† ockern.¹

Forms: Middle English hoker, Middle English occar (in a late copy), Middle English occoure (in a late copy), Middle English occur, Middle English occurre (in a late copy), Middle English ocur, Middle English okere, Middle English okire, Middle English okre, Middle English okur, Middle English okure, Middle English okyr, Middle English okyre, Middle English–1500s okir, Middle English–1500s okker, Middle English–1500s (1700s English regional (northern)) oker, 1500s ockre, 1500s–1600s ocker; Scottish pre-1700 occour, pre-1700 occoure, pre-1700 occre, pre-1700 ockar, pre-1700 ockir, pre-1700 ockre, pre-1700 ocre, pre-1700 oker, pre-1700 okere, pre-1700 okir, pre-1700 okire, pre-1700 okker, pre-1700 okyr, pre-1700 1700s ocker. N.E.D. (1902) also records forms late Middle English occure, late Middle English okoure.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic okr usury, Old Swedish oker interest, usury (Swedish ocker ), Danish åger ), probably either a borrowing < or cognate with Old Saxon wōkar (Middle Low German wōker ) interest, itself cognate with Old English wōcor , wōcer increase, offspring, usury, Old Frisian wōker interest, usury, Middle Dutch woeker , woekere usury, debt, lending bank (Dutch woeker usury), Old High German wuohhar yield, offspring, profit, usury, (Middle High German wuocher , German Wucher profiteering, usury), Gothic wōkrs interest, returns, probably < an ablaut variant (lengthened grade) of the Indo-European base of eche v.; compare wax v.¹Old English wōcor, wōcer does not survive into Middle English.

Usually derogatory. Obsolete. Chiefly Scottish in later use.

The lending of money at (excessive) interest, usury; interest gained from this.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > moneylending at interest

ocker?c1225

gavellingc1250

usury1303

usurea1325

lendinga1340

ockeringa1400

usea1450

usance1539

feneration1598

gombeen1862

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 241 Sunneis þe deofles fech þet he ȝeuet to gauele. & þe [read te] oker of pine & eauer se mon lið lengre in his sunne. se þe gauel waxeð of pine in purgatoire.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 105 Þe Vox of ȝisceunge haueð þeose hwelpes..Gauel. Oker.

J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) 92 (MED) Covatise..is principaly done opon twyn wise: Ane is wrangwisely to gete any thing..Als be..Stalthe, falshede, or oker.

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xiv. 6 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 146 Ne his siluer til okir noght es giuande.

a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) 372 Vsure and okere þat beth al on.

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 88^v To do okire, ffenerare..vsurari.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) liv. 11 In thaim failis not okire, for thai aske mare in all thyngis than thai gif.

?a1525 (?a1475) Mandeville & Sultan 30 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 156 (MED) In lichery like bestes ar they, In occar, falshed and robbare.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. xi. 167 Þis dett þat he was awand be non-payment was ay duplyit on him be vsure and okkir.

1576 Breadalbane Ct. Bk. 19 It is ordinit that..hyre siluer is ockir and aganis the lawis.

1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione at Vadium Be the aulde law of this Realme, is called ocker and vsurie.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Prov. xxviii. 8 He that heapeth together riches by usuries and ocker.

a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) III. 14 Did wickedly receive some gaines and filthy Ocker.

1715 A. Pennecuik Curious Coll. Scotish Poems in Geogr., Hist. Descr. Tweeddale App. 97 I borrow Silver dear for Ocker, To them that are in Debt and Grief.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

ockern.²adj.

Brit.

/ˈɒkə/, U.S.

/ˈɑkər/, Australian English

/ˈɔkə/

Forms: 1900s– ocker, 1900s– okker. Also with capital initial.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Ocker.

Etymology: < Ocker, pet form of the male forename Oscar (see Oscar n.²). Compare earlier Oscar n.²Popularized as the name of a character in a series of Australian television sketches by Ron Frazer (1924–83) shown on the The Mavis Bramston Show between 1965 and 1968.

Australian slang.

