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单词 off-
释义

off-prefix

In verb formations and most adjective formations, primary stress is typically retained by the element that follows the prefix. In most noun formations, such as those in senses 1c and 1d, primary stress is attracted to the prefix itself.
Forms: Old English–1500s of-, Old English–Middle English (rare) 1500s– off-; Scottish pre-1700 of-, pre-1700 1900s– af-, pre-1700 1700s– aff-, pre-1700 1700s– off-.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: off adv.; off prep.
Etymology: Partly < off adv. (compare earlier of- prefix), and partly < off prep.The adverb off occurs in combination with verbs, participial adjectives, verbal nouns, and other nouns. In earlier times, it was usually written of- (see etymological note s.v. of- prefix); but such of the Middle English compounds as survived into modern English were then written off- , which is the only form found in recent compounds. In the older verbs the collocation is fairly loose (see sense 1a); in participial adjectives the union is closer, and in verbal and other nouns, as well as more recent verbs, it has formed numerous permanent compounds. Ad hoc compounds have also been fairly frequent, expecially in verse.
1. Compounds of off adv.
a. With verbs, chiefly expressing motion away and separation. More permanent compounds include off-bear v., off-break v., off-cast v., offload v., offprint v., off-put v., off-reckon v., off-saddle v., offset v.Originally forming relatively impermanent syntactic collocations, corresponding to the more usual type of collocation consisting of verb followed by adverb. In Middle English, when standing before the verb in the infinitive, it is often hyphenated by modern editors, though usually written as a separate word in the manuscripts In early modern English, it is especially common with past participles, where the adverb is sometimes hyphenated to the verb, as is regular in sense 1b.
† off-chop v. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off
becarveOE
carvec1000
hewc1000
shredc1275
cuta1300
chapc1325
cleavec1330
off-shearc1330
withscore1340
to cut offc1380
colea1400
slivea1400
to score awayc1400
abscisea1500
discidea1513
sharea1529
off-trenchc1530
off-hewc1540
pare1549
detrench1553
slice?1560
detrunk1566
sneck1578
resect1579
shred1580
curtail1594
off-chop1594
lop?1602
disbranch1608
abscind1610
snip1611
circumcise1613
desecate1623
discerpa1628
amputate1638
absciss1639
prescind1640
notch1820
1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne v. 213 Corps whose arme and hand off chopped are.
a1618 J. Sylvester Mem. Mortalitie xli Her head shee felt with whiffing steel off-chopt.
† off-drive v. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away
feezec890
adriveeOE
aflemeeOE
off-driveeOE
flemeOE
withdrivec1000
adreveOE
to drive outOE
biwevea1300
chasec1300
void13..
catcha1325
firk1340
enchasec1380
huntc1385
to catch awayc1390
forcatch1393
to put offa1398
to cast awaya1400
to put outc1400
repel?a1439
exterminate1541
chasten1548
propulse1548
keir1562
hie1563
depulse1570
band1580
bandy1591
flit1595
ferret1601
profugate1603
extermine1634
eOE Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) iii. xxxix. 332 Seo sealf wile..þone wyrm þær on deadne gedeþ oþþe cwicne ofdrifð.
a1300 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 68 Pyne & deþ him wile of-dryue.
1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos i. C ij b With the light of torches great the darke ofdriue atones.
a1729 E. Taylor Metrical Hist. Christianity (1962) 420 Brave Alice Driver who Did when a girle off drive her fathers plough.
† off-glide v. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move progressively in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > smoothly > off or away
aglideeOE
off-glidec1450
c1450 (?a1400) Duke Rowland & Sir Otuell (1880) 475 The Nasell of his helme of-glade.
