obbligatoadj.n.adv.

Brit.

/ˌɒblᵻˈɡɑːtəʊ/, U.S.

/ˌɑbləˈɡɑdoʊ/

Inflections: Plural obbligatos, obbligati Brit.

/ˌɒblᵻˈɡɑːtiː/, U.S.

/ˌɑbləˈɡɑdi/;

Forms: 1700s– obligato, 1800s– obbligato.

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian obbligato.

Etymology: < Italian obbligato, †obligato essential to a musical composition (1720), specific use of the past participle of obbligare , †obligare (13th cent.) < classical Latin obligāre oblige v. N.E.D. (1902) also gives the non-naturalized pronunciation (obbligā·to) /obbliˈɡato/.

Music.

A. adj. (occasionally as postmodifier).

1. Originally: designating a part which is subordinate to the principal melody, but nevertheless essential to the completeness of a composition and not to be omitted (cf. ad libitum adv.); (in later use also, more generally) designating any prominent instrumental part, usually one which is nevertheless subordinate to the principal melody; (also) designating an instrument on which such a part is played. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adjective] > accompaniment > as integral part of work

obbligato1740

1724 Short Explic. Foreign Words Musick Bks. 50 Obligata Necessary, Expressly, or on Purpose.

1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Obligata, signifies..on purpose, or necessary; as a doi violin obligati, on purpose for two Violins.]

1740 J. Grassineau tr. S. De Brossard Musical Dict. 163 We also say, the bass is obligato, when it is only a ground of a certain number of bars, which are to be repeated over and over.

1794 T. Holcroft Adventures Hugh Trevor II. iv. 50 We..played with might and main during the first thirty or forty bars, till the obligato part came, in which Miss was to exhibit her powers.

1830 Times 16 Oct. 3/1 A kind of siege, which lasted four days, to the music of cannon and musketry, with an obligato accompaniment of the tocsin.

1862 Harper's Mag. June 45/2 Then the same voice executed a rapid roll of all the house servants, accompanied by execrations obligato.

1878 E. J. Hopkins in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 20 An accompaniment may be either ‘Ad libitum’ or ‘Obligato’... It is said to be Obligato when..it forms an integral part of the composition.

1942 S. de B. Taylor Chorale Preludes J. S. Bach vi. 86 After line 6 they are not concerned any more with the C.F., but play another underived obbligato part in the final eight bars.

1959 Collins Mus. Encycl. 706/1 Violoncello piccolo,..a small-sized cello for which Bach wrote obbligato parts in 9 of his cantatas.

1981 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 26 July ii. 23/1 My own misty snapshots of coastal New England..are atmospherically augmented by tapes of seagulls crying to an obbligato surf, with time marked by the distant buoy bell at the harbor pier.

1990 Opera Now May 78/9 The nine arias (one with obbligato flute, another with ‘kithara’—i.e. mandolin) are well served by Isabelle Poulenard's neat, limpid soprano.

2. Indispensable; forced, compulsory; (also) prominent.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] > done, produced, or obtained by compulsion

threata1400

constraintc1430

compelled1541

compulsed1541

violent?1550

extorted1552

wrested1565

coacted1570

enforced1576

forced1576

compulsory1581

commandeda1586

coactive1596

infortiate1601

extortious1602

coact1610

compulsive1611

exacted1618

necessitous1632

violented1641

necessary1655

on-forced1656

commandatorya1659

extorsive1669

compellable1677

compulsatory1748

obbligato1780

coerced1877

mandatory1891

shotgun1937

1780 J. B. Burges Heroic Epistle from Serjeant Bradshaw 8 Laughters, unheard till now, complete the brawl, Thy obligato voice surmounts them all!

1798 T. J. Mathias Pursuits of Lit.: Pt. IV (ed. 7) 342 And with Raimondi's fire, and warlike art, Play'd some French General's obligato part.

1821 New Monthly Mag. 2 326 The laugh obligato or forced..the laugh reluctant or equivocatory.

1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 13 Apr. (1954) III. 405 Don't think about reading Silas Marner, just because it is come out. I hate obligato reading and obligato talk about my books.

2002 Organization Stud. (Nexis) 23 845 They avoid the obbligato third way between such dichotomies by sketching a framework for reflective research in four levels.