A. n.²

A rough, uncultivated, or aggressively boorish Australian man (esp. as a stereotype).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Antipodes > native or inhabitant of Australia > [noun] > types of

myall1818

whitefellow1834

Mongolian1859

New Australian1905

New Australian1926

munjon1945

Naussie1947

ocker1971

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > unrefined manners or behaviour > person

bearc1395

carter1509

kensy?a1513

clumpertonc1534

club1542

lout1548

clinchpoop1555

clout-shoe1563

loose-breech1575

clown1583

hoyden1593

boor1598

kill-courtesy1600

rustic1600

clunch1602

loblolly1604

camel1609

clusterfist1611

loon1619

Grobian1621

rough diamonda1625

hoyde1636

clodhopper1699

roughhead1726

indelicate1741

vulgarian1809

snob1838

vulgarist1847

yahoo1861

cave-dweller1865

polisson1866

mucker1884

caveman1907

wampus1912

yobbo1922

yenta1923

yob1927

rude1946

cafone1949

no-neck1961

ocker1971

1959 D. Niland Big Smoke vii. 169 The woman giggled... ‘Come on, what about it?’ Ocker shook his head, grinning. ‘I'd like to oblige, but I can't... It's in me contract, no leaving the job for a naughty.’]

1971 G. Johnston Cartload of Clay 71 The big man would be a good player, a vigorous clubman, a hearty participant in the companionship of the club bar. He was a type Julian had sometimes talked to him about, what the boy called an ‘Ocker’.

1974 Sydney Morning Herald 24 Apr. 6 That image, of the RSL itself..and of RSL members themselves as beer-swilling, ‘pokey-playing’ Ockers, has, executives believe, faded if not totally evaporated.

1981 B. Dickens Gift of Gab 28 Huge mobs of Orange-Fanta ockers queueing up for beach tickets.

1989 Homes & Gardens Dec. 199/3 The bride's mother is worrying..about her son, who is doing a splendid job as MC. ‘He's such an ocker’, she whispers apologetically.

B. adj. (attributive).

Characterized by or displaying the behaviour of an ocker.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined

boistousc1300

untheweda1325

uplandisha1387

unaffiled1390

rudea1393

knavishc1405

peoplisha1425

clubbedc1440

blunt1477

lob?1507

robust1511

borel1513

carterly1519

clubbish1530

rough?1531

rustical?1532

incondite1539

agrestc1550

rusticc1550

brute1555

lobcocka1556

loutisha1556

carterlike1561

boorish1562

ruggedc1565

lobbish1567

loutlike1567

sowish1570

clownish1581

unrefined1582

impolished1583

homespun1590

transalpinea1592

swaddish1593

unpolished1594

untutored1595

swabberly1596

tartarous1602

porterly1603

lobcocked1606

lob-like1606

cluster-fisted1611

agrestic1617

inurbane1623

unelevated1627

incult1628

unbrushed1640

vulgar1643

unhewed1644

unsmooth1648

hirsute1658

loutardly1658

unhewn1659

roughsome?c1660

sordid1668

inhumanea1680

coarse1699

brutal1709

ramgunshoch1721

tramontane1740

uncouth1740

no-nationa1756

unurbane1760

turnipy1792

rudas1802

common1804

cubbish1819

clodhopping1828

vulgarian1833

cloddish1844

unkempt1846

bush1851

vulgarish1860

rodney1866

crude1876

ignorant1886

yobby1910

nekulturny1932

oikish1959

yobbish1966

ocker1972

down and dirty1977

1972 Australian Post (Melbourne) 30 Nov. 4/1 An accent only a shade less Strine than his Ocker alter ego.

a1985 Punch in Pick of Punch (1985) 140/1 Taking umbrage is ocker.

1990 Vogue Sept. 202 With all this surf gear imagery, it's hardly surprising that Newson's ‘ocker’ Bondi Beach image persists.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ockerv.

Brit.

/ˈɒkə/, U.S.

/ˈɑkər/, Scottish English

/ˈɔkər/

Forms: Middle English occir, Middle English occur, Middle English ocur, Middle English okere, Middle English okur, Middle English–1500s oker; Scottish pre-1700 ocker, pre-1700 (1900s– Shetland) oker, 1800s okkir (Shetland and Orkney).

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ocker n.¹

Etymology: < ocker n.¹ Compare Icelandic okra, Old Swedish okra (Swedish ockra), Danish ågre to practice usury, and also Middle Dutch woekeren, woukeren, wokeren (Dutch woekeren), Old Saxon wōkrian (Middle Low German wokeren), Old High German wuohharōn, wuohharēn to grow, to profiteer (Middle High German wuochern to bear fruit, grow, to earn, to profiteer, German wuchern to proliferate, to profiteer).

Now Scottish. rare.

