nonstandardadj.n.

Brit.

/nɒnˈstandəd/, U.S.

/nɑnˈstændərd/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: non- prefix, standard n., adj., and int.

Etymology: < non- prefix + standard n., adj., and int.

A. adj.

a. Not standard; not conforming to the usual or accepted rules or measurements.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > [adjective] > deviating from rule or standard

exorbitant1534

unorthodox1629

aberrant1778

aberrated1786

divergent1801

radical1869

nonstandard1870

non-regular1896

non-regulation1953

non-conformant1960

alternative1962

sideways1969

alternate1970

marginala1988

alt1988

1870 Jrnl. Hort., Cottage Gardener, Country Gentleman 10 Feb. 119/1 We may safely assert of the Show under report that the standard classes have little to hope, and much to fear, from very many of the non-standard birds exhibited.

1886 Ohio Democrat (New Philadelphia, Ohio) 18 Mar. First see that you choose a standard horse. You may be told that he is registered with Wallace,..but he may be registered in the non-standard department.

1890 19th Cent. Aug. 323 There are cases where the employment of the non-standard substance in this representative character is greater than the employment of the standard substance itself.

1896 Polit. Sci. Q. 11 148 There is in New York an excess of the different forms of non-standard money.

1924 Simplified Pract. Recommendation (U.S. National Bureau Standards) XVI. 61 These tables include certain illustrative combinations of standard, and nonstandard, widths and thicknesses.

1962 A. Battersby Guide to Stock Control viii. 77 Another multiplier of stock items is the non-standard product.

2001 Contact May 22/3 The sockets used by the phones will have non-standard wiring.

b. Linguistics. Containing or designating a feature which is especially associated with uneducated usage.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > dialect > [adjective] > standard or standardized > non-standard

nonstandard1913

substandard1928

1913 A. Burrell Clear Speaking & Good Reading ii. 33 I do not wish to say that there are not allowable variations; nor do I wish to say that, even with a non-standard vowel pronunciation, beautiful reading is impossible.

1927 Mod. Lang. Notes 42 209 Characterizing the [Manx] dialect in a few words I would say, that it would seem to show..many special developments in the grammar where analogy has operated to produce non-standard forms.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iii. 48 ‘Bad’ or ‘vulgar’ or, as the linguist prefers to call it, non-standard English.

1996 Jrnl. Black Stud. 27 15 The following words and phrases reflect the terminology that was created within the hegemonic European framework to refer to the speech of African Americans..‘Negro (nonstandard) English’, ‘Negro Nonstandard Dialect’ [etc.].

2. Mathematics. Of a mathematical system: equivalent to the standard mathematical model for a given set of axioms as regards the truth of statements, but not as regards relations between elements, functions, and constants; spec. involving infinitesimals and infinities, as quantities which are not defined in the standard real number system but can be rigorously accommodated in a model which includes that system; (of a number) not corresponding to an element of the standard real system; either infinitesimal or infinite. Also: relating to or involving such a system or such numbers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > infinite > (not) involving infinities or infinitesimals

nonstandard1950

standard1961

1950 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 15 90 By appealing to Theorem 3..it becomes a simple matter to construct a model containing a non-standard number system which will satisfy all of the Peano postulates.

1961 A. Robinson in Proc. Koninkl. Nederlandse Akad. van Wetenschappen A. 64 432 (heading) Non-standard analysis.

1966 A. Robinson Non-standard Anal. p. vii In the fall of 1960 it occurred to me that the concepts and methods of contemporary Mathematical Logic are capable of providing a suitable framework for the development of the Differential and Integral Calculus by means of infinitely small and infinitely large numbers... The resulting subject was called by me Non-standard Analysis since it involves and was, in part, inspired by the so-called Non-standard models of Arithmetic whose existence was first pointed out by T. Skolem.

1982 W. S. Hatcher Logical Found. Math. viii. 312 The development of nonstandard analysis, which links foundational questions directly to the heart of applied mathematics, has also dramatized the importance of foundations for mathematical practice.

2002 New Scientist 26 Jan. 28/2 This new branch of maths, known as nonstandard analysis (NSA), cloaks each ordinary number with a cloud of nonstandard numbers, all closer to it than any other real number and differing from each other by an infinitesimal amount.

B. n.

A thing that is not a standard or rule, or does not conform to a standard or expectation. Also: spec. a tune or song that is not of established popularity, esp. in Jazz.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > [noun] > deviation from rule or standard > one who or that which > that which

anomal1530

anomaly1631

nonstandard1886

1886 Trans. Amer,. Soc. Mech. Engin. 7 20 I had considerable experience in a pipe mill in my younger days, and I know the evils of the present non-standards.

1916 W. E. Carroll Licensed Stallions Utah 1915 (Circular No. 19, Utah Agric. Coll. Exper. Station) 3 The 6 draft breeds are represented, 3 coach breeds, the Saddler, the Trotter, and the Running horse, besides Non-standards, jacks and grades.

1965 Oxf. Econ. Papers 17 406 The producers would not be able to avoid the continuing demand from the private sector for the present sizes unless it could, by agreement, start to treat them as non-standards, and so charge a higher price.

1991 New Yorker 28 Oct. 108/3 Jody Watley counters with ‘After You (who?)’—the one non-standard in the collection—in a late-fifties smooth-orchestra-cum-jazz-piano arrangement, racy and confident.

