obolusn.

Brit.

/ˈɒbələs/, U.S.

/ˈɑbələs/

Inflections: Plural oboli, oboloi.

Forms: Middle English–1500s 1800s– obulus, late Middle English– obolus.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin obolus.

Etymology: < classical Latin obolus an obol, a small weight (Pliny and Celsus, a medical writer), in post-classical Latin also halfpenny (frequently in British sources 1086–1534), apothecaries' weight (late 13th cent.) < ancient Greek (Attic) ὀβολός an obol, in Hellenistic Greek also a small weight (Galen) < ὀβελός obelus n., with vowel assimilation. Compare earlier obol n. and also obole n.The ancient Greek word for ‘spit’ or ‘nail’ came to be used for a type of coin as in early times nails were used as money. In plural form oboloi after the Greek plural form.

†1. A small weight used in balancing a scale; spec. an apothecaries' weight of 10 grains, or half a scruple (approx. 0.648 gram). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > scruple > half scruple

obolusa1398

obole1574

obolet1727

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 333 Þe leste party of wighte hatte Calculus and þe fourþe parte of obulus.

1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. ζζ.v/1 Obolus is half a scruple.

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxvi. xxi. 1049 Ten graines of these [barley corns] make an Obolus.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 22 The fabrile glue..3 Oboli being drunk with hot Water help the spitting of bloud.

†2.

a. A halfpenny. Cf. obole n. 1. Obsolete.Found earlier in abbreviated forms: see ob. n.¹

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > halfpenny

halfpennyc1330

ob.1389

galley-halfpenny1409

obolusc1450

make?1536

mail1570

meg?1738

mag?1775

tumbling tom1826

magpie1838

c1450 MS Marquis of Bute f. 175, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nail Quhen the waw is worth xiiij mark & a ferdpart than the waw is worth iii lib. iii s. & ix d. sterlyngys & iii d. of the payment the nayle is worth ii s. & ii d. &i obolus sterlyngys iii d. of the payment les of the waw.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 111 Yeldyng to hym and to his heires ij shillings ix d. at ij termes of the yere, that is to sey, at the fest of seynt Mighell xvj d. obolus, and at the fest of our Lady in marche xvj d. obulus.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 35 Þou shult of me haue neyther j d., ne obulus, ne quadrans.

1503 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 208 Ilk pece iiij d. obolus.

1534 Great Dunmow Churchwardens' Accts. in Essex Rev. (1912) 21 146 For ii galons oyle for the lampe, iii s. iiiid.; for roches for the lampe, obolus.

b. Any of a number of coins of small value formerly current in Europe; (more generally) any small coin or sum of money. Cf. sense 2a, and obole n. 1. Obsolete.Du Cange Gloss. Mediae & Infimae Latinitatis (1678) s.v. lists a number of specific oboli used in medieval Europe.In quot. 1882 referring to a copper coin, equal in value to a British halfpenny, issued by British authorities in the Ionian Islands during British occupation (1814–63).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > other European

groata1387

markc1475

Philip?1482

caroline1555

sol1583

gross1638

obolus1761

tenpenny1822

ECU1970

1761 H. Walpole Let. to H. Mann 28 Dec. Their East India bonds did not fall an obolus under par.

1849 W. Irving Mahomet (1853) xxxiv. 152 The boor, who knew nothing of jewels, demanded four silver oboli, or drachms.

1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh iv. 146 We women should..not throw back an obolus inscribed With Cæsar's image, lightly.

1861 Morning Post 22 Nov. The obolus of St. Peter continues to supply the Government of his Holiness with ample means of providing for the pecuniary exigencies of the State.

1868 ‘G. Eliot’ Spanish Gypsy i. 74 Cheapen it meanly to an obolus.

1882 R. Bithell Counting-house Dict. 212 In the Ionian Islands, before the introduction of the system of the French Monetary Convention, the Obolus was 1–100th part of the Ionian Dollar, worth ½d. English.

3. Ancient History. = obol n. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > ancient Greek

obolOE

drachmc1384

mnamc1400

dramc1440

mina1495

groat1526

didrachm1548

drachma1579

obolus1579

tetradrachm1579

obole1598

philippic1651

stater1685

tetrobol1693

tridrachm1771

pentadrachm1827

triobol1837

octadrachm1848

decadrachm1856

lepton1877

dodecadrachm1881

diobol1887

trihemiobol1887

distater1895

hemiobol1921

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 490 Small peeces of money..called Oboli, whereof sixe make a Drachma.

1634 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman (new ed.) xii. 116 Obolus (because it carryed the forme of a spit or obelisque so called) was the sixth part of a dram.

a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. i. 437 An As or an Obolus may carry an higher price than a Denarius or a Drachma.