†1. intransitive. To increase with, or as with, the addition of interest (used figuratively of punishment). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (intransitive)] > accumulate or accrue (of money) > as or with interest

ocker?c1225

multiplyc1450

brood1678

accrue1802

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 241 Niȝe þinges beoð þet achten hiȝe to schrift. þe pine þet okereð [a1300 Caius okered] [etc.].

a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 138 On is þe pyne þat okereþ, for synne is þe deuels gouel þat he ȝeueþ to oker.

†2. intransitive. To lend at interest, to practise usury. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > lend money [verb (intransitive)] > at interest

ockera1382

gavel1382

usure1530

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxviii. 12 Þou shalt okere to many folkys, & þy self shalt not borwe to oker of eny man.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 260 (MED) God okuriþ not wiþ man, but ȝif God make þe encrees.

3. transitive. Originally: to increase (money) by usury; to put out to interest. Later: to increase (a thing) in value or price (now Shetland). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > lend (money) [verb (transitive)] > lend at interest

lenda900

ockera1382

to set out1533

to lend out (or forth)1549

bank1567

to put forth1572

leta1605

to let outa1616

usure1620

fenerate1623

loan1740

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxiii. 19 Þou shalt not okere [a1425 L.V. leene; L. fænerabis] to þy broþer at vsur monee ne frutees, ne eny oþer þyng bote to an aliene.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2621 (MED) A nyȝt, when men hadde here reste, he okered pens yn hys cheste.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 259 Whi ȝavest þou not my moneie to þe table, to be occurid?

1908 J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland at Okr De laird is (‘has’) okerd de rent.

Derivatives

† ockering n. Obsolete the taking of interest, usury.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > moneylending at interest

ocker?c1225

gavellingc1250

usury1303

usurea1325

lendinga1340

ockeringa1400

usea1450

usance1539

feneration1598

gombeen1862

a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Knight who did Penance among Worms (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Okering(e This catel gat he wit okering.

c1450 in Mediaeval Stud. (1955) 17 230 (MED) Þe thride maner of okure kyde Is..qwen a mon ȝeldes a þing Þat his frendes wan here in okerrynge And þai be passed oute of þis lyue.

1594 Let. 20 Jan. in Aberd. Council Lett. (1942) I. 57 For ockering, transporting of forbiddin guids.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹?c1225

