normn.¹

Brit.

/nɔːm/, U.S.

/nɔrm/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin norma.

Etymology: < classical Latin norma norma n. Compare earlier norma n., norme n. In sense 3 introduced as Latin norma by Gauss 1832, in Commentationes Recentiores Soc. R. Scient. Gottingensis 7 Class. Math. 98.

I. General uses.

a. That which is a model or a pattern; a type, a standard.With the: what is usual, typical, or standard. N.E.D. (1907) notes ‘Common since c1855.’

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [noun] > a standard or norm

regulaOE

standardc1475

rate1509

square1549

formular1563

squarier1581

scantling1587

the King's beam1607

referencea1627

modulea1628

norme1635

the common beam1647

normaa1676

plummet line1683

norm1821

modulus1857

normative1909

1821 S. T. Coleridge in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 10 257 Each after its own norm or model.

1828 E. B. Pusey Hist. Enq. Rationalist Char. I. i. 21 Every expression of his upon controverted points became a norm for the party.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. xiii. 278 The transfer of obedience from the will of one..to that will which is the norm or rule for all men.

1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant Introd. iv. 66 The mind must find in itself the norm or principle of unity upon which it works.

1900 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 14 545 The fulfilment of the objects and the exercise of the powers of the [Canadian Bankers'] Association..were declared to be subject to such norms as the council might fix.

1955 C. S. Lewis De Descriptione Temporum 15 In her days some kind and degree of religious belief and practice were the norm.

1982 Financial Times 1 Mar. 15/7 Short—usually 5-year—maturities are the norm for Euro-issues.

2001 Fresh Produce Jrnl. 14 Sept. 18 Turning in no more than ten tonnes an acre against a norm of 18 to 21.

b. A standard or pattern of social behaviour that is accepted in or expected of a group. Usually in plural. Cf. group norm n. (b) at group n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > cycle, pattern, or system of behaviour

norm1900

group norm1913

behaviour-cycle1921

behaviour pattern1926

behaviour-system1927

1900 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 8 417 The duty of the individual..is set by moral norms which are not to be mistaken.

1931 W. M. Urban Fund. Ethics i. 9 The forms of conduct or behavior which have this character of oughtness are then called standards or norms.

1956 J. Klein Study of Groups x. 134 If deviance is displayed not by one member, but a set of members sharing a set of norms, control by group pressure is less possible.

1961 J. N. Findlay Values & Intentions ix. 399 The religious object..must tend more and more towards the pattern of a detached, suprapersonal, norm-setting mind.

1964 J. M. Argyle Psychol. & Social Probl. iii. 38 All social groups develop norms, particularly about matters connected with the group's main purposes and activities.

2002 Mandala Mar. 49/1 In some of the Theravadan sutras the Buddha explains what he means by sexual misconduct and it is..closely related to the cultural norms of the time.

c. A value used as a reference standard for purposes of comparison.

ΚΠ

1915 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1 115 The value of the point scale depends upon reliable norms.

1921 Univ. Illinois Bur. Educ. Res. Bull. 6 5 Medians are the mental age norms, which are used as a basis for translating the point scores into achievement ages.

1939 Sociometry 2 56 All the average scores..fall within the range of ‘average’ on Bell's male college norms.

1950 M. Mead Male & Female xiii. 271 The Gesell norms used by the reading mother or the neighbourhood gossip of the unliterate.

1990 Brain 113 1339 He achieved a score of 138, which corresponds to the 97th centile according to the norms for 18-yr-old subjects.

1995 J. Miller & M. Stacey Driving Instructor's Handbk. (ed. 8) vii. 207 These speed norms can be very misleading, for example when approaching the intersection at the end of the slip road after travelling..on a motorway.

a. A prescribed unit of work or level of productivity to be achieved (originally, in communist regimes).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > work > amounts of work > [noun] > standard amount

norm1934

1934 Polit. Sci. Q. 49 217 A member of a collective farm of the seventh group who carries out his daily norm as determined by the management is rated with three work days.

1952 Manch. Guardian 6 June Stakhanovite women miners in the Donetz basin are performing four, nine, and eleven norms each.

1952 Industr. & Labor Relations Rev. 5 217/1 The worker-group..may not have an intricate logical analysis supporting the particular production norm established.

1959 Times 12 Mar. 13/6 This moulding process may vary from the crudest regimentation and subordination..to factory-like specification and ‘norms’.

