oghamn.

Brit.

/ˈɒɡəm/, U.S.

/ˈɑɡ(ə)m/, Irish English

/oʊm/

Forms: 1600s– ogham, 1700s–1800s ogum, 1800s oggam, 1800s oghuim, 1800s– ogam, 1900s– oghum. Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Irish. Etymon: Irish ogham.

Etymology: < Irish ogham (Early Irish ogam , ogum ogham writing, inscription, later also ‘written language’), of uncertain origin. Sense 1 is apparently not paralleled in Irish (but compare later use in a Latin context by F. O'Molloy Grammatica (1677) 133).In medieval Irish grammars, the invention of ogham is attributed to a single individual, either Fénius Farsaid (see quot 1729 at sense 2) or Ogmae Mac Elathan , ‘a man knowledgeable in speech and poetry’. The latter may be related to the Gaulish Ogmios , who according to Lucian (2nd cent. a.d.) was the Gaulish equivalent of Heracles and associated with eloquence. However, the association of these names to each other and to the term ogham presents phonological problems. The same phonological difficulty affects a suggestion which connects the name of the script with ancient Greek ὄγμος furrow (cognate with Sanskrit ajma moving column (of troops), transit, ultimately < an Indo-European base with the sense ‘to drive’ that gives rise to classical Latin agere (see act v.), ancient Greek ἄγειν : see agon n.), based on the Latin and Greek metaphorical use of ‘furrow’ for a line of writing. This may, however, be the etymology of Gaulish Ogmios . Another view derives the word from Early Irish og point (of a weapon), with reference to the method of incising the script on to stone, which has parallels in the semantic history of classical Latin scrībere (see scribe n.¹) and English write v. The second syllable remains unexplained. For a more detailed discussion, see D. McManus A Guide to Ogam (1991). The form oghuim reflects an oblique form in Irish.

†1. A mode of speech used by the ancient Irish. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Celtic > Goidelic > Irish > varieties of

ogham1661

Shelta1880

bog Latin1891

1661 C. Mageoghegan tr. Ann. Clonmacnois (BL MS Add. 4817) f. 147 Morish m^cGibellan,..an excellent Poett in Irish, and an excellent eloquent and exact speaker of the speech, which in Irish is called Ogham.

2. An ancient British and Irish writing system using twenty or (in Ireland) twenty-five characters; any of these characters, consisting of a line or a group of two to five parallel lines marked alongside, or obliquely or perpendicularly across, a continuous line or the edge of a stone (usually in plural). Also: an inscription written in this system.The system has been used more recently as a cipher.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > system of writing > alphabet > [noun] > ogham

ogham1729

ogmic1882

1729 T. Innes Crit. Ess. Anc. Inhabitants Scotl. II. 445 That the first author..was Fenius-Farsaidh, who composed..the alphabets of the Hebrews, Greeks and Latins; the Bethluisnion, and the Ogum.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature V. 77 The Ogham was the sacred character of the Druids.

1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 3 Another example of an Irish character called a virgular ogham.

1863 D. Wilson Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. (ed. 2) II. iv. ii. 212 The Newton Stone oghams have hitherto baffled all attempts at interpretation.

1877 J. Rhŷs Lect. Welsh Philol. vi. 272 Monuments in Ogam are known only in the British Isles.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 729/1 Besides the collections of ogams by Brash..and Ferguson,..a new collection..is in the course of publication.

1959 C. L. Wrenn Word & Symbol (1967) 17 Oghams and Runes came into use at about the same period.

1995 J. Drucker Alphabetic Labyrinth (1999) v. 117 Ogham never reached the same degree of development as a communicative script as Runes did.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

1784 T. Astle Origin & Progress Writing vi. 180 King Charles I corresponded with the Earl of Glamorgan when in Ireland, in the Ogham cipher.

1814 W. Scott Waverley II. v. 90 Detecting the Oggam character..upon the key-stones of a vault.

1861 E. O'Curry Lect. MS Materials 464 Monumental stones with Oghuim characters and words.

1946 D. A. Binchy & O. Bergin tr. R. Thurneysen Gram. Old Irish 10 The ogam alphabet was still understood throughout the Middle Ages.

