nodulen.

Brit.

/ˈnɒdjuːl/,

/ˈnɒdʒuːl/,

/ˈnɒdʒᵿl/, U.S.

/ˈnɑdʒul/

Forms: late Middle English noddel, late Middle English nodel, late Middle English nodle, late Middle English– nodule, 1600s nodul, 1600s nudil.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin nōdulus.

Etymology: < classical Latin nōdulus little knot, joint or node in a plant, in post-classical Latin also a cauterizing instrument (late 13th cent. in Lanfranc), a plug or pellet used in cauterizing (1363 in Chauliac), a small bag containing medicines (1594 in the passage translated in quot. 1634 at sense 2) < nōdus knot (see node n.) + -ulus -ule suffix. Compare Middle French, French nodule (late 15th cent. in Chauliac).In sense 5 after German Knötchen (J. C. Reil 1807, in Arch. f. die Physiol. 8 8).

1. Medicine and Pathology. A small node; esp. a small, usually rounded and firm, mass of normal or abnormal tissue.pulp-, singer's nodule: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [noun] > a swelling or protuberance

ampereOE

kernelc1000

wenc1000

knot?c1225

swella1250

bulchc1300

bunchc1325

bolninga1340

botcha1387

bouge1398

nodusa1400

oedemaa1400

wax-kernel14..

knobc1405

nodule?a1425

more?c1425

bunnyc1440

papa1450

knurc1460

waxing kernel?c1460

lump?a1500

waxen-kernel1500

bump1533

puff1538

tumour?1541

swelling1542

elevation1543

enlarging1562

knub1563

pimple1582

ganglion1583

button1584

phyma1585

emphysema?1587

flesh-pimple1587

oedem?a1591

burgeon1597

wartle1598

hurtle1599

pough1601

wart1603

extumescence1611

hulch1611

peppernel1613

affusion1615

extumescency1684

jog1715

knibloch1780

tumefaction1802

hunch1803

income1808

intumescence1822

gibber1853

tumescence1859

whetstone1886

tumidity1897

Osler's node1920

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 4 (MED) A capitle adminiculatyue of nodulez [L. nodis], i. knottes, glandulez, & scrophulez and al fleumatic excrescencez, i. waxynges.

1809 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 99 316 In some cases nodules of opaque thick ropy matter..accompany this mucilage-like matter.

1820 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 110 5 A tumor in the prostate gland, made up of rounded nodules.

1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 108 By its contraction the lobular substance of the liver is drawn into round nodules.

1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xiii. 275 The true skin next thickens and rises in nodules.

1880 H. C. Bastian Brain 27 The groups of nerve cells..are usually aggregated so as to form distinct and separate nodules known as ‘ganglia’.

1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiii. 293 The sesamoid bones form a third class. These are small nodules of bones developed within the tendons of certain of the limb-muscles close to the joints.

1942 Arch. Pathol. 33 673 It is probably justifiable to term these nodules tumors in the broader sense or perhaps even in the more narrow interpretation of the word.

1984 J. R. Tighe & D. R. Davies Pathol. (ed. 4) x. 67 Slowly growing nodules..have virtually no effect on the individual.

1991 Esquire Jan. 35/2 The nodule, shaped like a tiny Cheerio, was a necrotizing granuloma, caused by tuberculosis.

†2. A small bag containing a medicinal preparation or spices, often tied up with a knot. Cf. nodulus n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > pills, tablets, etc. > [noun] > small bag containing medicine

nodulus1583

nodule1593

nodus1688

1593 S. Kellwaye Defensative against Plague vi. f. 5 It were good and necessary..to carry in your hand some sweéte Pomander, Nodule, or Nosegaie, that will comforte the hart, resist venem, and recreate the vitall spirites.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. lxx. 420 Hang in the vessell a nodule [Fr. nouet] or knot full of cinnamome [etc.].

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxvi. xxiii. 1053 Nodules [L. noduli, Fr. nouets] have the same use with Suppositories, and are oftentimes substituted in stead of Glysters.