† off-hew v. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off
becarveOE
carvec1000
hewc1000
shredc1275
cuta1300
chapc1325
cleavec1330
off-shearc1330
withscore1340
to cut offc1380
colea1400
slivea1400
to score awayc1400
abscisea1500
discidea1513
sharea1529
off-trenchc1530
off-hewc1540
pare1549
detrench1553
slice?1560
detrunk1566
sneck1578
resect1579
shred1580
curtail1594
off-chop1594
lop?1602
disbranch1608
abscind1610
snip1611
circumcise1613
desecate1623
discerpa1628
amputate1638
absciss1639
prescind1640
notch1820
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xviii. 238 He..Mercna þeode & þara neahmægða, ofheawnum þy getreowleasan heafde Pendan, to gife Cristes geleafan gecerde.]
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 6474 Hondes of hew heturly fast.
† off-hurl v. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)] > away
to cast awaya1300
to throw awaya1398
voida1400
off-hurlc1540
kest1590
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 6722 His helme of hurlit & his hed bare.
1634 W. Lathum Phyala Lachrymarum 19 Thou for preferment in a better world Gav'st us the slip, and our care quite off hurl'd.
† off-quell v. [quell v.1] Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]
swevec725
quelmeOE
slayc893
quelleOE
of-falleOE
ofslayeOE
aquellc950
ayeteeOE
spillc950
beliveOE
to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE
fordoa1000
forfarea1000
asweveOE
drepeOE
forleseOE
martyrOE
to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE
bringc1175
off-quellc1175
quenchc1175
forswelta1225
adeadc1225
to bring of daysc1225
to do to deathc1225
to draw (a person) to deathc1225
murder?c1225
aslayc1275
forferec1275
to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275
martyrc1300
strangle1303
destroya1325
misdoa1325
killc1330
tailc1330
to take the life of (also fro)c1330
enda1340
to kill to (into, unto) death1362
brittena1375
deadc1374
to ding to deathc1380
mortifya1382
perisha1387
to dight to death1393
colea1400
fella1400
kill out (away, down, up)a1400
to slay up or downa1400
swelta1400
voida1400
deliverc1400
starvec1425
jugylc1440
morta1450
to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480
to put offc1485
to-slaya1500
to make away with1502
to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503
rida1513
to put downa1525
to hang out of the way1528
dispatch?1529
strikea1535
occidea1538
to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540
to fling to deathc1540
extinct1548
to make out of the way1551
to fet offa1556
to cut offc1565
to make away?1566
occise1575
spoil1578
senda1586
to put away1588
exanimate1593
unmortalize1593
speed1594
unlive1594
execute1597
dislive1598
extinguish1598
to lay along1599
to make hence1605
conclude1606
kill off1607
disanimate1609
feeze1609
to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611
to kill dead1615
transporta1616
spatch1616
to take off1619
mactate1623
to make meat of1632
to turn up1642
inanimate1647
pop1649
enecate1657
cadaverate1658
expedite1678
to make dog's meat of1679
to make mincemeat of1709
sluice1749
finisha1753
royna1770
still1778
do1780
deaden1807
deathifyc1810
to lay out1829
cool1833
to use up1833
puckeroo1840
to rub out1840
cadaverize1841
to put under the sod1847
suicide1852
outkill1860
to fix1875
to put under1879
corpse1884
stiffen1888
tip1891
to do away with1899
to take out1900
stretch1902
red-light1906
huff1919
to knock rotten1919
skittle1919
liquidate1924
clip1927
to set over1931
creasea1935
ice1941
lose1942
to put to sleep1942
zap1942
hit1955
to take down1967
wax1968
trash1973
ace1975
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6897 Herode wollde bliþeliȝ Þatt ȝunge king offcwellenn.
† off-race v. [race v.2] Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by plucking or picking
pilch?c1225
to pick offc1400
off-racea1425
off-rivea1425
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 6704 þe strenthe of hungre sal þam swa chace Þat þair awen flesshe þai sal of-race.
† off-rive v. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by plucking or picking
pilch?c1225
to pick offc1400
off-racea1425
off-rivea1425
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 7379 (MED) And þair awen flessch of-ryve and race.