1976 Survey Spring 184 Real prosperity, to be experienced by the people and not measured by the overfulfilment of fictitious norms.

1980 Times 24 May 14/7 You can poke fun at life under Communism... How to fiddle your work-norms.

2001 Jrnl. Labor Econ. 19 764 There are two reasons to doubt that mutual monitoring will support a high effort norm.

b. Economics. A level established by a government or other authority as one to be complied with or attained, esp. with regard to pay increases.nil norm: see nil n.¹, adv., and adj. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1965 Economist 13 Feb. 645/2 The other vital point will be the ‘norms’ or ‘guiding lights’ [for incomes] recommended for each year.

1979 Daily Mail 23 Jan. 5/2 There is apparently nothing like All Creatures Great and Small..to help him forget crumbling pay norms and secondary picketing.

1993 Business Central Europe June 57/1 Witness the central bank's recent decision to raise the capital requirements of all fully-licensed commercial banks from the present DM5m to a walloping DM60m,..much higher than the EC's DM 10m norms.

1994 T. Byrne Local Govt. in Brit. (ed. 6) xi. 329 Charge payers would be issued with a ‘ready reckoner’ that indicates what the community charge norm (or target figure) was calculated to be.

II. Technical uses.

3. Mathematics.

a. The product of a complex number and its conjugate, equal to the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary components; an analogous quantity defined for a complex vector (see quot. 1949).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > which describes extent of mathematical object

norm1856

1856 W. R. Hamilton Notebk. in H. Halberstam & R. E. Ingram Math. Papers Sir W. R. Hamilton (1967) III. 657 a + ib is said to be a complex number, when a and b are integers, and i = √ − 1; its norm is a² + b²; and therefore the norm of a product is equal to the product of the norms of its factors.

1866 W. T. Brande & G. W. Cox Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art (new ed.) II. 228/2 The product a² + b² of a complex number a + b√− 1, and its conjugate a − b√− 1 is called its norm.

1932 H. W. Turnbull & A. C. Aitken Introd. Theory Canonical Matrices iv. 38 This fundamental Hermitian inner product of x and x is often called the norm of the complex vector x... The square root of the norm, taken with positive sign, (xx)^½, is sometimes denoted by |x|.

1949 A. Albert Solid Anal. Geom. i. 3 The norm of a vector P is defined to be the inner product P·P = x₁² +…+ x_n².

1967 S. MacLane & G. Birkhoff Algebra v. 187 Each quadratic field Q(√d), with the elements σ = r + s√d, has as automorphisms the identity and σ |→ σ = r − s√d. The product σσ = r² + s²d is called the norm N(σ) of σ.

1992 G. Ellis Rings & Fields i. 14 The best way to see that these are the only units is to use the norm |a²| of an element a = m + n√−2, by which we mean the integer |a²| = m² + 2n².

b. The positive square root of this quantity. More generally: a quantity defined on a vector space over the real or complex field which represents a generalization of the concept of length or magnitude and has the properties that ‖u‖ > 0 if u ≠ 0 (‖u‖ being the norm of the vector u), ‖u‖ = 0 if u = 0, ‖au‖ = |a| ‖u‖ (a being a real number), and ‖u + v‖ ≤‖u‖ + ‖v‖ (v being another vector).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > tensor > [noun] > vector > vector space > quantity defined on

norm1921

1921 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 7 84 The notion of norm or numerical value of a complex quantity, c = a + b √ − 1, namely, |c| = √(a² + b²), as it arises in algebra, has a more or less immediate generalization to more extensive matric systems.

1955 L. F. Boron tr. I. P. Natanson Theory of Functions of Real Variable I. vii. 199 Let f(x) ∈ L_p. The number ‖f‖ = ^p√(∫^b/ _a|f(x)|^pdx) is called the norm of the function f(x) (considered as an element of L_p).

1965 E. M. Patterson & D. E. Rutherford Elem. Abstr. Algebra v. 184 There exist norms which cannot be expressed in this way in terms of an inner product. In the case where an inner product exists, it is clear that the length of a vector satisfies the requirements for a norm.

1990 Proc. London Math. Soc. 61 433 Note that for the form Q = ξ² + η², the norm induced is the Euclidean norm, and the points (m, n) at which Q is prime are, when written as m + in, the Gaussian primes of order 1.

