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单词 nucleoside
释义

nucleosiden.

Brit. /ˈnjuːklɪə(ʊ)ˌsʌɪd/, U.S. /ˈn(j)uklioʊˌsaɪd/
Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Nucleosid.
Etymology: < German Nucleosid (P. A. Levene & W. A. Jacobs 1909, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 42 2475; now usually Nukleosid ) < Nucleo- nucleo- comb. form + -sid (in Glucosid glucoside n.). Compare French nucléoside (dated 1907 in Robert Dict. alphabétique et analogique (1986)).
Biochemistry.
Any of the glycosides, consisting of ribose or deoxyribose linked to a purine or pyrimidine base, that are components of nucleic acids. Later also: any of various other glycosides containing nitrogenous bases.
ΚΠ
1911 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 9 66 It was demonstrated that the molecule of the complex nucleic acids is composed of nucleotides and these of phosphoric acid, carbohydrate and base linked to one another in the order here given... It is possible to detach from the complex either phosphoric acid alone, giving rise to a nucleoside, or a complex of carbohydrate and base.
1931 P. A. Levene & L. W. Bass Nucleic Acids vi. 126 The name ‘nucleoside’ was assigned to the substances of this group for the reason that..they contain sugar in a glucosidic union, and..the substances linked to the sugars are nuclein bases.
1946 Nature 24 Aug. 275/2 Miss Mejbaum has found..that the pentose contained in pyrimidine nucleotides (uridylic acid and cydidylic [read cytidylic] acid) and nucleosides (uridine) are not determined by her method.
1968 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) ix. 185 From the mushroom Agaricus nebularis, a toxic, free nucleoside, named nebularine, has been identified as 9-β- d-ribofuranosylpurine.
1973 J. F. Henderson & A. R. P. Paterson Nucleotide Metabolism p. xiv The terms ‘nucleoside’ and ‘nucleotide’ in the strictest sense refer to N-glycosides, and phosphorylated N-glycosides, respectively, derived from nucleic acids.
1993 N.Y. Times Mag. 28 Nov. 58/1 So far, the only treatments are nucleoside analogues, drugs like AZT, DDC and DDI.
2002 New Scientist 26 Oct. 20/2 Daifuku's stealth nucleoside, called SN1212, is designed so that HIV mistakes it for uracil..and incorporates it into its RNA.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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