2000 National Jrnl. (U.S.) 23 Dec. 3933/2 It follows, as the night the day, that the standards (or non-standards) used in Broward and Miami-Dade were not credible or fair to Bush.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	nonstandard
释义	nonstandardadj.n. Brit. /nɒnˈstandəd/, U.S. /nɑnˈstændərd/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: non- prefix, standard n., adj., and int. Etymology: < non- prefix + standard n., adj., and int. A. adj. 1. a. Not standard; not conforming to the usual or accepted rules or measurements. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > [adjective] > deviating from rule or standard exorbitant1534 unorthodox1629 aberrant1778 aberrated1786 divergent1801 radical1869 nonstandard1870 non-regular1896 non-regulation1953 non-conformant1960 alternative1962 sideways1969 alternate1970 marginala1988 alt1988 1870 Jrnl. Hort., Cottage Gardener, Country Gentleman 10 Feb. 119/1 We may safely assert of the Show under report that the standard classes have little to hope, and much to fear, from very many of the non-standard birds exhibited. 1886 Ohio Democrat (New Philadelphia, Ohio) 18 Mar. First see that you choose a standard horse. You may be told that he is registered with Wallace,..but he may be registered in the non-standard department. 1890 19th Cent. Aug. 323 There are cases where the employment of the non-standard substance in this representative character is greater than the employment of the standard substance itself. 1896 Polit. Sci. Q. 11 148 There is in New York an excess of the different forms of non-standard money. 1924 Simplified Pract. Recommendation (U.S. National Bureau Standards) XVI. 61 These tables include certain illustrative combinations of standard, and nonstandard, widths and thicknesses. 1962 A. Battersby Guide to Stock Control viii. 77 Another multiplier of stock items is the non-standard product. 2001 Contact May 22/3 The sockets used by the phones will have non-standard wiring. b. Linguistics. Containing or designating a feature which is especially associated with uneducated usage. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > dialect > [adjective] > standard or standardized > non-standard nonstandard1913 substandard1928 1913 A. Burrell Clear Speaking & Good Reading ii. 33 I do not wish to say that there are not allowable variations; nor do I wish to say that, even with a non-standard vowel pronunciation, beautiful reading is impossible. 1927 Mod. Lang. Notes 42 209 Characterizing the [Manx] dialect in a few words I would say, that it would seem to show..many special developments in the grammar where analogy has operated to produce non-standard forms. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iii. 48 ‘Bad’ or ‘vulgar’ or, as the linguist prefers to call it, non-standard English. 1996 Jrnl. Black Stud. 27 15 The following words and phrases reflect the terminology that was created within the hegemonic European framework to refer to the speech of African Americans..‘Negro (nonstandard) English’, ‘Negro Nonstandard Dialect’ [etc.]. 2. Mathematics. Of a mathematical system: equivalent to the standard mathematical model for a given set of axioms as regards the truth of statements, but not as regards relations between elements, functions, and constants; spec. involving infinitesimals and infinities, as quantities which are not defined in the standard real number system but can be rigorously accommodated in a model which includes that system; (of a number) not corresponding to an element of the standard real system; either infinitesimal or infinite. Also: relating to or involving such a system or such numbers. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > infinite > (not) involving infinities or infinitesimals nonstandard1950 standard1961 1950 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 15 90 By appealing to Theorem 3..it becomes a simple matter to construct a model containing a non-standard number system which will satisfy all of the Peano postulates. 1961 A. Robinson in Proc. Koninkl. Nederlandse Akad. van Wetenschappen A. 64 432 (heading) Non-standard analysis. 1966 A. Robinson Non-standard Anal. p. vii In the fall of 1960 it occurred to me that the concepts and methods of contemporary Mathematical Logic are capable of providing a suitable framework for the development of the Differential and Integral Calculus by means of infinitely small and infinitely large numbers... The resulting subject was called by me Non-standard Analysis since it involves and was, in part, inspired by the so-called Non-standard models of Arithmetic whose existence was first pointed out by T. Skolem. 1982 W. S. Hatcher Logical Found. Math. viii. 312 The development of nonstandard analysis, which links foundational questions directly to the heart of applied mathematics, has also dramatized the importance of foundations for mathematical practice. 2002 New Scientist 26 Jan. 28/2 This new branch of maths, known as nonstandard analysis (NSA), cloaks each ordinary number with a cloud of nonstandard numbers, all closer to it than any other real number and differing from each other by an infinitesimal amount. B. n. A thing that is not a standard or rule, or does not conform to a standard or expectation. Also: spec. a tune or song that is not of established popularity, esp. in Jazz. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > [noun] > deviation from rule or standard > one who or that which > that which anomal1530 anomaly1631 nonstandard1886 1886 Trans. Amer,. Soc. Mech. Engin. 7 20 I had considerable experience in a pipe mill in my younger days, and I know the evils of the present non-standards. 1916 W. E. Carroll Licensed Stallions Utah 1915 (Circular No. 19, Utah Agric. Coll. Exper. Station) 3 The 6 draft breeds are represented, 3 coach breeds, the Saddler, the Trotter, and the Running horse, besides Non-standards, jacks and grades. 1965 Oxf. Econ. Papers 17 406 The producers would not be able to avoid the continuing demand from the private sector for the present sizes unless it could, by agreement, start to treat them as non-standards, and so charge a higher price. 1991 New Yorker 28 Oct. 108/3 Jody Watley counters with ‘After You (who?)’—the one non-standard in the collection—in a late-fifties smooth-orchestra-cum-jazz-piano arrangement, racy and confident. 2000 National Jrnl. (U.S.) 23 Dec. 3933/2 It follows, as the night the day, that the standards (or non-standards) used in Broward and Miami-Dade were not credible or fair to Bush. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1870
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