4. Geology. A hypothetical mineral composition of a rock calculated by assigning the compounds present to certain relatively simple minerals in accordance with prescribed rules.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > [noun] > mineral composition

norm1902

heteromorphism1921

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > mineral or chemical composition > [noun] > norm

norm1902

1902 W. Cross et al. in Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 10 604 We introduce two terms..as substitutes for the cumbrous and oft-repeated expressions, standard mineral composition (that calculated from the rock analysis) and actual mineral composition. For the first we propose the word norm, and for the second the word mode.

1932 A. Johannsen Descr. Petrogr. Igneous Rocks II. 272 (heading) Norms of rhyolites.

1973 Jrnl. Petrol. 14 250 The C.I.P.W. norms which accompany the analyses were calculated using an Fe₂O₃/FeO ratio estimated to be appropriate for the quartz-fayalite-magnetite-buffered charges.

1990 Jrnl. Petrol. 31 1252 Lavas with higher ferric–ferrous ratios will plot further away from the olivine component because the fayalite component is reduced in the norm.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

normv.

Brit.

/nɔːm/, U.S.

/nɔrm/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: norm n.¹

Etymology: < norm n.¹ With sense 1 compare earlier normalize v. 2a. In sense 2 after normed adj. 2.

1. transitive. Mathematics and Economics. = normalize v. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (transitive)] > multiply > by a factor

postmultiply1861

premultiply1861

normalize1900

norm1914

1914 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 15 377 There will be no loss of generality if all the directions p are supposed to be normed.

1931 P. Dienes Taylor Series viii. 274 We ‘norm’ the mapping with respect to u = a by requiring that a₁k = 1.

1941 R. V. Churchill Fourier Series iii. 38 The functions of the set are normed by dividing each function g_n(x) by [N(g_n)]^1/2.

1984 World Politics 36 512 Norming the volume of trade by the size of the defender's economy is thus appropriate.

1987 Brit. Jrnl. Polit. Sci. 17 179 This is achieved by replacing the above expression for X..and norming Σd and ΣD to unity.

2. transitive. Mathematics. To define a norm on (a space).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > tensor > use vectors [verb (transitive)] > define a norm

norm1959

1959 L. F. Boron tr. M. A. Naimark Normed Rings i. 73 The space X/, normed by formula (1), will be called a normed factor-space.

1972 A. G. Howson Handbk. Terms Algebra & Anal. xxii. 111 The vector space ℒ(E, F) can be normed in the following way.

1994 Math. Rev. 94 F. 3300/2 If X admits an equivalent norm such that there is a norming set ϕ contained in X* such that every sequence in S(X) that is asymptotically normed by ϕ has property k.

3. transitive. Chiefly U.S. To set or score (a test) by reference to results previously achieved by a chosen sample of subjects, in such a way that predetermined proportions of candidates can be expected to achieve the different grades. Also: to test (a person) using such a test.

ΚΠ

1963 Word Study Dec. 7/1 The psychometrists now norm people—according to whatever norm is handy... Many students are going to find themselves being normed whether they like it or not.

1975 N.Y. Times 8 Jan. 33/1 To ‘norm’ a test, or find out what the average score should be, a test-maker gives it to what he believes to be a representative sampling of students from throughout the country.

1983 Times 1 Mar. 2/8 Every few years standard American IQ tests are ‘normed’, that is, their content is altered so that a selected ‘average’ sample of the population will always score exactly 100.

1999 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 109 293 The AFQT was normed for high school graduates, not college graduates.