1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. v, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Bb^v Of Nudils or Penicils.

1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana ii. ix. 928/2 Tie it up in a bit of Silk in form of a Nodule.

1714 Philos. Trans. 1713 (Royal Soc.) 28 229 They smell to black Cummin-seed bruised and tyed up in a Nodule.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 65 Applied warm, in nodules or sacks, it assuages pain.

3. Mineralogy, Geology, and Metallurgy. A small rounded lump of material distinct from its surroundings within a matrix or on a substrate. Also figurative.manganese nodule: see manganese n. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > nodule

nodule1695

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 177 Minerals and Ores of Metalls..are amass'd into Balls, Lumps, or Nodules.

1723 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth (ed. 3) 207 Strata compiled of metallick and mineral Nodules.

1767 Philos. Trans. 1766 (Royal Soc.) 56 36 A large cake, or nodule, of tin ore, weighing about six pounds.

1813 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. vi. 153 In some of the beds of clay over coal detached nodules of iron-stone occur.

1885 Academy 24 Oct. 265/1 A single point of literature, one shining nodule broken off the rock.

1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) viii. 120 Cathodically deposited metal..may be regularly developed or covered with excrescences (nodules, trees) or marred by cracks or holes.

1960 L. D. Stamp Britain's Struct. & Scenery (ed. 5) 75 Nodules and broken layers of flints.

1998 Civilization Mar. 62/2 On Mount Greylock itself, I found a white nodule of quartz, sunk in a bowl of melted snow.

4. Botany. A small node, knot, or protuberance in the stem or other part of a plant; spec. = root nodule n. at root n.¹ Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > protuberance or lump > [noun]

node1391

knot1398

burble1555

tubercle1597

hump1709

pustule1756

wart1793

papula1795

nodule1796

papule1821

papilla1832

grain1836

wartlet1856

1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 141 Branches very fine,..nodules of fructifications small.

1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) i. ii. 79 Those nodules which are so well known in the bark of the Beech, and some other trees.

1858 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 3) ii. i. 205 These plants are produced by..minute cellular nodules called gemmæ or buds.

1890 Proc. Royal Soc. 1889–90 47 104 The larger plant had a large cluster of nodules on the main root.

1922 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 72/1 The so-called ‘nodule’ organisms..live in symbiosis with the leguminous plants.

1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xvi. 344 Inside each nodule are cavities filled with the bacteria. These micro-organisms have the faculty of using energy derived from carbohydrates to ‘fix’ gaseous atmospheric nitrogen.

1965 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) 303 In the development of the nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of the Leguminosae the first process is a normal infection of the rootlets by..Rhizobium leguminosarum.

2001 M. Blake 24 Karat Schmooze xvii. 185 Winter had dissipated, the ground had softened up and green nodules dotted the ends of every twig.

5. Anatomy. = nodulus n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > cerebellum > parts of

lobe1672

arbor vitae1800

nodule1839

amygdala1845

nodulus1848

uvula1848

roof nucleus1872

prepeduncle1886

declive1889

postpeduncle1889

archicerebellum1937

1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 690 The anterior extremity of the inferior vermiform process projects into the cavity of the fourth ventricle, and serves to close it at its inferior extremity... Reil has named it the Nodule.

1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 49 The apex of the uvula, which projects into the fourth ventricle, is the nodule.

1962 Gray's Anat. (ed. 33) 1000 The lateral aspect of the nodule is free anteriorly and is covered with grey matter.

1998 Acta Neuropathologica 96 379 Electron microscopic examination revealed swelling of the distal dendrites of Purkinje cells in the less-affected nodule of the vermis.

6. gen. Any small rounded mass of material, esp. one adhering to a surface.

ΚΠ

1908 J. London Martin Eden ii. 15 Tiny nodules of moisture stood out on his forehead.

1943 R. P. Warren At Heaven's Gate ix. 125 A bowl of sugar..in which..drops of coffee had made little, hard, stained nodules.