† off-shake v. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by shaking
to shake out?c1225
forshakea1300
overshakec1330
to shake off1393
off-shake1576
shog1949
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 193 They not their sinnes..of shake.
1615 J. Sylvester Iob Triumphant 43 in 2nd Session Parl. Vertues Reall His Fruit, yer ripe, shall be off-shaken all.
1892 I. Zangwill Children of Ghetto II. 20 We rest not, but stand, Off-shaken our sloth.
† off-shear v. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off
becarveOE
carvec1000
hewc1000
shredc1275
cuta1300
chapc1325
cleavec1330
off-shearc1330
withscore1340
to cut offc1380
colea1400
slivea1400
to score awayc1400
abscisea1500
discidea1513
sharea1529
off-trenchc1530
off-hewc1540
pare1549
detrench1553
slice?1560
detrunk1566
sneck1578
resect1579
shred1580
curtail1594
off-chop1594
lop?1602
disbranch1608
abscind1610
snip1611
circumcise1613
desecate1623
discerpa1628
amputate1638
absciss1639
prescind1640
notch1820
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 816 (MED) A spanne of þe groin be-forn Wiþ is swerd he haþ of schoren.
?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) l. 758 And toke þe ere þat was of-shorn.
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 58 Thay ar heretikis offchorne fra ye kirk of Christ.
† off-shred v. Obsolete
ΚΠ
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 2837 Hew doun this tree, and lett if falle..And let of schreden every braunche.
† off-smite v. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > with violence > strike off
off-smitec1275
strikec1320
ofgreetc1330
swapa1375
strikec1386
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 13012 Arður..of-toc þene eotend..and þat þih him of-smat [c1300 Otho of-smot].
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 136 (MED) His hede he makyd of-Smyte.
† off-strip v. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1623 B. Jonson Time Vindicated sig. B4v If you doe their gloues off-strip.
† off-swip v. [swip v.] Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off > with a sweeping stroke
to smite offa1225
off-swipc1275
to strike offc1485
wipe1596
slash1689
to sweep off1707
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 4081 Æft he him to sweinde & þa hond him of-swipte.
† off-tear v. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > pull out or up > violently tear out or up
ruska1300
off-teara1393
ripa1400
whop14..
rivea1425
ravec1450
reavec1450
esrache1477
to plough out1591
uptear1593
outrive1598
ramp1607
upthrow1627
tear1667
to tear up1709
evulse1827
efforce1855
tear-out1976
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. 2010 (MED) He hire Pappes scholde of tere Out of hire brest.
a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) 3745 (MED) Hys Ryche A-tyre he wold haue of-torne.
† off-trench v. [trench v.] Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off
becarveOE
carvec1000
hewc1000
shredc1275
cuta1300
chapc1325
cleavec1330
off-shearc1330
withscore1340
to cut offc1380
colea1400
slivea1400
to score awayc1400
abscisea1500
discidea1513
sharea1529
off-trenchc1530
off-hewc1540
pare1549
detrench1553
slice?1560
detrunk1566
sneck1578
resect1579
shred1580
curtail1594
off-chop1594
lop?1602
disbranch1608
abscind1610
snip1611
circumcise1613
desecate1623
discerpa1628
amputate1638
absciss1639
prescind1640
notch1820
c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. Mijv His nose & earys, of trenchyd were also.
† off-turn v. Obsolete
ΚΠ
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 2590 William hent hastili þe hert & meliors þe hinde, & [a]s smartli as þei couþe þe skinnes of turned.
† off-twitch v. Obsolete
ΚΠ
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 3882 His sclauin ech palmer of twiȝte.
† off-weve v. [weve v.1] Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > from the position of being on
latcha1225
off-wevec1300
to take offa1400
to get off1577
to lay offa1593
daff1609
off1826
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 951 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 133 (MED) Þo seint thomas hadde is masse i-songue, his chesible he gan of weue.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 6873 Þer was mani heued of weued.