2001 N.Y. Times 11 Mar. iv. 14/4 The passing score on the recently introduced placement test in reading..was not reduced in order to produce a higher pass rate. On the contrary, adaptively norming a new test..is common and responsible.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	norm
释义	normn.¹ Brit. /nɔːm/, U.S. /nɔrm/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin norma. Etymology: < classical Latin norma norma n. Compare earlier norma n., norme n. In sense 3 introduced as Latin norma by Gauss 1832, in Commentationes Recentiores Soc. R. Scient. Gottingensis 7 Class. Math. 98. I. General uses. 1. a. That which is a model or a pattern; a type, a standard.With the: what is usual, typical, or standard. N.E.D. (1907) notes ‘Common since c1855.’ ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [noun] > a standard or norm regulaOE standardc1475 rate1509 square1549 formular1563 squarier1581 scantling1587 the King's beam1607 referencea1627 modulea1628 norme1635 the common beam1647 normaa1676 plummet line1683 norm1821 modulus1857 normative1909 1821 S. T. Coleridge in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 10 257 Each after its own norm or model. 1828 E. B. Pusey Hist. Enq. Rationalist Char. I. i. 21 Every expression of his upon controverted points became a norm for the party. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. xiii. 278 The transfer of obedience from the will of one..to that will which is the norm or rule for all men. 1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant Introd. iv. 66 The mind must find in itself the norm or principle of unity upon which it works. 1900 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 14 545 The fulfilment of the objects and the exercise of the powers of the [Canadian Bankers'] Association..were declared to be subject to such norms as the council might fix. 1955 C. S. Lewis De Descriptione Temporum 15 In her days some kind and degree of religious belief and practice were the norm. 1982 Financial Times 1 Mar. 15/7 Short—usually 5-year—maturities are the norm for Euro-issues. 2001 Fresh Produce Jrnl. 14 Sept. 18 Turning in no more than ten tonnes an acre against a norm of 18 to 21. b. A standard or pattern of social behaviour that is accepted in or expected of a group. Usually in plural. Cf. group norm n. (b) at group n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > cycle, pattern, or system of behaviour norm1900 group norm1913 behaviour-cycle1921 behaviour pattern1926 behaviour-system1927 1900 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 8 417 The duty of the individual..is set by moral norms which are not to be mistaken. 1931 W. M. Urban Fund. Ethics i. 9 The forms of conduct or behavior which have this character of oughtness are then called standards or norms. 1956 J. Klein Study of Groups x. 134 If deviance is displayed not by one member, but a set of members sharing a set of norms, control by group pressure is less possible. 1961 J. N. Findlay Values & Intentions ix. 399 The religious object..must tend more and more towards the pattern of a detached, suprapersonal, norm-setting mind. 1964 J. M. Argyle Psychol. & Social Probl. iii. 38 All social groups develop norms, particularly about matters connected with the group's main purposes and activities. 2002 Mandala Mar. 49/1 In some of the Theravadan sutras the Buddha explains what he means by sexual misconduct and it is..closely related to the cultural norms of the time. c. A value used as a reference standard for purposes of comparison. ΚΠ 1915 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1 115 The value of the point scale depends upon reliable norms. 1921 Univ. Illinois Bur. Educ. Res. Bull. 6 5 Medians are the mental age norms, which are used as a basis for translating the point scores into achievement ages. 1939 Sociometry 2 56 All the average scores..fall within the range of ‘average’ on Bell's male college norms. 1950 M. Mead Male & Female xiii. 271 The Gesell norms used by the reading mother or the neighbourhood gossip of the unliterate. 1990 Brain 113 1339 He achieved a score of 138, which corresponds to the 97th centile according to the norms for 18-yr-old subjects. 1995 J. Miller & M. Stacey Driving Instructor's Handbk. (ed. 8) vii. 207 These speed norms can be very misleading, for example when approaching the intersection at the end of the slip road after travelling..on a motorway. 2. a. A prescribed unit of work or level of productivity to be achieved (originally, in communist regimes). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > amounts of work > [noun] > standard amount norm1934 1934 Polit. Sci. Q. 49 217 A member of a collective farm of the seventh group who carries out his daily norm as determined by the management is rated with three work days. 1952 Manch. Guardian 6 June Stakhanovite women miners in the Donetz basin are performing four, nine, and eleven norms each. 1952 Industr. & Labor Relations Rev. 5 217/1 The worker-group..may not have an intricate logical analysis supporting the particular production norm established. 1959 Times 12 Mar. 13/6 This moulding process may vary from the crudest regimentation and subordination..to factory-like specification and ‘norms’. 