B. n.

An obbligato part or accompaniment, esp. one of particular prominence or virtuosity. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [noun] > that which accompanies

purtenancea1382

accessory1429

retinue?a1439

accessaryc1475

companion1533

annexe?1541

hanger-ona1555

supply1567

copemate1581

complement1586

fere1593

adjective1597

annexment1604

annexary1605

attendant1607

adherence1610

adjacent1610

wife1616

fellower1620

coincident1626

attendancy1654

associate1658

appanage1663

conjunct1667

perquisite1667

familiar1668

satellite1702

accompaniment1709

accompanying1761

side dish1775

obbligato1825

shadow1830

rider1859

gadget1917

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [noun] > accompaniment

accompaniment1697

obbligato1825

Alberti bass1845

vamp1882

backing1940

comp1946

comping1949

1825 Times 14 Mar. 2/3 (advt.) Madame Catalani's Last Concert But One... Programme... Trumpet obligato, Mr Harpur.

1861 Times 26 Aug. He has furnished a sort of ‘obbligato’, or independent part.

1873 Appleton's Jrnl. 8 Feb. 216 Along with the falling power of a decaying papacy there goes..a reassertion of papal infallibility with emphatic obligato from a council.

1888 R. Kipling Departm. Ditties (ed. 3) 58 A Wagner obbligato, scherzo, double-hand staccato, Played..by the clacking tonga-bar.

1920 G. S. Maxwell Motor Launch Patrol ix. 151 Above all the voice of the siren—the famous Mournful Mary—kept up a moaning obbligato.

1955 Times 21 May 6/5 Lady Megan..was wreathed in smiles and her chuckle was a frequent obbligato.

1967 B. Took & M. Feldman in B. Took & M. Coward Best of ‘Round The Horne’ (2000) 3rd Ser. Programme 13. 154/2 As she sang, young Bix played behind her supplementing catch phrase with his tender obligatos.

1990 Classic CD July 78/1 Popa, the clarinettist in the Concerto in D major, gives a forthright performance but is so close-miked that escaping air contributes an unwanted obbligato.

C. adv.

In the manner or by way of an obbligato; so as to provide or constitute an obbligato; (more generally) as expected or needed. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adverb]

obbligatoa1894

a1894 R. L. Stevenson Coll. Poems (1950) 62 As he sings and travels With lingering, laggard foot, Despair plays obligato The sentimental flute.

1916 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 36 88 The princess..hears dismal wailings and moanings... Needless to say a daring prince turns up obligato, and finds that the wails come from the soul of a usurer.