† off-whip v. [whip v.] Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by beheading
to lash offc1330
whipc1380
off-whipa1400
to shorten by the head1530
firkc1540
to short (a person) by the head or knees1548
neckc1712
a1400 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Egerton) l. 868 Ofwypt [c1330 Auch. Sum kniȝt Beues so ofrauȝte, Þe heued of at þe ferste drauȝte].
b. With present and past participles, forming adjectives, as off-bitten, off-shed, off-sloping, off-shooting, off-standing, etc. See also off-bearing adj., offcomed adj., offlapping adj., off-lying adj., off-putting adj., off-set adj.Such combinations are possible with any participle of suitable sense.
ΚΠ
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f.94v (MED) Olde of-fallen citees, to buylden hem newe aȝen.
1568 W. Turner Herbal iii. 43 It maye be called also Ofbiten, because a pece of the roote is biten of.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 47 The worlds whole throng of hard, wide, and off-standing bodies.
1813 S. T. Coleridge Remorse ii. i. 25 A small green dell Built all around with high off-sloping hills.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlix. 466 It has surrounded us with the off-shed fragments of the floes.
1888 C. G. Leland Pract. Educ. i. 27 An offshooting twig.
1931 in Sc. National Dict. I. 21/1 He was an affstan'in sort o' chap.
1977 W. Hildick Loop xv. 95 The knot of off-coming passengers thickened around the exit.
c. With verbal nouns, nouns of action, and agent nouns, forming nouns, as off-cutting, off-shaving, off-standing, off-tracing, off-turning; off-fall, off-hop, off-look, etc. See also off-bearer n., off-break n., off-faller n., off-falling n., off-glide n., offcut n., off-go n., offlet n., offprint n., off-putter n., offscourer n., offscouring n., offset n., etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] > refuse part of anything > cut, broken, or fallen off
paring1314
chipping?c1400
parurec1400
pare?a1425
offals1538
off-shaving1565
clipping1579
peeling1598
pinching1688
whittling1854
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [noun] > piece of > pieces cut off in making garment
off-cutting1565
cabbage1663
shaping1795
1565 J. Jewel tr. St. Paul in Replie Hardinges Answeare iv. 244 The ofshauinge of the worlde, and the vilest of al people.
1591 R. Bruce Serm. Edinb. iv. sig. H7v I haue..woven the web of my life to the off cutting.
1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 216 As it were off-scouring, or off shauinges of the intestines.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 87 Two such worlds would touch without any more ado; there being no off-standing betwixt them.
1724 R. Smith in Coll. Dying Testimonies (1806) 214 Not~withstanding of Mr. Kid's..off-fall from us.
1764 (title) Handmaid to the Arts, teaching..means of delineation by off-tracing, chalking, etc.
1871 Scribner's Monthly 2 398 A little east of our offlook, there projected..a square stupendous tower.
1881 Atlantic Monthly 48 520 The superb outlooks and offlooks from its windows and porch.
1920 J. Firth Reminisc. Orkney Parish 115 When cutting was finished the heuk hands got a specially thick spread of butter on their bread; this was called the ‘heuk butter’ or ‘aff-shearing’.
1991 Training & Professional Devel. 21/1 Mechanics of MRP [materials requirements planning] logic—bill of material, inventory status,..gross and net requirements, lead time off-setting, batching and lot sizing.
1992 Harper's Mag. Oct. 49/1 He sees Thompson try to backhand a tricky bouncer on the off-hop.
d.