1976 Survey Spring 184 Real prosperity, to be experienced by the people and not measured by the overfulfilment of fictitious norms. 1980 Times 24 May 14/7 You can poke fun at life under Communism... How to fiddle your work-norms. 2001 Jrnl. Labor Econ. 19 764 There are two reasons to doubt that mutual monitoring will support a high effort norm. b. Economics. A level established by a government or other authority as one to be complied with or attained, esp. with regard to pay increases.nil norm: see nil n.¹, adv., and adj. Compounds. ΚΠ 1965 Economist 13 Feb. 645/2 The other vital point will be the ‘norms’ or ‘guiding lights’ [for incomes] recommended for each year. 1979 Daily Mail 23 Jan. 5/2 There is apparently nothing like All Creatures Great and Small..to help him forget crumbling pay norms and secondary picketing. 1993 Business Central Europe June 57/1 Witness the central bank's recent decision to raise the capital requirements of all fully-licensed commercial banks from the present DM5m to a walloping DM60m,..much higher than the EC's DM 10m norms. 1994 T. Byrne Local Govt. in Brit. (ed. 6) xi. 329 Charge payers would be issued with a ‘ready reckoner’ that indicates what the community charge norm (or target figure) was calculated to be. II. Technical uses. 3. Mathematics. a. The product of a complex number and its conjugate, equal to the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary components; an analogous quantity defined for a complex vector (see quot. 1949). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > which describes extent of mathematical object norm1856 1856 W. R. Hamilton Notebk. in H. Halberstam & R. E. Ingram Math. Papers Sir W. R. Hamilton (1967) III. 657 a + ib is said to be a complex number, when a and b are integers, and i = √ − 1; its norm is a² + b²; and therefore the norm of a product is equal to the product of the norms of its factors. 1866 W. T. Brande & G. W. Cox Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art (new ed.) II. 228/2 The product a² + b² of a complex number a + b√− 1, and its conjugate a − b√− 1 is called its norm. 1932 H. W. Turnbull & A. C. Aitken Introd. Theory Canonical Matrices iv. 38 This fundamental Hermitian inner product of x and x is often called the norm of the complex vector x... The square root of the norm, taken with positive sign, (xx)^½, is sometimes denoted by \|x\|. 1949 A. Albert Solid Anal. Geom. i. 3 The norm of a vector P is defined to be the inner product P·P = x₁² +…+ x_n². 1967 S. MacLane & G. Birkhoff Algebra v. 187 Each quadratic field Q(√d), with the elements σ = r + s√d, has as automorphisms the identity and σ \|→ σ = r − s√d. The product σσ = r² + s²d is called the norm N(σ) of σ. 1992 G. Ellis Rings & Fields i. 14 The best way to see that these are the only units is to use the norm \|a²\| of an element a = m + n√−2, by which we mean the integer \|a²\| = m² + 2n². b. The positive square root of this quantity. More generally: a quantity defined on a vector space over the real or complex field which represents a generalization of the concept of length or magnitude and has the properties that ‖u‖ > 0 if u ≠ 0 (‖u‖ being the norm of the vector u), ‖u‖ = 0 if u = 0, ‖au‖ = \|a\| ‖u‖ (a being a real number), and ‖u + v‖ ≤‖u‖ + ‖v‖ (v being another vector). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > tensor > [noun] > vector > vector space > quantity defined on norm1921 1921 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 7 84 The notion of norm or numerical value of a complex quantity, c = a + b √ − 1, namely, \|c\| = √(a² + b²), as it arises in algebra, has a more or less immediate generalization to more extensive matric systems. 1955 L. F. Boron tr. I. P. Natanson Theory of Functions of Real Variable I. vii. 199 Let f(x) ∈ L_p. The number ‖f‖ = ^p√(∫^b/ _a\|f(x)\|^pdx) is called the norm of the function f(x) (considered as an element of L_p). 1965 E. M. Patterson & D. E. Rutherford Elem. Abstr. Algebra v. 184 There exist norms which cannot be expressed in this way in terms of an inner product. In the case where an inner product exists, it is clear that the length of a vector satisfies the requirements for a norm. 1990 Proc. London Math. Soc. 61 433 Note that for the form Q = ξ² + η², the norm induced is the Euclidean norm, and the points (m, n) at which Q is prime are, when written as m + in, the Gaussian primes of order 1. 4. Geology. A hypothetical mineral composition of a rock calculated by assigning the compounds present to certain relatively simple minerals in accordance with prescribed rules. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > [noun] > mineral composition norm1902 heteromorphism1921 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > mineral or chemical composition > [noun] > norm norm1902 1902 W. Cross et al. in Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 10 604 We introduce two terms..as substitutes for the cumbrous and oft-repeated expressions, standard mineral composition (that calculated from the rock analysis) and actual mineral composition. For the first we propose the word norm, and for the second the word mode. 1932 A. Johannsen Descr. Petrogr. Igneous Rocks II. 272 (heading) Norms of rhyolites. 1973 Jrnl. Petrol. 