n.²adj.1971

v.?c1225

单词	ocker
释义	† ockern.¹ Forms: Middle English hoker, Middle English occar (in a late copy), Middle English occoure (in a late copy), Middle English occur, Middle English occurre (in a late copy), Middle English ocur, Middle English okere, Middle English okire, Middle English okre, Middle English okur, Middle English okure, Middle English okyr, Middle English okyre, Middle English–1500s okir, Middle English–1500s okker, Middle English–1500s (1700s English regional (northern)) oker, 1500s ockre, 1500s–1600s ocker; Scottish pre-1700 occour, pre-1700 occoure, pre-1700 occre, pre-1700 ockar, pre-1700 ockir, pre-1700 ockre, pre-1700 ocre, pre-1700 oker, pre-1700 okere, pre-1700 okir, pre-1700 okire, pre-1700 okker, pre-1700 okyr, pre-1700 1700s ocker. N.E.D. (1902) also records forms late Middle English occure, late Middle English okoure. Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic okr usury, Old Swedish oker interest, usury (Swedish ocker ), Danish åger ), probably either a borrowing < or cognate with Old Saxon wōkar (Middle Low German wōker ) interest, itself cognate with Old English wōcor , wōcer increase, offspring, usury, Old Frisian wōker interest, usury, Middle Dutch woeker , woekere usury, debt, lending bank (Dutch woeker usury), Old High German wuohhar yield, offspring, profit, usury, (Middle High German wuocher , German Wucher profiteering, usury), Gothic wōkrs interest, returns, probably < an ablaut variant (lengthened grade) of the Indo-European base of eche v.; compare wax v.¹Old English wōcor, wōcer does not survive into Middle English. Usually derogatory. Obsolete. Chiefly Scottish in later use. The lending of money at (excessive) interest, usury; interest gained from this. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > moneylending at interest ocker?c1225 gavellingc1250 usury1303 usurea1325 lendinga1340 ockeringa1400 usea1450 usance1539 feneration1598 gombeen1862 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 241 Sunneis þe deofles fech þet he ȝeuet to gauele. & þe [read te] oker of pine & eauer se mon lið lengre in his sunne. se þe gauel waxeð of pine in purgatoire. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 105 Þe Vox of ȝisceunge haueð þeose hwelpes..Gauel. Oker. J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) 92 (MED) Covatise..is principaly done opon twyn wise: Ane is wrangwisely to gete any thing..Als be..Stalthe, falshede, or oker. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xiv. 6 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 146 Ne his siluer til okir noght es giuande. a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) 372 Vsure and okere þat beth al on. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 88^v To do okire, ffenerare..vsurari. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) liv. 11 In thaim failis not okire, for thai aske mare in all thyngis than thai gif. ?a1525 (?a1475) Mandeville & Sultan 30 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 156 (MED) In lichery like bestes ar they, In occar, falshed and robbare. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. xi. 167 Þis dett þat he was awand be non-payment was ay duplyit on him be vsure and okkir. 1576 Breadalbane Ct. Bk. 19 It is ordinit that..hyre siluer is ockir and aganis the lawis. 1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione at Vadium Be the aulde law of this Realme, is called ocker and vsurie. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Prov. xxviii. 8 He that heapeth together riches by usuries and ocker. a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) III. 14 Did wickedly receive some gaines and filthy Ocker. 1715 A. Pennecuik Curious Coll. Scotish Poems in Geogr., Hist. Descr. Tweeddale App. 97 I borrow Silver dear for Ocker, To them that are in Debt and Grief. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021). ockern.²adj. Brit. /ˈɒkə/, U.S. /ˈɑkər/, Australian English /ˈɔkə/ Forms: 1900s– ocker, 1900s– okker. Also with capital initial. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Ocker. Etymology: < Ocker, pet form of the male forename Oscar (see Oscar n.²). Compare earlier Oscar n.²Popularized as the name of a character in a series of Australian television sketches by Ron Frazer (1924–83) shown on the The Mavis Bramston Show between 1965 and 1968. Australian slang. A. n.² A rough, uncultivated, or aggressively boorish Australian man (esp. as a stereotype). ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Antipodes > native or inhabitant of Australia > [noun] > types of myall1818 whitefellow1834 Mongolian1859 New Australian1905 New Australian1926 munjon1945 Naussie1947 ocker1971 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > unrefined manners or behaviour > person bearc1395 carter1509 kensy?a1513 clumpertonc1534 club1542 lout1548 clinchpoop1555 clout-shoe1563 loose-breech1575 clown1583 hoyden1593 boor1598 kill-courtesy1600 rustic1600 clunch1602 loblolly1604 camel1609 clusterfist1611 loon1619 Grobian1621 rough diamonda1625 hoyde1636 clodhopper1699 roughhead1726 indelicate1741 vulgarian1809 snob1838 vulgarist1847 yahoo1861 cave-dweller1865 polisson1866 mucker1884 caveman1907 wampus1912 yobbo1922 yenta1923 yob1927 rude1946 cafone1949 no-neck1961 ocker1971 1959 D. Niland Big Smoke vii. 169 The woman giggled... ‘Come on, what about it?’ Ocker shook his head, grinning. ‘I'd like to oblige, but I can't... It's in me contract, no leaving the job for a naughty.’] 1971 G. Johnston Cartload of Clay 71 The big man would be a good player, a vigorous clubman, a hearty participant in the companionship of the club bar. He was a type Julian had sometimes talked to him about, what the boy called an ‘Ocker’. 