account of them, must at present be left undecided.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > accounts

buttery book1583

battel1706

gate-bill1803

1557 Reg. Exeter Coll. 41 Ad solvendum debita seu batillos sociorum.

1636 in J. Griffiths Statutes Univ. Oxf. under Abp. Laud (1888) ii. §4 Diligenti examinatione habita tam libri Batellarum quam Obsonatoris cujuslibet Collegii et Aulæ.]

1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 220 For sometime kept a name in y^e Buttery Book; at w^ch time Dr. Charlett was sponsor for discharge of his Battles.

1792 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 716 The word battel, which..signifies to account, and battels the College accounts in general.

1842 T. Arnold in Life & Corr. (1844) II. x. 305 Their authority might be exerted to compel payment to tradesmen with nearly the same regularity as they exact their own battells.

1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. III. xii. 225 The dinners and wine are charged in their battel bills.

1882 Spectator 18 Mar. 352 Receipts..in respect of battels, room rent and tuition fees.

3. Elsewhere: (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1805 J. H. Tooke Επεα Πτεροεντα (ed. 2) II. iv. 123 Battel—(a term used at Eton for the small portion of food which, in addition to the College allowance, the collegers receive from their Dames,).

1851 Gloss. Provinc. Words Cumberland Battles, commons or board.

a1883 A. Trollope Autobiogr. (1883) I. 13 Every boy had a shilling a week pocket-money, which we called battels [This is an error of the author: the Winchester term is battlings], and which was advanced to us out of the pocket of the second master.]

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

battelv.

Forms: Also 1500s–1800s battle.

Etymology: See battel n., and batteler n., and compare battle v.³Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈbattel.

1. In the University of Oxford: To have a kitchen and buttery account in college; to be supplied with provisions from the buttery. (For earlier use see quotations, and cf. battel n.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > supply with food [verb (intransitive)] > supply with provisions > be supplied with provisions

to have bouche of (in) courta1440

battel1570

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Civ^v/1 Battle commons, sumere.

1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) Battle (as schollers doe in Oxford), estre debteur au College pour ses vivres.

1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) App. at Battil Battle, in the University of Oxford is taken for to run on to Exceedings above the ordinary stint of the appointed Commons.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Battle (in the University of Oxford) is to take up Provision in the College-Book.

1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 145 He kept a Table there, and his Family were allow'd to battle in the Butteries.

1817 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 1st Ser. III. 86 To battle is to be nourished, a term still retained at the University of Oxford.

1884 Regul. Merton College Undergraduates who live in lodgings are charged terminally, if they battel in College, £2 5s. 6d.

†2. (?) To put into a common fund or stock. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > contribute

confer1528

battel1600

club1632

contribute1653

collate1655

1600 T. Heywood If you know not Me in Wks. (1874) I. 243 And you be a true subject, you'll battle with vs your faggot [towards making a bonfire].