(a) With other nouns, chiefly with the sense ‘lying or leading off from the main trunk, body, or area’, as in off-branch, off-corner, off-drain, off flow, off-spur, off-stream, off-street. Cf. off adv. 3. See also off-gas n., off-ramp n. Also with the sense ‘at a remove, at a distance, peripheral, subsidiary, partial, etc.’: see offbeat n., off-brand n., off-chance n., off-island n., off-rhyme n., off-verse n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > [noun] > set apart or out of the way
anglea1325
nooka1425
retreatc1500
odd corner1576
recess1611
off-corner1793
cubby1868
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater
wash1530
by-river1577
by-stream1615
float1629
slew1708
by-rilla1711
marigot1759
off-stream1793
slougha1817
spreader1845
backwater1863
by-water1863
by-channel1864
billabong1865
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > offshoot
scionc1384
explantation?a1425
sprig1575
offset1642
ramification1755
off-branch1793
offshoot1814
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > street > [noun] > side or cross
side street1617
by-street1684
return1756
off-street1793
cross-street1827
rat-run1966
1793 W. Chapman (title) Report..on the means of working Woodford River,..as an off-branch from the Lough-Erne and Ballyshannon Navigation.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 23/2 The many off-streets and alleys which may be called the tributaries to those great second-hand marts.
1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 i. 67 Crooked off-spurs of flat land.
1876 W. E. Gladstone Homeric Synchronism 224 An off-stream from the river Styx.
1884 Kendal Mercury 8 Feb. 4/7 These smaller off-drains should be flushed into the main street drain.
1890 Antiquary 22 9 In an off-room is exhibited the Hermaphrodite statue.
1896 Westm. Gaz. 4 Mar. 7/2 A very significant announcement is hid away in an off-corner of the Daily Telegraph.
1902 W. G. Hogarth Nearer East 79 The Fayum receives an off-flow of the Nile.
1937 Z. N. Hurston Their Eyes were watching God xvii. 224 He..squinched down into a chair in an off corner and din't open his mouth.
1945 R. M. Lockley Islands round Brit. 46 The off-islets of the Blaskets have their special charm.
(b) British. With nouns (and related adjectives), in reference to the sale of excisable liquors: short for ‘off the premises’. See off-licence n., off-sale n., off-trade n. and adj.
ΚΠ
1890 Times 5 June 7/2 A monopoly would be created in the ‘off’ trade similar to that which now exists in the ‘on’ trade.
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles I. iv. 40 Rolliver's inn..could only boast of an off-license;..nobody could legally drink on the premises.
1899 Daily News 19 May 8/5 That licensed houses should be closed in England throughout Sunday, except for one hour of off-sale at mid-day, and two hours of off-sale in the evening.
1982 Times 23 Aug. 11/3 The fastest-growing brand in the off-trade market.
2. Compounds of off prep. with object.
a. With nouns forming adjectives used attributively.
off-balance-sheet adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈbalənsʃiːt/
,
/ˌɒfˈbaln̩sʃiːt/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈbælənsˌʃit/
,
/ˌɑfˈbælənsˌʃit/
Business (of funds, assets, etc.) not disclosed on the balance sheet of a company; esp. designating any of various methods of acquiring funds or assets which will not appear as liabilities in financial statements (frequently in off balance sheet financing).
ΚΠ
1965 A. Rappaport in Accounting Rev. 40 375/2 These losses on ‘off balance sheet accounts’ beg the question of how there can possibly be a loss when value has never been recognized in the first place.
1975 Forbes (Nexis) 1 Jan. 35 Oil companies' published debt figures don't reflect their huge amounts of off-balance-sheet financing, such as tanker and service station leases.
1983 Wall St. Jrnl. 5 Jan. 6 (advt.) Is there a cost-effective way to use off-balance-sheet financing to strengthen financial ratios?
2002 U.S. News & World Rep. 8 Apr. 31/1 Management can turn a blue chip into a cow chip even without off-balance-sheet shenanigans.
off-budget adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈbʌdʒɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈbədʒət/
,
/ˌɑfˈbədʒət/
originally U.S. not provided for or included in the regular federal government budget; funded by sources other than the federal budget; now also with reference to the fiscal policy of other countries.