1974 Sydney Morning Herald 24 Apr. 6 That image, of the RSL itself..and of RSL members themselves as beer-swilling, ‘pokey-playing’ Ockers, has, executives believe, faded if not totally evaporated. 1981 B. Dickens Gift of Gab 28 Huge mobs of Orange-Fanta ockers queueing up for beach tickets. 1989 Homes & Gardens Dec. 199/3 The bride's mother is worrying..about her son, who is doing a splendid job as MC. ‘He's such an ocker’, she whispers apologetically. B. adj. (attributive). Characterized by or displaying the behaviour of an ocker. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined boistousc1300 untheweda1325 uplandisha1387 unaffiled1390 rudea1393 knavishc1405 peoplisha1425 clubbedc1440 blunt1477 lob?1507 robust1511 borel1513 carterly1519 clubbish1530 rough?1531 rustical?1532 incondite1539 agrestc1550 rusticc1550 brute1555 lobcocka1556 loutisha1556 carterlike1561 boorish1562 ruggedc1565 lobbish1567 loutlike1567 sowish1570 clownish1581 unrefined1582 impolished1583 homespun1590 transalpinea1592 swaddish1593 unpolished1594 untutored1595 swabberly1596 tartarous1602 porterly1603 lobcocked1606 lob-like1606 cluster-fisted1611 agrestic1617 inurbane1623 unelevated1627 incult1628 unbrushed1640 vulgar1643 unhewed1644 unsmooth1648 hirsute1658 loutardly1658 unhewn1659 roughsome?c1660 sordid1668 inhumanea1680 coarse1699 brutal1709 ramgunshoch1721 tramontane1740 uncouth1740 no-nationa1756 unurbane1760 turnipy1792 rudas1802 common1804 cubbish1819 clodhopping1828 vulgarian1833 cloddish1844 unkempt1846 bush1851 vulgarish1860 rodney1866 crude1876 ignorant1886 yobby1910 nekulturny1932 oikish1959 yobbish1966 ocker1972 down and dirty1977 1972 Australian Post (Melbourne) 30 Nov. 4/1 An accent only a shade less Strine than his Ocker alter ego. a1985 Punch in Pick of Punch (1985) 140/1 Taking umbrage is ocker. 1990 Vogue Sept. 202 With all this surf gear imagery, it's hardly surprising that Newson's ‘ocker’ Bondi Beach image persists. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ockerv. Brit. /ˈɒkə/, U.S. /ˈɑkər/, Scottish English /ˈɔkər/ Forms: Middle English occir, Middle English occur, Middle English ocur, Middle English okere, Middle English okur, Middle English–1500s oker; Scottish pre-1700 ocker, pre-1700 (1900s– Shetland) oker, 1800s okkir (Shetland and Orkney). Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ocker n.¹ Etymology: < ocker n.¹ Compare Icelandic okra, Old Swedish okra (Swedish ockra), Danish ågre to practice usury, and also Middle Dutch woekeren, woukeren, wokeren (Dutch woekeren), Old Saxon wōkrian (Middle Low German wokeren), Old High German wuohharōn, wuohharēn to grow, to profiteer (Middle High German wuochern to bear fruit, grow, to earn, to profiteer, German wuchern to proliferate, to profiteer). Now Scottish. rare. †1. intransitive. To increase with, or as with, the addition of interest (used figuratively of punishment). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (intransitive)] > accumulate or accrue (of money) > as or with interest ocker?c1225 multiplyc1450 brood1678 accrue1802 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 241 Niȝe þinges beoð þet achten hiȝe to schrift. þe pine þet okereð [a1300 Caius okered] [etc.]. a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 138 On is þe pyne þat okereþ, for synne is þe deuels gouel þat he ȝeueþ to oker. †2. intransitive. To lend at interest, to practise usury. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > lend money [verb (intransitive)] > at interest ockera1382 gavel1382 usure1530 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxviii. 12 Þou shalt okere to many folkys, & þy self shalt not borwe to oker of eny man. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 260 (MED) God okuriþ not wiþ man, but ȝif God make þe encrees. 3. transitive. Originally: to increase (money) by usury; to put out to interest. Later: to increase (a thing) in value or price (now Shetland). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > lend (money) [verb (transitive)] > lend at interest lenda900 ockera1382 to set out1533 to lend out (or forth)1549 bank1567 to put forth1572 leta1605 to let outa1616 usure1620 fenerate1623 loan1740 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxiii. 19 Þou shalt not okere [a1425 L.V. leene; L. fænerabis] to þy broþer at vsur monee ne frutees, ne eny oþer þyng bote to an aliene. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2621 (MED) A nyȝt, when men hadde here reste, he okered pens yn hys cheste. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 259 Whi ȝavest þou not my moneie to þe table, to be occurid? 1908 J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland at Okr De laird is (‘has’) okerd de rent. Derivatives † ockering n. Obsolete the taking of interest, usury. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > moneylending at interest ocker?c1225 gavellingc1250 usury1303 usurea1325 lendinga1340 ockeringa1400 usea1450 usance1539 feneration1598 gombeen1862 a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Knight who did Penance among Worms (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Okering(e This catel gat he wit okering. c1450 in Mediaeval Stud. (1955) 17 230 (MED) Þe thride maner of okure kyde Is..qwen a mon ȝeldes a þing Þat his frendes wan here in okerrynge And þai be passed oute of þis lyue. 1594 Let. 20 Jan. in Aberd. Council Lett. (1942) I. 57 For ockering, transporting of forbiddin guids. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹?c1225n.²adj.1971v.?c1225
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† ockern.1

ockern.2adj.

ockerv.

Derivatives

† ockern.¹

ockern.²adj.