1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. x. 224 The most vulgar slave cou'd yield by his labour an obolus a day, over and above his maintenance.

1801 S. Owenson Poems 105 Its obolus to Charon paid.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. 243 The pay for attendance in the Assembly was raised from one obolus to three.

1851 R. A. Willmott Pleasures of Lit. (1857) xvii. 86 Belesarius asking an obolus is more touching than a blind sailor who lost his sight before the mast.

1895 J. K. Bangs House-boat on Styx i. 7 He dropped three oboli and an American dime, which he carried as a pocket-piece, overboard.

1904 N.E.D. at Pass sb.² Pass-penny, the obolus placed by the ancient Greeks on the tongue of the dead to pay their fare over the Styx.

1940 Hesperia 9 358 One would have trouble distinguishing between the oboloi of Anastasius and the dekanummia of Leo.

1991 C. Mansall Discover Astrol. v. 94/1 In payment, Charon received an obulus for each soul. It was an old Roman custom to place an obulus (a coin) in the mouth of a corpse before interment.

4. Palaeontology. (In form Obolus) a genus of fossil brachiopods having a smooth orbicular shell, widespread in Cambrian and Ordovician rocks; (also obolus) a brachiopod of this genus.Valid publication of the genus name: C. E. Eichwald Zoologia Specialis (1829) I. 274.

ΚΠ

1854 R. I. Murchison Siluria viii. 187 Obolus, a genus closely allied to Lingula, is common in Russia.

1859 R. I. Murchison Siluria (new ed.) xiv. 374 The little horny brachiopod, the Obolus or Ungulite, is so much more abundant than any other fossil, as to have induced Pander to give to the rock the name of Ungulite grit.

1902 Science 27 June 1010/2 Another subject taken up by Dr. Matthew was the development of the Canadian Oboli, as shown in impressions of the muscle scars, of the vascular trunks, and by the surface ornamentation of the shells.

1961 J. Stubblefield Davies's Introd. Palaeontol. (ed. 3) i. 16 In Obolus..each valve has a well-marked interarea, that of the ventral valve with a longitudinal pedicle-groove, and its umbo being more prominent.