1990 Independent 1 May 19/2 The Irish-American's paraphenalia—Perspex ogham stones, genealogical wall charts, [etc.].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	ogham
释义	oghamn. Brit. /ˈɒɡəm/, U.S. /ˈɑɡ(ə)m/, Irish English /oʊm/ Forms: 1600s– ogham, 1700s–1800s ogum, 1800s oggam, 1800s oghuim, 1800s– ogam, 1900s– oghum. Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Irish. Etymon: Irish ogham. Etymology: < Irish ogham (Early Irish ogam , ogum ogham writing, inscription, later also ‘written language’), of uncertain origin. Sense 1 is apparently not paralleled in Irish (but compare later use in a Latin context by F. O'Molloy Grammatica (1677) 133).In medieval Irish grammars, the invention of ogham is attributed to a single individual, either Fénius Farsaid (see quot 1729 at sense 2) or Ogmae Mac Elathan , ‘a man knowledgeable in speech and poetry’. The latter may be related to the Gaulish Ogmios , who according to Lucian (2nd cent. a.d.) was the Gaulish equivalent of Heracles and associated with eloquence. However, the association of these names to each other and to the term ogham presents phonological problems. The same phonological difficulty affects a suggestion which connects the name of the script with ancient Greek ὄγμος furrow (cognate with Sanskrit ajma moving column (of troops), transit, ultimately < an Indo-European base with the sense ‘to drive’ that gives rise to classical Latin agere (see act v.), ancient Greek ἄγειν : see agon n.), based on the Latin and Greek metaphorical use of ‘furrow’ for a line of writing. This may, however, be the etymology of Gaulish Ogmios . Another view derives the word from Early Irish og point (of a weapon), with reference to the method of incising the script on to stone, which has parallels in the semantic history of classical Latin scrībere (see scribe n.¹) and English write v. The second syllable remains unexplained. For a more detailed discussion, see D. McManus A Guide to Ogam (1991). The form oghuim reflects an oblique form in Irish. †1. A mode of speech used by the ancient Irish. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Celtic > Goidelic > Irish > varieties of ogham1661 Shelta1880 bog Latin1891 1661 C. Mageoghegan tr. Ann. Clonmacnois (BL MS Add. 4817) f. 147 Morish m^cGibellan,..an excellent Poett in Irish, and an excellent eloquent and exact speaker of the speech, which in Irish is called Ogham. 2. An ancient British and Irish writing system using twenty or (in Ireland) twenty-five characters; any of these characters, consisting of a line or a group of two to five parallel lines marked alongside, or obliquely or perpendicularly across, a continuous line or the edge of a stone (usually in plural). Also: an inscription written in this system.The system has been used more recently as a cipher. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > system of writing > alphabet > [noun] > ogham ogham1729 ogmic1882 1729 T. Innes Crit. Ess. Anc. Inhabitants Scotl. II. 445 That the first author..was Fenius-Farsaidh, who composed..the alphabets of the Hebrews, Greeks and Latins; the Bethluisnion, and the Ogum. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature V. 77 The Ogham was the sacred character of the Druids. 1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 3 Another example of an Irish character called a virgular ogham. 1863 D. Wilson Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. (ed. 2) II. iv. ii. 212 The Newton Stone oghams have hitherto baffled all attempts at interpretation. 1877 J. Rhŷs Lect. Welsh Philol. vi. 272 Monuments in Ogam are known only in the British Isles. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 729/1 Besides the collections of ogams by Brash..and Ferguson,..a new collection..is in the course of publication. 1959 C. L. Wrenn Word & Symbol (1967) 17 Oghams and Runes came into use at about the same period. 1995 J. Drucker Alphabetic Labyrinth (1999) v. 117 Ogham never reached the same degree of development as a communicative script as Runes did. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ 1784 T. Astle Origin & Progress Writing vi. 180 King Charles I corresponded with the Earl of Glamorgan when in Ireland, in the Ogham cipher. 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. v. 90 Detecting the Oggam character..upon the key-stones of a vault. View more context for this quotation 1861 E. O'Curry Lect. MS Materials 464 Monumental stones with Oghuim characters and words. 1946 D. A. Binchy & O. Bergin tr. R. Thurneysen Gram. Old Irish 10 The ogam alphabet was still understood throughout the Middle Ages. 1990 Independent 1 May 19/2 The Irish-American's paraphenalia—Perspex ogham stones, genealogical wall charts, [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1661
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