ΚΠ
1974 N.Y. Times 5 Feb. 49/4 The main body of the budget contains..a discussion of what are called off-budget Federal agencies. Some of these, like the Export-import Bank, are wholly owned by the Federal Government.
1987 Nature 22 Jan. 286/1 Off-budget agencies of the US government.
1995 Denver Post 9 Apr. d5/1 Shuster wants to grant the government's four transportation trust funds an ‘off-budget’ status akin to Social Security.
off-course adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈkɔːs/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈkɔrs/
,
/ˌɑfˈkɔrs/
situated or taking place away from a racecourse (cf. off-the-course n. at off adv., prep., n., and adj. Compounds).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [adjective] > type of betting
ante-post1865
off-track1931
off-the-course1951
off-course1960
on-course1964
on-track1964
1960 F. K. Crowley Australia's Western Third x. 356 [In Western Australia in 1954] a Betting Control Board was empowered to licence bookmakers and off-course betting shops.
2002 Financial Times 27 Jan. (Weekend Suppl.) p. xxii/1 Stephen Timms, Treasury minister, said this week the government might soon reduce betting duty so that off-course bookmakers could lower bettors' deductions.
off-design adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfdᵻˈzʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfdəˈzaɪn/
,
/ˌɔfdiˈzaɪn/
,
/ˌɑfdəˈzaɪn/
,
/ˌɑfdiˈzaɪn/
not allowed for or expected.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > [adjective] > not reckoned on
unreckoned1879
off-design1962
1962 S. L. Bragg Rocket Engines ii. 34 Its performance at off-design pressure ratios is better than that of a conventional nozzle.
1972 Lebende Sprachen 17 134/1 Motors designed for high altitude use are frequently tested under off-design conditions.
1997 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 453 670 A systematic quantitative comparison between the full model and the low-dimensional model..predictions at off-design conditions is beyond the scope of this paper.
off-farm adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈfɑːm/
,
U.S. /ˌɔ(f)ˈfɑrm/
,
/ˌɑ(f)ˈfɑrm/
produced or sold away from a farm.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > [adjective] > sold > in specific manner
retailed1611
short1849
underpriced1861
oversold1879
mass-marketed1960
off-farm1962
society > trade and finance > merchandise > article(s) to be sold > [adjective] > to be sold at specific place
off-farm1962
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 29 Mar. 66/3 Milk Board figures show that wholesale deliveries off-farms in February amounted to 144m gallons.]
1962 Economist 24 Mar. 1098/2 Target prices for off-farm dairy products..are pitched at a much lower level.
1990 Financial Rev. (Austral.) 29 Oct. 13/3 Three-quarters of Australian farmers have more than 80 per equity in their holdings and over 30 per cent earn significant off-farm income.
off-field adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈfiːld/
,
U.S. /ˌɔ(f)ˈfild/
,
/ˌɑ(f)ˈfild/
Sport situated or taking place away from the pitch or field; esp. concerning a player's private rather than professional life.
ΚΠ
1970 N.Y. Times 14 Feb. 17/2 Some ‘off-field’ activities..of Denny McLain, the American League's outstanding pitcher.., are under investigation by the office of the commissioner of baseball.
1988 J. Hunter & A. Keteyian Catfish iv. 53 A private investigator, unbeknownst to us, was hired to shadow our off-field activities.
2001 Sunday Mail (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 25 Mar. It wasn't like a football match today with all the off field stuff.
off-gold adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈɡəʊld/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈɡoʊld/
,
/ˌɑfˈɡoʊld/
(of a nation) not using the gold standard (now chiefly historical).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [adjective] > types of currency system
bimetallic1876
monometallic1877
silver1879
monometallist1886
trimetallic1887
bimetallistic1889
symmetallic1895
off-gold1935
single currency1952
1935 Economist 20 Apr. 900/2 The bulk of their trade is done with off-gold countries, and in commodities whose prices are determined by conditions in those off-gold countries.