14 250 The C.I.P.W. norms which accompany the analyses were calculated using an Fe₂O₃/FeO ratio estimated to be appropriate for the quartz-fayalite-magnetite-buffered charges. 1990 Jrnl. Petrol. 31 1252 Lavas with higher ferric–ferrous ratios will plot further away from the olivine component because the fayalite component is reduced in the norm. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Normn.² Brit. /nɔːm/, U.S. /nɔrm/, Australian English /nɔːm/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Norm. Etymology: < Norm, the name of a cartoon character, created by Alex Stitt, graphic designer, in 1975; compare:1975 Australian 24 Nov. 2 Victoria's Minister for Youth, Sport and Recreation, has commissioned a new ocker character to help him in his latest campaign to get people off their backsides and into fitness activity. His name's Norm and he appeared for the first time last night on TV. Australian slang. A person who spends leisure time passively or idly, esp. in watching sport on television, without participating in physical exercise. Cf. couch potato n. at couch n.¹ Additions. to do a Norm: to behave like the fictional character Norm, esp. by habitually watching sport on television. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun] > lazy person > an idler or loafer > watching television vidiot1949 couch potato1979 Norm1980 couch surfer1991 1980 Sun-Herald (Sydney) 7 Sept. 53 Decided to do a ‘Norm’, open a tinny and perhaps learn something about the game from Rex Mossop before lunch. 1981 Australian 26 Oct. 3 For most ‘Norms’ it [sc. daylight saving] means an extra hour in the pub. 1987 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 3 Oct. 24/2 The Norms of Australia—those avid sports fans with the big beer bellies who never leave the comfort of their armchairs in front of the telly—will really come into their own this weekend. 1996 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 24 Jan. 3/2 He's a bit of a ‘Norm’ really. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). normv. Brit. /nɔːm/, U.S. /nɔrm/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: norm n.¹ Etymology: < norm n.¹ With sense 1 compare earlier normalize v. 2a. In sense 2 after normed adj. 2. 1. transitive. Mathematics and Economics. = normalize v. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (transitive)] > multiply > by a factor postmultiply1861 premultiply1861 normalize1900 norm1914 1914 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 15 377 There will be no loss of generality if all the directions p are supposed to be normed. 1931 P. Dienes Taylor Series viii. 274 We ‘norm’ the mapping with respect to u = a by requiring that a₁k = 1. 1941 R. V. Churchill Fourier Series iii. 38 The functions of the set are normed by dividing each function g_n(x) by [N(g_n)]^1/2. 1984 World Politics 36 512 Norming the volume of trade by the size of the defender's economy is thus appropriate. 1987 Brit. Jrnl. Polit. Sci. 17 179 This is achieved by replacing the above expression for X..and norming Σd and ΣD to unity. 2. transitive. Mathematics. To define a norm on (a space). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > tensor > use vectors [verb (transitive)] > define a norm norm1959 1959 L. F. Boron tr. M. A. Naimark Normed Rings i. 73 The space X/, normed by formula (1), will be called a normed factor-space. 1972 A. G. Howson Handbk. Terms Algebra & Anal. xxii. 111 The vector space ℒ(E, F) can be normed in the following way. 1994 Math. Rev. 94 F. 3300/2 If X admits an equivalent norm such that there is a norming set ϕ contained in X* such that every sequence in S(X) that is asymptotically normed by ϕ has property k. 3. transitive. Chiefly U.S. To set or score (a test) by reference to results previously achieved by a chosen sample of subjects, in such a way that predetermined proportions of candidates can be expected to achieve the different grades. Also: to test (a person) using such a test. ΚΠ 1963 Word Study Dec. 7/1 The psychometrists now norm people—according to whatever norm is handy... Many students are going to find themselves being normed whether they like it or not. 1975 N.Y. Times 8 Jan. 33/1 To ‘norm’ a test, or find out what the average score should be, a test-maker gives it to what he believes to be a representative sampling of students from throughout the country. 1983 Times 1 Mar. 2/8 Every few years standard American IQ tests are ‘normed’, that is, their content is altered so that a selected ‘average’ sample of the population will always score exactly 100. 1999 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 109 293 The AFQT was normed for high school graduates, not college graduates. 2001 N.Y. Times 11 Mar. iv. 14/4 The passing score on the recently introduced placement test in reading..was not reduced in order to produce a higher pass rate. On the contrary, adaptively norming a new test..is common and responsible. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1821n.²1980v.1914
随便看	dog'stail grass dog-and-pony dog-and-pony show dog-ape dog-badger dog-bee dog-belt dog-bitten dog-blow dog-breaker dog-briar dog-bright dog-chance dog-cherry dog-cook dog-crust dog-draw dog-drawn dog-driven dog-drunk dog-ear dog-eared dog-eat-dog dog-end dog-english

normn.1

Normn.2

normv.

normn.¹

Normn.²