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单词 nouther
释义

noutherpron.adv.1conj.adj.

Brit. /ˈnaʊðə/, U.S. /ˈnaʊðər/, Scottish English /ˈnʌʊθər/
Forms:

α. Old English–early Middle English nouðer, early Middle English neouþer, early Middle English neouðer, Middle English nouder, Middle English noudyr, Middle English nouþer, Middle English nouthere, Middle English nouthir, Middle English nouthire, Middle English nouthyr, Middle English nouþir, Middle English nouþire, Middle English nouþur, Middle English novther, Middle English–1500s nouther; English regional (northern and midlands) 1800s nouder, 1800s– nouther; Scottish pre-1700 nouder, pre-1700 nouthire, pre-1700 nouthyr, pre-1700 novder, pre-1700 novdir, pre-1700 1700s– nouther, pre-1700 1800s nouthir.

β. Old English–early Middle English nowðer, Old English–Middle English nowþer, early Middle English nowwþerr ( Ormulum), Middle English nowder, Middle English nowdir, Middle English nowdyr, Middle English nowdyre, Middle English nowether, Middle English nowthere, Middle English nowthir, Middle English nowthire, Middle English nowthre, Middle English nowthyr, Middle English nowþre, Middle English–1600s nowther; English regional (chiefly northern) 1700s– nowther, 1800s nowdir, 1800s– nowder, 1800s– nowdther; Scottish pre-1700 nowder, pre-1700 nowdir, pre-1700 nowthair, pre-1700 nowthir, pre-1700 nowthyr, pre-1700 1700s– nowther; N.E.D (1907) also records a form late Middle English nowþire.