1951 Amer. Hist. Rev. 56 315 [In 1933] the gold bloc reasserted their intention to maintain that standard [i.e. gold as the measure of foreign exchange]. The off-gold countries took note of the importance of the gold bloc intention.
2003 www.gmu.edu 10 Feb. (O.E.D. Archive) Evidence of large regime differences (between on-gold and off-gold countries) [during the Great Depression] from panel data.
off-highway adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈhʌɪweɪ/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈhaɪˌweɪ/
,
/ˌɑfˈhaɪˌweɪ/
that is off a highway; esp. of or relating to travel that is not on highways.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [adjective] > cross-country or off-road
cross-country1767
off-road1954
off-highway1961
1961 Engineering 10 Nov. 626 The problem of off-highway mobility.
2001 High Country News 29 Jan. 7/1 BLM's definition of off-highway vehicles..will now include snowmobiles, personal watercraft,..and possibly even..mountain bikes and Rollerblades.
off-ice adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈʌɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈaɪs/
,
/ˌɑfˈaɪs/
of or relating to an ice-hockey player when not engaged in a game.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > ice hockey > [adjective] > characteristics of team or player
short-handed1939
puck-shy1957
penalty killing1960
off-ice1968
1968 Globe Mag. (Toronto) 17 Feb. 5 There are now lucrative possibilities in many parts of North America for Leafs who once sold their off-ice services, personal appearances and so on very cheap.
1993 Hockey News (Toronto) 5 Feb. 13 (advt.) Off-ice training includes extensive dry-land drills, Nautilus weight training. and specialized stretching and warm-up exercises.
off-market adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈmɑːrkɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈmɑrkət/
,
/ˌɑfˈmɑrkət/
Stock Market of or relating to securities dealing carried out other than through a recognized stock exchange.
ΚΠ
1977 Age (Melbourne) 18 Jan. 15/2 The big parcel, in the form of a special (off-market) sale, changed hands on Friday after the close of trading.
1995 Daily Tel. 26 Apr. 25/6 Demand will still exist for a cheap ‘off-market’ trading method for some shares after the inauguration of the Alternative Investment Market.
off-network adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈnɛtwəːk/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈnɛtˌwərk/
,
/ˌɑfˈnɛtˌwərk/
North American Television (originally and chiefly U.S.) (originally) designating programmes not broadcast on a major national network or on stations not belonging to such a network; (now chiefly) of or designating a programme originally produced for a major national network and subsequently syndicated.
ΚΠ
1953 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 23 Dec. 13/2 CBC said today that the Queen's Christmas Day broadcast to the Commonwealth..will be broadcast..on all its networks and to off-network stations.
1969 N.Y. Times 23 Mar. ii. 28/3 The half-hour show comprises some very off-network programing [sic].
1971 Amer. Econ. Rev. 61 96/2 The program type variables also add virtually nothing to the explanation of variances in audience shares for syndicated programming (first-run and off-network shows) shown in prime time.
2004 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 10 Aug. b4 The network has prospered on the back of reruns of ‘Law & Order’ and other off-network shows.
off-pitch adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈpɪtʃ/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈpɪtʃ/
,
/ˌɑfˈpɪtʃ/
Music (of a note) not of the correct pitch.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > [adjective] > out of tune
distonedc1400
distunedc1484
mistonedc1500
untuned1592
false1597
absurd1617
mistuneda1684
off-keya1918
sour1937
off-pitch1945
1945 V. Thomson Musical Scene i. 30 The greatest master of ‘blue’, or off-pitch, notes.
1991–2 Opera Q. Winter 16 As the drunken Mariandel, Jones indulges in some whiny, off-pitch singing.
off-reservation adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfrɛzəˈveɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˌrɛzərˈveɪʃən/
,
/ˌɑfˌrɛzərˈveɪʃən/
North American located on or inhabiting land which is not part of a designated reservation for a North American Indian people.
