nuchaladj.n.

Brit.

/ˈnjuːkl/, U.S.

/ˈn(j)uk(ə)l/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: nucha n., -al suffix¹.

Etymology: < nucha n. + -al suffix¹, perhaps after scientific Latin nuchalis (1812 or earlier, as specific epithet). Compare slightly later French nucal (1837).

Anatomy and Zoology.

A. adj.

Of, relating to, or belonging to the nucha or nape of the neck (nucha n. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > neck > [adjective] > back of neck

nuchal1833

1833 W. Jardine Nat. Hist. Humming-birds (Naturalist's Libr.: Ornithol. I) I. 124 The nuchal collar and under parts are pure white.

1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals I. x. 303 The wheel-animals in which Ehrenberg detected..a nuchal nervous collar.

1840 R. Owen in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1839: Rep. State Sci. 90 Powerful nuchal muscles.

1849 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 139 152 The anterior symmetrical piece.., constant in all Chelonia, is called the ‘nuchal’ plate.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 468 The structure of the eyes on the nuchal tentacles.

1913 Gray's Anat. (ed. 18) 236 Extending lateralwards..on either side is the superior nuchal line.

1949 Amer. Midland Naturalist 41 93 Adult male [flicker].., throat vinaceous-colored, nuchal bar and malar strip red, vinaceous wash on underparts.

1983 Jrnl. Amer. Geriatric Soc. 31 590 Elderly patients who have nuchal rigidity with no history of neurologic or cognitive disorders should be investigated for meningitis.

1995 P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N. W. Europe x. 491/2 The mantle cavity of limpets consists of a shallow pallial groove around the base of the foot, and a deeper nuchal cavity behind the head.

B. n.

Zoology. In chelonians: the most anterior of the median row of bony plates of the carapace, which forms the dorsal part of the opening for the neck.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > member of > parts of > shell or parts of

shell1542

tortoiseshell1601

breastplate1698

plastron1831

hyposternal1835

neural plate1849

nuchal1864

hypoplastron1871

medullary plate1879

neural1888

neural bone1889

1864 A. C. L. G. Günther Reptiles Brit. India 35 The first vertebral shield..has six sides: the anterior, in contact with the nuchal, is the shortest.

1885 Palæontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv. India) 3 187 First three vertebral plates rather broader than long..nuchal broad and triangular; vertebrals keeled in young.

1901 H. Gadow in Cambr. Nat. Hist. VIII. ix. 324 In the Chelydridae..the nuchal sends out a pair of long rib-like processes.

1957 Bull. Mus. Compar. Zoöl. Harvard 115 171 The very similar term ‘pre-neural’ has long been in use for an element that is immediately posterior to the nuchal.

1993 M. W. Klemens Amphibians & Reptiles Connecticut v. 149 Like the loggerhead, it [sc. the Atlantic ripley] has five costals, the first costal always in conjunction with the nuchal.

Compounds

nuchal crest n. (a) Zoology a crest of feathers, hair, scales, or skin on the back of the neck; (b) Anatomy and Zoology, a ridge at the back of the skull to which ligaments and muscles of the neck are attached.

ΚΠ

1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 96 The male [green lizard], when bowing, erected a small nuchal crest.

1899 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 29 146 The remaining [skulls] are as a series characterized by..unusually ,massive mastoid processes and nuchal crests.

1910 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 44 266 The nuchal crest may be said to ascend 110 per cent. in the male gorilla, 80 per cent. in the orang, 75 per cent. in the chimpanzee, and 30 per cent. in man.

1956 Proc. Zool. Soc. 126 583 In this paper we use the terms ‘nuchal crest’, ‘nuchal shelf’ and ‘occipital crest’ interchangeably, to describe the plate of bone which develops in the occipital region along the line where the temporalis and nuchal muscles approximate.

1985 Horse & Hound 1 Mar. 126/3 The skull has a thick ridge between the ears, the nuchal crest.

1996 Zeitschr. f. Fischkunde 3 235 (title) Agonistic behavioural patterns on the blenniid fish Scartella cristata..and the role of its unusual nuchal crest.

nuchal fold n. Medicine (a) Zoology a fold of skin on the back of the neck or posterior region of the head of an animal; (b) Medicine the soft tissue at the back of the neck of a fetus as seen by ultrasound examination, thickening of which is associated with Down's syndrome and other chromosomal and developmental abnormalities; = nuchal translucency n.