γ. Scottish pre-1700 nolder, pre-1700 noldyr, pre-1700 nowlder, pre-1700 nowldir.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: ne adv.1, outher pron.
Etymology: < ne adv.1 + outher pron. Compare Old Frisian nouder (shortened < noweder ). Compare nather adv., pron., and adj., nauther pron., adv., and adj., nother adj.2 and pron.2, nother pron.1 and adj.1, nother adv.1
Now English regional (chiefly northern) and Scottish.
A. pron.
Not one (of two or more persons or things). Also †neither nouther.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [noun] > none or not any one of > neither
nauthereOE
noutherOE
notherlOE
neitherc1300
OE Agreement between Bp. Wærferð & Æðelwold (Sawyer 1441) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 25 He næfre ne heora nowðer hine bereafian wolde þære mæstreddene.
?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1140 Þe king & Randolf eorl..treuthes fæston ðæt her nouþer sculde besuiken other.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12872 Þatt nowwþerr þeȝȝre nohht ne laȝȝ. I nane depe sinness.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 31 Ah totin ut wið uten uuel ne mei ower nowðer [a1250 Nero nouþer of ou].
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 10065 Þenne nis him neouðer [c1300 Otho noþer] god, no þat lond no þat flod.
c1390 (c1300) MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 242 (MED) Nouþer of hem nedde a peny to ȝelde, And he kudde corteysliche and belde And forȝaf hem heore dette boþe.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 119v Tweye bodies þat ben blisful, as bodies schal be in þe blisse of heuene, may nouȝt be in oo place and stede, for nouthir of hem may be material in none wyse to þat oþir.
a1400 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Egerton) (1966) 976 (MED) Nouther ne wyl other deed seene; Þey lete it falle hem bytwene.
1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 95 As I wene the Holigost appreveth nether nouther.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 1842 (MED) Nouther of þam wald other forga.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 6528 (MED) He shal..holde hem togidre faste so Þat nouþer outraye oþer fro.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 49 Nouthir of the parties had power to stryke a strake.
1572–3 Court Bk. Broughton & Canongate (1937) 434 He suld nocht be compellit to entir in pley..except in thre caces..and it is swa that this actioun is nowther of thay thre.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 98 Quhen baith ar present, thay ar seine in nouther of thame to delyte mekle.
1833 J. Close Satirist 159 Mappen nouder ev us.
1868 J. Young Poems 15 Whether to class't mule, naig or cuddy; Or, aiblins, nouther o' the three.
1890 R. T. Farquhar Shilling for Thoughts 8 Nowdther on 'em's natur.
B. adv.1 (and conj.)
1. Introducing reference to alternatives or different things, about each of which a negative statement is made. Followed by †ne, †no, or nor. Cf. neither adv. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adverb] > neither
nouthereOE
no morec1385
both1485
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adjective] > no, none, or not any > neither
notherc1325
nouthera1393
neithera1400
nary1746
α.
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) i. 25 Gif hi nouðer gecnawan ne cunnan ne ða medtrymnesse ne eac ða wyrta ðe ðærwið sculon.
?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Ne for baren hi nouther circe ne cyrceiærd.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 9 Ȝef þu sungedest to-ward þine drihtene..nouþer gold ne seoluer ne moste gan for þe.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 27 Ah wið him ne schule ȝe nowðer uerseilin ne singen.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 15063 Nouðer quic ne dead, ne durren heo me abiden.
c1325 in T. Wright Specimens Lyric Poetry (1842) xxxvii. 102 When thou shalt deȝe, ner thou nost nouther day ne nyht.
J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) 64 (MED) And the ferthe is that he that takes it Be nouthir of lered ne of lawed, baptized before.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii.1412 He was nouther ther ne hiere.
c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees (Sloane 2464) 1147 (MED) With Oute..cherysshyng of the Reyn, In his bewte Comyth nouthir flour nor greyn.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 806 (MED) Þai had ȝitt nouthir house no halde.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 688/2 It never ceaseth nouther daye nor nyght.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 110 Thay haif a mouth can nouther say nor sing.
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 108 Ȝour grace sayis nouther ȝe nor nay.
c1603 Philotus xl. sig. B4 Sche'ill nocht be win be na deuyce, For nouther prayer nor for pryce, For gould nor vther gaine.
1723 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. I. 50 We hae nowther pot nor pan.
1791 J. Learmont Poems Pastoral 58 An' at a sour leuk, or correction Maun nouther frein nor mint objection.
1868 J. Young Poems 13 'Twas nouther marly, white nor grey, Piebald, nor broun, nor black, nor bay.
1880 J. Hamilton Poems (1885) 59 For nouther bread nor butter.
1891 ‘H. Haliburton’ Ochil Idylls 26 The mune..Shaws nouther face nor form.
β. OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xviii. 301 Ða heora hæðenan gild..nowðer ne him sylfum gehelpan meahton, ne æniges þæra gehelpan þe to him ænig[re] are wilnode.c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 72 Þa Iudeiscan noldon nowþre folȝian ne Moysen ne Criste mid nane soðfestnesse.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3124 Forr birrþ me nowwþerr hellpenn þe. To lif. ne to þe sawle.c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) 1686 (MED) Ne eileð þer na mon..nowðer heate ne chele, nowðer hunger ne þurst.c1275 Doomsday (Calig.) in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 45 (MED) Ne schulen heo nowðer fiȝte mid schelde ne mid spere.?a1300 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 771 He ne haueþ..nowþer mey ne mowe þat þer doren a þrowe Bi hem sitten ne stonde.a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 2470 Ther halp him nowther swerd ne scheld.?c1400 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Sidney Sussex) (1884) Cant. Ez.12 Þou nowþer deliuers fro syn no fro helle.a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 3202 Þat he myȝt nowther se ny go.1477 W. Pecock in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 421 They arn nowthir redyn nor corayd... Whyte wol not a-tende hem nowdyr for Peris ner for me.a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 207 For thow hes nowthir for to drink nor eit.1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xxv. 21 My hairt, tak nowdir pane nor wa.1684 G. Meriton York-shire Dial. (E.D.S.) 448 But nowther th' Why nor Filly we will sell.1719 W. Hamilton Epist. i. i, in A. Ramsay Poems (1760) 96 There's nowther highlandman nor lawlan [etc.].1761 J. Reed Register-office i. 12 Marry, Sur, I like nowther Egg, nor Shell on't.1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 50 I can tell you nowther mair nor less.1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 79 I nowther heed house, lan, or siller.1817 J. Hogg Haunted Glen ii. ii, in Dramatic Tales II. 247 Master, hae ye nouther mense nor good manners?1903 J. Lumsden Toorle 250 I spared nowther grub nor tod!1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 88/2 Nowther, Nowder, conj. Neither. ‘Thaat's nowther hey-er ne there.’1997 W. Rollinson Dict. Cumbrian Dial. 114/2 Nowther—ner, neither—nor; it's nowther nowt ner summat.