ΚΠ
1897 F. Terry in Rev. of Reviews Mar. 306/1 The off-reservation schools take it into their hands to rename the children that come in.
1963 New Yorker 8 June 146 She needs so much to attend the off-reservation school.
1992 Utne Reader July 37/1 Tribal chariman Wendell Chino says he would place the dump on off-reservation land.
off-speed adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈspiːd/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈspid/
,
/ˌɑfˈspid/
Baseball designating a slower than usual pitch delivered with the same motion as the usual one.
ΚΠ
1951 Van Nuys (Calif.) News 6 Sept. 8 b Matt had men on base in five of the seven frames but his off-speed pitches had the opposition swinging off time.
2001 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Electronic ed.) 15 Mar. Most of Mabry's slugging has come off fastballs, but he's having trouble staying back on off-speed balls.
off-topic adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈtɒpɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈtɑpɪk/
,
/ˌɑfˈtɑpɪk/
not relevant, away from the subject in question (now frequently of material sent to an internet newsgroup).
ΚΠ
1982 Jrnl. Econ. Lit 611 Beyond these papers, the smorgasbord dissipates. There are two very good off-the-topic presentations, like Peking duck and chicken vindaloo excellently prepared in Stockholm.]
1984 Sociol. of Educ. 57 179 The teacher ignored or reprimanded off-topic interruptions across all groups but allowed more on-topic interruptions by low-group students.
1997 J. Seabrook Deeper vii. 226 This is a formal request that you stop posting off-topic material to this list.
off-track adj.
Brit. /ˌɒfˈtrak/
,
U.S. /ˌɔfˈtræk/
,
/ˌɑfˈtrɑk/
(a) that is off a main track or intended route; (b) done away from a course or track, spec. a racetrack.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [adjective] > off one's route (of landing)
off-track1931
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [adjective] > type of betting
ante-post1865
off-track1931
off-the-course1951
off-course1960
on-course1964
on-track1964
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [adjective] > away from track
off-track1931
1931 Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geographers 21 88 It seems to be the experience of companies handling large quantities of heavy or bulky materials and products, that trackside locations are more economical than off-track sites.
1956 A. J. Wallis & C. F. Blair Thunder Above (1959) i. 7 He could have deviated up into Scotland for an off-track landing at Prestwick.
1964 A. Wykes Gambling 340 Whereas the on-track betting turnover was the equivalent of $64,680,000, off-track betting brought in $65,240,000. The only legal way to make an off-track bet is through the Totalization Agency Board.
1981 Nordic Skiing Jan. 7/2 Barnett covers the gamut of cross country downhill, from equipment to all the turns needed for off-track skiing to special skiing conditions to safety considerations.
2001 Times 2 Apr. (Sport section) S3/1 The preamble to the race had been tainted by off-track events, with Tony Lees, the Minardi leader, being mugged near the circuit.
b. Prefixed to an adjective, usually the name of a colour: designating a colour that approximates to but is not identical with the colour specified, as off-black, off-green, off-yellow, etc.; esp. as off-white n. and adj. See also off-dry adj.
ΚΠ
1885 W. D. Howells Rise Silas Lapham iii. 56 White, or a little off white.]
1927 Daily Mirror 10 Dec. 16/1 Jumper suits in white, yellow, or what the Paris dressmakers call ‘off whites’ will see you through.
1930 Daily Express 8 Sept. 5 One of the new off-black shades.., a sort of unripe blackberry colour, is used for the third model.
1958 J. Betjeman Coll. Poems 250 The walls are alternately painted Off-yellow and festival mauve.
1960 Guardian 9 Dec. 8/5 A feeling for the gentler blues and off-greens.
1978 Detroit Free Press 2 Apr. 10 d (advt.) Colors included..nocturne (off-black).
2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon 99 She wore the standard off-blue boiler suit that was virtually the uniform of low to mid-level [Chinese] bureaucrats in the various government ministries.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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