ΚΠ

1850 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 516 The integument is impressed by a groove which passes transversely from shoulder to shoulder; and there are two transverse nuchal folds.

1919 Mem. Mus. Compar. Zool. Harvard 48 452 A nuchal fold..is prominent commonly in these two genera along the anterior edge of the fourth somite.

1987 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 26 Nov. 1375/2 We would recommend amniocentesis if evidence of a thickened nuchal fold or a shortened femur was observed.

2002 Jrnl. Herpetol. 36 370/1 Bright yellow vertebral stripe extends from nuchal fold nearly to anterior margin of vent.

2005 Daily Tel. 18 Mar. 22/4 We'd had the nuchal fold test—where they check for fluid at the back of the baby's neck—and had passed.

nuchal ligament n. Anatomy and Zoology a large fibroelastic ligament extending from the cervical vertebrae to the occiput in many mammals, serving as a support for the head; also called ligamentum nuchae.

ΚΠ

1854 R. Owen Principal Forms Skeleton & Teeth 16 The nuchal ligament in the mole.

1945 Amer. Midland Naturalist 33 318 Splenius.—Arises from nuchal ligament and by tendons from tips of neural spines of first two thoracic vertebrae.

1991 Daily Tel. 11 Oct. 6/7 The quartz capsule is inserted in the nuchal ligament, which is not used in countries where horse meat is eaten.

nuchal translucency n. Medicine the soft tissue at the back of the neck of a fetus as seen by ultrasound examination, thickening of which is associated with Down's syndrome and other chromosomal and developmental abnormalities; a measurement of this.

ΚΠ

1992 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Apr. 867 (title) Fetal nuchal translucency: ultrasound screening for chromosomal defects in first trimester of pregnancy.