γ. 1499 in C. Innes Liber Sancte Marie de Melros (1837) 622 That noldyr we nor our successouris..sal neuir inquiet truble nor wex..The said James.1558 in R. Renwick Abstr. Protocols Town Clerks Glasgow (1896) II. 58 To haif nayne maner of esyamentis in the saidis gavile nowlder bowall nor chymnay.1574 in J. D. Marwick Rec. Convent. Royal Burghs Scotl. (1870) I. 31 Na craftisman hes evir had nolder aucht or suld haif voit.
2. Reinforcing a preceding negative; = neither adv. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > negation > [adverb] > used to strengthen preceding negative
noutherc1175
notherc1225
neither1551
me neither1882
me either1898
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10216 Helle pitt niss næfre full Ne grediȝnesse nowwþerr.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) 1517 (MED) Ne mei hit liste ne luðer strengðe nowðer of na liuiende mon leowsin ne leoðien.
a1300 Passion our Lord 608 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 54 (MED) Gost naueþ none bon, Ne vleys ne bon nouþer.
J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) 46 (MED) The fifth biddes us that we sla naman, That is at say, bodili ne gastly nouthir.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 660 (MED) Fyue poyntez..fayld neuer Ne samned neuer in no syde, ne sundred nouþer, Withouten ende at any noke.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1977 (MED) Nyf my Seniourie ne I my-selfe nouthire, All þe werd myȝt a wedowe wele þan be callid.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 7546 (MED) Þai wer na monkes ne chanouns nouthir, Slyke as in colage duelt to gydir.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1930 We loue noght his lede, ne his land nowþer.
1820 J. Hogg Winter Evening Tales I. 270 She's nae wother-weight nouther.
1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross xxv. 179 Rome wasn't built in a day, Constantinople nouther.
1871 J. Richardson Cummerland Talk 1st Ser. 147 Theer' ill be feuls up theer, as theer us doon here, an' mebby neah mair o' them nowder.
†3. Negating a second or further alternative: nor, nor yet; and not, also not; = neither adv. 2. Obsolete.With inversion of subject and verb when introducing a full clause.
ΚΠ
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) 1703 Þe neauer ne linneð nowðer ne lesseð.
J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) 78 (MED) Nouthir sal we fall so ferr in al wanhope That we ne sall traist to have blisse if we wele do.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 275 Þe Camele goþ no more a day þan he is woned to do nouþer takeþ more burþene þan he is y-woned to bere.
c1450 J. Metham Physiognomy in Wks. (1916) 127 (MED) Yt were noght proffytabyl to the rederrys, noudyr to the hererrys.
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 2551 (MED) Remedy may noone be had, Nouther salue.
1534 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 375 Ye tried out nothing of her falshed, nouther..entended to do.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 260 Ffor nowther was he ouer lang,..nouther ouer schort.
1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 410 Nowther like I the yallow-wym'd-ask.
C. adj. (determiner).
Not the one or the other, neither.
ΚΠ
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10902 Nowwþerr mahht. Off þise tweȝȝenn mahhtess. Niss god inoh. ȝiff þatt itt iss. All shadd ut fra þatt oþerr.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 197 Swa þet þu ne dest hit nouðer time.
1386 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 9 That nane pundys sal be tane of nouther syde for na manere of [etc.].
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2254 (MED) The Erthe..Receiveth and alich devoureth, That sche to nouther part favoureth.
a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 44 Neuter, noþer. Neutro, by nouþer syde.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 4992 (MED) Thus atwen ire and twen affeccioun She heeld hir longe, on nouther parti stable.
1523 in Lett. & Papers Henry VIII IV. i. 15 Wher unto the lordes maid na answer to nowder parte.
c1533 Boece v. ii. 166b Nowthir partie apperit leif the field.
1791 J. Learmont Poems Pastoral 329 Nouther party's tentive how to please.
1877 F. T. Elworthy Outl. Gram. Dial. W. Somerset 25 ‘Noa’ would usually be used with general or pl. nouns, and ‘nuurdh'er’ with those of the definite or personal class. as ‘nuudhur ko'ăt.’
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† noutheradv.2

Forms: Middle English nouþer.
Origin: Probably formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: nouther-where adv.
Etymology: Probably short for nouther-where adv. Compare nother adv.2 Compare also Older Scots nouthir ellis-quhar:1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 522 The kyng..Till thame, and nouthir ellis-quhar, Had ey. Middle Eng. Dict. s.v. nouther adv. interprets the quots. as showing nouther adv.1 (compare sense 3 s.v.).
Obsolete.
Nowhere. Cf. nouther-where adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > here, there, etc. > [adverb] > nowhere
nowhereeOE
never wherea1400
no-gatesa1400
nothera1400
nother-wherea1400
nouthera1400
nouther-wherea1400
nowheres1847
no-gate1879
noplace1880
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 17556 Þar es he soth and nouþer [Vesp. noþer, Trin. Camb. nowhere, Fairf. nowwher] ellis.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xi. 1 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 144 (MED) Sauf me, lauerd, for halgh nouþer wones [L. defecit], For lessed ere sothenes fra mennes sones.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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pron.adv.1conj.adj.eOEadv.2a1400
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