1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London iii. sig. D2^v [He] slips into a Tauerne, where either alone, or with some other that battles their money together, they so plye themselues with penny pots.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	battel
释义	batteln. /ˈbat(ə)l/ Forms: As a separate word only in plural battels; also Middle English ? batails, 1700s battles, 1800s battells. Etymology: Of uncertain origin: in 16th cent. Latin batilli , battilli ; in the Laudian Statutes batellae . The etymology of this, with its associated verb, and derivative batteler , has been the subject of abundant conjecture. Much depends on the original sense at Oxford: if this was ‘food, provisions,’ it is natural to connect it with battle v.³ to feed, receive nourishment; compare especially battling n.³, explained by Sherwood (1632) as ‘vivres , manger , morche .’ But conclusive evidence that battels had this sense is wanting, while already before 1600 it had that of ‘debita,’ sums due to the college for provisions, etc. The verb however appears to have been sometimes used for ‘to take or receive provisions,’ i.e. from the college buttery, which brings us close to the senses of battle v.³ ‘to feed, take nourishment.’ Compare also the Eton use, and Winchester battlings . On the other hand, battel v. 2 (if the same word) suggests the idea of contributing to a common fund or stock: compare the terms ‘commons’ and ‘commoner.’ See batteler n.Taking ‘accounts’ or ‘score’ as the original sense, some have conjectured battel to be a diminutive of bat n.² or of French batte, with sense of ‘little staff or stick,’ whence perhaps ‘tally-stick.’ But nothing appears in medieval Latin, Old French, or English, to support this conjecture. Reference to Dutch betaalen, German bezahlen ‘to pay,’ or to the possibility of batilli arising out of a misreading of bacilli ‘little sticks,’ do not fall within the limits of scientific etymology. †1. See quot. c1475 (Perhaps a distinct word.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > other dues, taxes, or imposts > [noun] groundagec1450 obit1468 battelc1475 consulage1589 stickpenny1601 garden penny1634 castle-guard1641 Thing-dues1886 c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 76 To cry þis day..aȝennis þe multitude of lawis of þe kirk..aȝen batails, aȝen reseruacouns, aȝen furst frutis, & oþer spolingis of goodis of þe kirk. 2. In Univ. of Oxford: (a) college accounts for board and provisions supplied from the kitchen and buttery; (b) (in looser use) the whole college accounts for board and lodgings, rates, tuition, and contribution to various funds, as ‘My last term's battels came to £40’; also attributive, as battel-bills.The word has apparently undergone progressive extensions of application, owing partly to changes in the internal economy of the colleges. Some Oxford men of a previous generation state that it was understood by them to apply to the buttery accounts alone, or even to the provisions ordered from the buttery, as distinct from the ‘commons’ supplied from the kitchen: but this latter use is disavowed by others. See the quotations, and cf. those under battel v. and batteler n., which bear that battels applied in 17–18th centuries to provisions supplied to members of the college individually at their own order and cost, i.e. to battelers, who had no commons, but were charged their ‘battels’ only, and to commoners as extras ‘above the ordinary stint of their appointed commons’: but whether the battels were originally the provisions themselves, or the sums due on account of them, must at present be left undecided. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > accounts buttery book1583 battel1706 gate-bill1803 1557 Reg. Exeter Coll. 41 Ad solvendum debita seu batillos sociorum. 1636 in J. Griffiths Statutes Univ. Oxf. under Abp. Laud (1888) ii. §4 Diligenti examinatione habita tam libri Batellarum quam Obsonatoris cujuslibet Collegii et Aulæ.] 1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 220 For sometime kept a name in y^e Buttery Book; at w^ch time Dr. Charlett was sponsor for discharge of his Battles. 1792 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 716 The word battel, which..signifies to account, and battels the College accounts in general. 1842 T. Arnold in Life & Corr. (1844) II. x. 305 Their authority might be exerted to compel payment to tradesmen with nearly the same regularity as they exact their own battells. 1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. III. xii. 225 The dinners and wine are charged in their battel bills. 1882 Spectator 18 Mar. 352 Receipts..in respect of battels, room rent and tuition fees. 3. Elsewhere: (see quots.). ΚΠ 1805 J. H. Tooke Επεα Πτεροεντα (ed. 2) II. iv. 123 Battel—(a term used at Eton for the small portion of food which, in addition to the College allowance, the collegers receive from their Dames,). 1851 Gloss. Provinc. Words Cumberland Battles, commons or board. a1883 A. Trollope Autobiogr. (1883) I. 13 Every boy had a shilling a week pocket-money, which we called battels [This is an error of the author: the Winchester term is battlings], and which was advanced to us out of the pocket of the second master.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022). battelv. Forms: Also 1500s–1800s battle. Etymology: See battel n., and batteler n., and compare battle v.³Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈbattel. 1. In the University of Oxford: To have a kitchen and buttery account in college; to be supplied with provisions from the buttery. (For earlier use see quotations, and cf. battel n.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > supply with food [verb (intransitive)] > supply with provisions > be supplied with provisions to have bouche of (in) courta1440 battel1570 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Civ^v/1 Battle commons, sumere. 1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) Battle (as schollers doe in Oxford), estre debteur au College pour ses vivres. 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) App. at Battil Battle, in the University of Oxford is taken for to run on to Exceedings above the ordinary stint of the appointed Commons. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Battle (in the University of Oxford) is to take up Provision in the College-Book. 1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 145 He kept a Table there, and his Family were allow'd to battle in the Butteries. 1817 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 1st Ser. III. 86 To battle is to be nourished, a term still retained at the University of Oxford. 1884 Regul. Merton College Undergraduates who live in lodgings are charged terminally, if they battel in College, £2 5s. 6d. †2. (?) To put into a common fund or stock. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > contribute confer1528 battel1600 club1632 contribute1653 collate1655 1600 T. Heywood If you know not Me in Wks. (1874) I. 243 And you be a true subject, you'll battle with vs your faggot [towards making a bonfire]. 1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London iii. sig. D2^v [He] slips into a Tauerne, where either alone, or with some other that battles their money together, they so plye themselues with penny pots. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2021). > see also also refers to : battlebatteladj. also refers to : † battlebattelv.³ < n.c1475v.1570 see also
随便看	retailments retailor retailored retailoring retailors retailour retails retain retain and transfer retainabilities retainability retainable retainableness retainage retainal retainder retaindership retained retained object retained profit retainer retainers retainership retainerships retaining

batteln.

battelv.

> see also