2000 Daily Tel. 29 Mar. 23/4 We were reassured to discover that both twins had a nuchal translucency within the normal range.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nuchal
释义	nuchaladj.n. Brit. /ˈnjuːkl/, U.S. /ˈn(j)uk(ə)l/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: nucha n., -al suffix¹. Etymology: < nucha n. + -al suffix¹, perhaps after scientific Latin nuchalis (1812 or earlier, as specific epithet). Compare slightly later French nucal (1837). Anatomy and Zoology. A. adj. Of, relating to, or belonging to the nucha or nape of the neck (nucha n. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > neck > [adjective] > back of neck nuchal1833 1833 W. Jardine Nat. Hist. Humming-birds (Naturalist's Libr.: Ornithol. I) I. 124 The nuchal collar and under parts are pure white. 1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals I. x. 303 The wheel-animals in which Ehrenberg detected..a nuchal nervous collar. 1840 R. Owen in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1839: Rep. State Sci. 90 Powerful nuchal muscles. 1849 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 139 152 The anterior symmetrical piece.., constant in all Chelonia, is called the ‘nuchal’ plate. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 468 The structure of the eyes on the nuchal tentacles. 1913 Gray's Anat. (ed. 18) 236 Extending lateralwards..on either side is the superior nuchal line. 1949 Amer. Midland Naturalist 41 93 Adult male [flicker].., throat vinaceous-colored, nuchal bar and malar strip red, vinaceous wash on underparts. 1983 Jrnl. Amer. Geriatric Soc. 31 590 Elderly patients who have nuchal rigidity with no history of neurologic or cognitive disorders should be investigated for meningitis. 1995 P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N. W. Europe x. 491/2 The mantle cavity of limpets consists of a shallow pallial groove around the base of the foot, and a deeper nuchal cavity behind the head. B. n. Zoology. In chelonians: the most anterior of the median row of bony plates of the carapace, which forms the dorsal part of the opening for the neck. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > member of > parts of > shell or parts of shell1542 tortoiseshell1601 breastplate1698 plastron1831 hyposternal1835 neural plate1849 nuchal1864 hypoplastron1871 medullary plate1879 neural1888 neural bone1889 1864 A. C. L. G. Günther Reptiles Brit. India 35 The first vertebral shield..has six sides: the anterior, in contact with the nuchal, is the shortest. 1885 Palæontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv. India) 3 187 First three vertebral plates rather broader than long..nuchal broad and triangular; vertebrals keeled in young. 1901 H. Gadow in Cambr. Nat. Hist. VIII. ix. 324 In the Chelydridae..the nuchal sends out a pair of long rib-like processes. 1957 Bull. Mus. Compar. Zoöl. Harvard 115 171 The very similar term ‘pre-neural’ has long been in use for an element that is immediately posterior to the nuchal. 1993 M. W. Klemens Amphibians & Reptiles Connecticut v. 149 Like the loggerhead, it [sc. the Atlantic ripley] has five costals, the first costal always in conjunction with the nuchal. Compounds nuchal crest n. (a) Zoology a crest of feathers, hair, scales, or skin on the back of the neck; (b) Anatomy and Zoology, a ridge at the back of the skull to which ligaments and muscles of the neck are attached. ΚΠ 1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 96 The male [green lizard], when bowing, erected a small nuchal crest. 1899 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 29 146 The remaining [skulls] are as a series characterized by..unusually ,massive mastoid processes and nuchal crests. 1910 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 44 266 The nuchal crest may be said to ascend 110 per cent. in the male gorilla, 80 per cent. in the orang, 75 per cent. in the chimpanzee, and 30 per cent. in man. 1956 Proc. Zool. Soc. 126 583 In this paper we use the terms ‘nuchal crest’, ‘nuchal shelf’ and ‘occipital crest’ interchangeably, to describe the plate of bone which develops in the occipital region along the line where the temporalis and nuchal muscles approximate. 1985 Horse & Hound 1 Mar. 126/3 The skull has a thick ridge between the ears, the nuchal crest. 1996 Zeitschr. f. Fischkunde 3 235 (title) Agonistic behavioural patterns on the blenniid fish Scartella cristata..and the role of its unusual nuchal crest. nuchal fold n. Medicine (a) Zoology a fold of skin on the back of the neck or posterior region of the head of an animal; (b) Medicine the soft tissue at the back of the neck of a fetus as seen by ultrasound examination, thickening of which is associated with Down's syndrome and other chromosomal and developmental abnormalities; = nuchal translucency n. ΚΠ 1850 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 516 The integument is impressed by a groove which passes transversely from shoulder to shoulder; and there are two transverse nuchal folds. 1919 Mem. Mus. Compar. Zool. Harvard 48 452 A nuchal fold..is prominent commonly in these two genera along the anterior edge of the fourth somite. 1987 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 26 Nov. 1375/2 We would recommend amniocentesis if evidence of a thickened nuchal fold or a shortened femur was observed. 2002 Jrnl. Herpetol. 36 370/1 Bright yellow vertebral stripe extends from nuchal fold nearly to anterior margin of vent. 2005 Daily Tel. 18 Mar. 22/4 We'd had the nuchal fold test—where they check for fluid at the back of the baby's neck—and had passed. nuchal ligament n. Anatomy and Zoology a large fibroelastic ligament extending from the cervical vertebrae to the occiput in many mammals, serving as a support for the head; also called ligamentum nuchae. ΚΠ 1854 R. Owen Principal Forms Skeleton & Teeth 16 The nuchal ligament in the mole. 1945 Amer. Midland Naturalist 33 318 Splenius.—Arises from nuchal ligament and by tendons from tips of neural spines of first two thoracic vertebrae. 1991 Daily Tel. 11 Oct. 6/7 The quartz capsule is inserted in the nuchal ligament, which is not used in countries where horse meat is eaten. nuchal translucency n. Medicine the soft tissue at the back of the neck of a fetus as seen by ultrasound examination, thickening of which is associated with Down's syndrome and other chromosomal and developmental abnormalities; a measurement of this. ΚΠ 1992 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Apr. 867 (title) Fetal nuchal translucency: ultrasound screening for chromosomal defects in first trimester of pregnancy. 2000 Daily Tel. 29 Mar. 23/4 We were reassured to discover that both twins had a nuchal translucency within the normal range. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1833
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