1973 A. Curnow Early Days Yet (1997) 138 An innumerable company Of the heavenly host crying Rhubarb rhubarb rhubarb rhubarb With obbligato innumerable other Syllables in several languages, Some dead.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	obbligato
释义	obbligatoadj.n.adv. Brit. /ˌɒblᵻˈɡɑːtəʊ/, U.S. /ˌɑbləˈɡɑdoʊ/ Inflections: Plural obbligatos, obbligati Brit. /ˌɒblᵻˈɡɑːtiː/, U.S. /ˌɑbləˈɡɑdi/; Forms: 1700s– obligato, 1800s– obbligato. Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian obbligato. Etymology: < Italian obbligato, †obligato essential to a musical composition (1720), specific use of the past participle of obbligare , †obligare (13th cent.) < classical Latin obligāre oblige v. N.E.D. (1902) also gives the non-naturalized pronunciation (obbligā·to) /obbliˈɡato/. Music. A. adj. (occasionally as postmodifier). 1. Originally: designating a part which is subordinate to the principal melody, but nevertheless essential to the completeness of a composition and not to be omitted (cf. ad libitum adv.); (in later use also, more generally) designating any prominent instrumental part, usually one which is nevertheless subordinate to the principal melody; (also) designating an instrument on which such a part is played. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adjective] > accompaniment > as integral part of work obbligato1740 1724 Short Explic. Foreign Words Musick Bks. 50 Obligata Necessary, Expressly, or on Purpose. 1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Obligata, signifies..on purpose, or necessary; as a doi violin obligati, on purpose for two Violins.] 1740 J. Grassineau tr. S. De Brossard Musical Dict. 163 We also say, the bass is obligato, when it is only a ground of a certain number of bars, which are to be repeated over and over. 1794 T. Holcroft Adventures Hugh Trevor II. iv. 50 We..played with might and main during the first thirty or forty bars, till the obligato part came, in which Miss was to exhibit her powers. 1830 Times 16 Oct. 3/1 A kind of siege, which lasted four days, to the music of cannon and musketry, with an obligato accompaniment of the tocsin. 1862 Harper's Mag. June 45/2 Then the same voice executed a rapid roll of all the house servants, accompanied by execrations obligato. 1878 E. J. Hopkins in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 20 An accompaniment may be either ‘Ad libitum’ or ‘Obligato’... It is said to be Obligato when..it forms an integral part of the composition. 1942 S. de B. Taylor Chorale Preludes J. S. Bach vi. 86 After line 6 they are not concerned any more with the C.F., but play another underived obbligato part in the final eight bars. 1959 Collins Mus. Encycl. 706/1 Violoncello piccolo,..a small-sized cello for which Bach wrote obbligato parts in 9 of his cantatas. 1981 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 26 July ii. 23/1 My own misty snapshots of coastal New England..are atmospherically augmented by tapes of seagulls crying to an obbligato surf, with time marked by the distant buoy bell at the harbor pier. 1990 Opera Now May 78/9 The nine arias (one with obbligato flute, another with ‘kithara’—i.e. mandolin) are well served by Isabelle Poulenard's neat, limpid soprano. 2. Indispensable; forced, compulsory; (also) prominent. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] > done, produced, or obtained by compulsion threata1400 constraintc1430 compelled1541 compulsed1541 violent?1550 extorted1552 wrested1565 coacted1570 enforced1576 forced1576 compulsory1581 commandeda1586 coactive1596 infortiate1601 extortious1602 coact1610 compulsive1611 exacted1618 necessitous1632 violented1641 necessary1655 on-forced1656 commandatorya1659 extorsive1669 compellable1677 compulsatory1748 obbligato1780 coerced1877 mandatory1891 shotgun1937 1780 J. B. Burges Heroic Epistle from Serjeant Bradshaw 8 Laughters, unheard till now, complete the brawl, Thy obligato voice surmounts them all! 1798 T. J. Mathias Pursuits of Lit.: Pt. IV (ed. 7) 342 And with Raimondi's fire, and warlike art, Play'd some French General's obligato part. 1821 New Monthly Mag. 2 326 The laugh obligato or forced..the laugh reluctant or equivocatory. 1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 13 Apr. (1954) III. 405 Don't think about reading Silas Marner, just because it is come out. I hate obligato reading and obligato talk about my books. 2002 Organization Stud. (Nexis) 23 845 They avoid the obbligato third way between such dichotomies by sketching a framework for reflective research in four levels. B. n. An obbligato part or accompaniment, esp. one of particular prominence or virtuosity. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [noun] > that which accompanies purtenancea1382 accessory1429 retinue?a1439 accessaryc1475 companion1533 annexe?1541 hanger-ona1555 supply1567 copemate1581 complement1586 fere1593 adjective1597 annexment1604 annexary1605 attendant1607 adherence1610 adjacent1610 wife1616 fellower1620 coincident1626 attendancy1654 associate1658 appanage1663 conjunct1667 perquisite1667 familiar1668 satellite1702 accompaniment1709 accompanying1761 side dish1775 obbligato1825 shadow1830 rider1859 gadget1917 society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [noun] > accompaniment accompaniment1697 obbligato1825 Alberti bass1845 vamp1882 backing1940 comp1946 comping1949 1825 Times 14 Mar. 2/3 (advt.) Madame Catalani's Last Concert But One... Programme... Trumpet obligato, Mr Harpur. 1861 Times 26 Aug. He has furnished a sort of ‘obbligato’, or independent part. 1873 Appleton's Jrnl. 8 Feb. 216 Along with the falling power of a decaying papacy there goes..a reassertion of papal infallibility with emphatic obligato from a council. 1888 R. Kipling Departm. Ditties (ed. 3) 58 A Wagner obbligato, scherzo, double-hand staccato, Played..by the clacking tonga-bar. 1920 G. S. Maxwell Motor Launch Patrol ix. 151 Above all the voice of the siren—the famous Mournful Mary—kept up a moaning obbligato. 1955 Times 21 May 6/5 Lady Megan..was wreathed in smiles and her chuckle was a frequent obbligato. 1967 B. Took & M. Feldman in B. Took & M. Coward Best of ‘Round The Horne’ (2000) 3rd Ser. Programme 13. 154/2 As she sang, young Bix played behind her supplementing catch phrase with his tender obligatos. 1990 Classic CD July 78/1 Popa, the clarinettist in the Concerto in D major, gives a forthright performance but is so close-miked that escaping air contributes an unwanted obbligato. C. adv. In the manner or by way of an obbligato; so as to provide or constitute an obbligato; (more generally) as expected or needed. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adverb] obbligatoa1894 a1894 R. L. Stevenson Coll. Poems (1950) 62 As he sings and travels With lingering, laggard foot, Despair plays obligato The sentimental flute. 1916 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 36 88 The princess..hears dismal wailings and moanings... Needless to say a daring prince turns up obligato, and finds that the wails come from the soul of a usurer. 1973 A. Curnow Early Days Yet (1997) 138 An innumerable company Of the heavenly host crying Rhubarb rhubarb rhubarb rhubarb With obbligato innumerable other Syllables in several languages, Some dead. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.adv.1740
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