1989 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 854/3 Unlike the shells of its relatives, the lingulids, the obolus shells were composed of calcium carbonate. Obolus inhabited shallow marine waters.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	obolus
释义	obolusn. Brit. /ˈɒbələs/, U.S. /ˈɑbələs/ Inflections: Plural oboli, oboloi. Forms: Middle English–1500s 1800s– obulus, late Middle English– obolus. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin obolus. Etymology: < classical Latin obolus an obol, a small weight (Pliny and Celsus, a medical writer), in post-classical Latin also halfpenny (frequently in British sources 1086–1534), apothecaries' weight (late 13th cent.) < ancient Greek (Attic) ὀβολός an obol, in Hellenistic Greek also a small weight (Galen) < ὀβελός obelus n., with vowel assimilation. Compare earlier obol n. and also obole n.The ancient Greek word for ‘spit’ or ‘nail’ came to be used for a type of coin as in early times nails were used as money. In plural form oboloi after the Greek plural form. †1. A small weight used in balancing a scale; spec. an apothecaries' weight of 10 grains, or half a scruple (approx. 0.648 gram). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > scruple > half scruple obolusa1398 obole1574 obolet1727 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 333 Þe leste party of wighte hatte Calculus and þe fourþe parte of obulus. 1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. ζζ.v/1 Obolus is half a scruple. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxvi. xxi. 1049 Ten graines of these [barley corns] make an Obolus. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 22 The fabrile glue..3 Oboli being drunk with hot Water help the spitting of bloud. †2. a. A halfpenny. Cf. obole n. 1. Obsolete.Found earlier in abbreviated forms: see ob. n.¹ ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > halfpenny halfpennyc1330 ob.1389 galley-halfpenny1409 obolusc1450 make?1536 mail1570 meg?1738 mag?1775 tumbling tom1826 magpie1838 c1450 MS Marquis of Bute f. 175, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nail Quhen the waw is worth xiiij mark & a ferdpart than the waw is worth iii lib. iii s. & ix d. sterlyngys & iii d. of the payment the nayle is worth ii s. & ii d. &i obolus sterlyngys iii d. of the payment les of the waw. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 111 Yeldyng to hym and to his heires ij shillings ix d. at ij termes of the yere, that is to sey, at the fest of seynt Mighell xvj d. obolus, and at the fest of our Lady in marche xvj d. obulus. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 35 Þou shult of me haue neyther j d., ne obulus, ne quadrans. 1503 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 208 Ilk pece iiij d. obolus. 1534 Great Dunmow Churchwardens' Accts. in Essex Rev. (1912) 21 146 For ii galons oyle for the lampe, iii s. iiiid.; for roches for the lampe, obolus. b. Any of a number of coins of small value formerly current in Europe; (more generally) any small coin or sum of money. Cf. sense 2a, and obole n. 1. Obsolete.Du Cange Gloss. Mediae & Infimae Latinitatis (1678) s.v. lists a number of specific oboli used in medieval Europe.In quot. 1882 referring to a copper coin, equal in value to a British halfpenny, issued by British authorities in the Ionian Islands during British occupation (1814–63). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > other European groata1387 markc1475 Philip?1482 caroline1555 sol1583 gross1638 obolus1761 tenpenny1822 ECU1970 1761 H. Walpole Let. to H. Mann 28 Dec. Their East India bonds did not fall an obolus under par. 1849 W. Irving Mahomet (1853) xxxiv. 152 The boor, who knew nothing of jewels, demanded four silver oboli, or drachms. 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh iv. 146 We women should..not throw back an obolus inscribed With Cæsar's image, lightly. 1861 Morning Post 22 Nov. The obolus of St. Peter continues to supply the Government of his Holiness with ample means of providing for the pecuniary exigencies of the State. 1868 ‘G. Eliot’ Spanish Gypsy i. 74 Cheapen it meanly to an obolus. 1882 R. Bithell Counting-house Dict. 212 In the Ionian Islands, before the introduction of the system of the French Monetary Convention, the Obolus was 1–100th part of the Ionian Dollar, worth ½d. English. 3. Ancient History. = obol n. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > ancient Greek obolOE drachmc1384 mnamc1400 dramc1440 mina1495 groat1526 didrachm1548 drachma1579 obolus1579 tetradrachm1579 obole1598 philippic1651 stater1685 tetrobol1693 tridrachm1771 pentadrachm1827 triobol1837 octadrachm1848 decadrachm1856 lepton1877 dodecadrachm1881 diobol1887 trihemiobol1887 distater1895 hemiobol1921 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 490 Small peeces of money..called Oboli, whereof sixe make a Drachma. 1634 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman (new ed.) xii. 116 Obolus (because it carryed the forme of a spit or obelisque so called) was the sixth part of a dram. a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. i. 437 An As or an Obolus may carry an higher price than a Denarius or a Drachma. 1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. x. 224 The most vulgar slave cou'd yield by his labour an obolus a day, over and above his maintenance. 1801 S. Owenson Poems 105 Its obolus to Charon paid. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. 243 The pay for attendance in the Assembly was raised from one obolus to three. 1851 R. A. Willmott Pleasures of Lit. (1857) xvii. 86 Belesarius asking an obolus is more touching than a blind sailor who lost his sight before the mast. 1895 J. K. Bangs House-boat on Styx i. 7 He dropped three oboli and an American dime, which he carried as a pocket-piece, overboard. 1904 N.E.D. at Pass sb.² Pass-penny, the obolus placed by the ancient Greeks on the tongue of the dead to pay their fare over the Styx. 1940 Hesperia 9 358 One would have trouble distinguishing between the oboloi of Anastasius and the dekanummia of Leo. 1991 C. Mansall Discover Astrol. v. 94/1 In payment, Charon received an obulus for each soul. It was an old Roman custom to place an obulus (a coin) in the mouth of a corpse before interment. 4. Palaeontology. (In form Obolus) a genus of fossil brachiopods having a smooth orbicular shell, widespread in Cambrian and Ordovician rocks; (also obolus) a brachiopod of this genus.Valid publication of the genus name: C. E. Eichwald Zoologia Specialis (1829) I. 274. ΚΠ 1854 R. I. Murchison Siluria viii. 187 Obolus, a genus closely allied to Lingula, is common in Russia. 1859 R. I. Murchison Siluria (new ed.) xiv. 374 The little horny brachiopod, the Obolus or Ungulite, is so much more abundant than any other fossil, as to have induced Pander to give to the rock the name of Ungulite grit. 1902 Science 27 June 1010/2 Another subject taken up by Dr. Matthew was the development of the Canadian Oboli, as shown in impressions of the muscle scars, of the vascular trunks, and by the surface ornamentation of the shells. 1961 J. Stubblefield Davies's Introd. Palaeontol. (ed. 3) i. 16 In Obolus..each valve has a well-marked interarea, that of the ventral valve with a longitudinal pedicle-groove, and its umbo being more prominent. 1989 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 854/3 Unlike the shells of its relatives, the lingulids, the obolus shells were composed of calcium carbonate. Obolus inhabited shallow marine waters. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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