1960 G. W. Target Teachers (1963) 44 With his thumb nail he picked at a tiny nodule of paint on the edge of the door.

1991 New Musical Express (BNC) 16 Mar. 6 The deliciously tingly nodules along the bottom of the bathing area that sensuously massage your foot when you use it [sc. a foot spa].

Derivatives

† noduliferous adj. [compare French nodulifère (1845)] Obsolete rare having or bearing nodules.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Noduliferus, having the surface encumbered with small nodosities..: noduliferous.

† noduliform adj. Obsolete rare having the form of a nodule.

ΚΠ

1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 207 With noduliform ribs and transverse obsolete striæ.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	nodule
释义	nodulen. Brit. /ˈnɒdjuːl/, /ˈnɒdʒuːl/, /ˈnɒdʒᵿl/, U.S. /ˈnɑdʒul/ Forms: late Middle English noddel, late Middle English nodel, late Middle English nodle, late Middle English– nodule, 1600s nodul, 1600s nudil. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin nōdulus. Etymology: < classical Latin nōdulus little knot, joint or node in a plant, in post-classical Latin also a cauterizing instrument (late 13th cent. in Lanfranc), a plug or pellet used in cauterizing (1363 in Chauliac), a small bag containing medicines (1594 in the passage translated in quot. 1634 at sense 2) < nōdus knot (see node n.) + -ulus -ule suffix. Compare Middle French, French nodule (late 15th cent. in Chauliac).In sense 5 after German Knötchen (J. C. Reil 1807, in Arch. f. die Physiol. 8 8). 1. Medicine and Pathology. A small node; esp. a small, usually rounded and firm, mass of normal or abnormal tissue.pulp-, singer's nodule: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [noun] > a swelling or protuberance ampereOE kernelc1000 wenc1000 knot?c1225 swella1250 bulchc1300 bunchc1325 bolninga1340 botcha1387 bouge1398 nodusa1400 oedemaa1400 wax-kernel14.. knobc1405 nodule?a1425 more?c1425 bunnyc1440 papa1450 knurc1460 waxing kernel?c1460 lump?a1500 waxen-kernel1500 bump1533 puff1538 tumour?1541 swelling1542 elevation1543 enlarging1562 knub1563 pimple1582 ganglion1583 button1584 phyma1585 emphysema?1587 flesh-pimple1587 oedem?a1591 burgeon1597 wartle1598 hurtle1599 pough1601 wart1603 extumescence1611 hulch1611 peppernel1613 affusion1615 extumescency1684 jog1715 knibloch1780 tumefaction1802 hunch1803 income1808 intumescence1822 gibber1853 tumescence1859 whetstone1886 tumidity1897 Osler's node1920 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 4 (MED) A capitle adminiculatyue of nodulez [L. nodis], i. knottes, glandulez, & scrophulez and al fleumatic excrescencez, i. waxynges. 1809 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 99 316 In some cases nodules of opaque thick ropy matter..accompany this mucilage-like matter. 1820 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 110 5 A tumor in the prostate gland, made up of rounded nodules. 1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 108 By its contraction the lobular substance of the liver is drawn into round nodules. 1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xiii. 275 The true skin next thickens and rises in nodules. 1880 H. C. Bastian Brain 27 The groups of nerve cells..are usually aggregated so as to form distinct and separate nodules known as ‘ganglia’. 1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiii. 293 The sesamoid bones form a third class. These are small nodules of bones developed within the tendons of certain of the limb-muscles close to the joints. 1942 Arch. Pathol. 33 673 It is probably justifiable to term these nodules tumors in the broader sense or perhaps even in the more narrow interpretation of the word. 1984 J. R. Tighe & D. R. Davies Pathol. (ed. 4) x. 67 Slowly growing nodules..have virtually no effect on the individual. 1991 Esquire Jan. 35/2 The nodule, shaped like a tiny Cheerio, was a necrotizing granuloma, caused by tuberculosis. †2. A small bag containing a medicinal preparation or spices, often tied up with a knot. Cf. nodulus n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > pills, tablets, etc. > [noun] > small bag containing medicine nodulus1583 nodule1593 nodus1688 1593 S. Kellwaye Defensative against Plague vi. f. 5 It were good and necessary..to carry in your hand some sweéte Pomander, Nodule, or Nosegaie, that will comforte the hart, resist venem, and recreate the vitall spirites. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. lxx. 420 Hang in the vessell a nodule [Fr. nouet] or knot full of cinnamome [etc.]. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxvi. xxiii. 1053 Nodules [L. noduli, Fr. nouets] have the same use with Suppositories, and are oftentimes substituted in stead of Glysters. 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. v, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Bb^v Of Nudils or Penicils. 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana ii. ix. 928/2 Tie it up in a bit of Silk in form of a Nodule. 1714 Philos. Trans. 1713 (Royal Soc.) 28 229 They smell to black Cummin-seed bruised and tyed up in a Nodule. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 65 Applied warm, in nodules or sacks, it assuages pain. 3. Mineralogy, Geology, and Metallurgy. A small rounded lump of material distinct from its surroundings within a matrix or on a substrate. Also figurative.manganese nodule: see manganese n. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > nodule nodule1695 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 177 Minerals and Ores of Metalls..are amass'd into Balls, Lumps, or Nodules. 1723 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth (ed. 3) 207 Strata compiled of metallick and mineral Nodules. 1767 Philos. Trans. 1766 (Royal Soc.) 56 36 A large cake, or nodule, of tin ore, weighing about six pounds. 1813 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. vi. 153 In some of the beds of clay over coal detached nodules of iron-stone occur. 1885 Academy 24 Oct. 265/1 A single point of literature, one shining nodule broken off the rock. 1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) viii. 120 Cathodically deposited metal..may be regularly developed or covered with excrescences (nodules, trees) or marred by cracks or holes. 1960 L. D. Stamp Britain's Struct. & Scenery (ed. 5) 75 Nodules and broken layers of flints. 1998 Civilization Mar. 62/2 On Mount Greylock itself, I found a white nodule of quartz, sunk in a bowl of melted snow. 4. Botany. A small node, knot, or protuberance in the stem or other part of a plant; spec. = root nodule n. at root n.¹ Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > protuberance or lump > [noun] node1391 knot1398 burble1555 tubercle1597 hump1709 pustule1756 wart1793 papula1795 nodule1796 papule1821 papilla1832 grain1836 wartlet1856 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 141 Branches very fine,..nodules of fructifications small. 1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) i. ii. 79 Those nodules which are so well known in the bark of the Beech, and some other trees. 1858 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 3) ii. i. 205 These plants are produced by..minute cellular nodules called gemmæ or buds. 1890 Proc. Royal Soc. 1889–90 47 104 The larger plant had a large cluster of nodules on the main root. 1922 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 72/1 The so-called ‘nodule’ organisms..live in symbiosis with the leguminous plants. 1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xvi. 344 Inside each nodule are cavities filled with the bacteria. These micro-organisms have the faculty of using energy derived from carbohydrates to ‘fix’ gaseous atmospheric nitrogen. 1965 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) 303 In the development of the nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of the Leguminosae the first process is a normal infection of the rootlets by..Rhizobium leguminosarum. 2001 M. Blake 24 Karat Schmooze xvii. 185 Winter had dissipated, the ground had softened up and green nodules dotted the ends of every twig. 5. Anatomy. = nodulus n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > cerebellum > parts of lobe1672 arbor vitae1800 nodule1839 amygdala1845 nodulus1848 uvula1848 roof nucleus1872 prepeduncle1886 declive1889 postpeduncle1889 archicerebellum1937 1839–47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 690 The anterior extremity of the inferior vermiform process projects into the cavity of the fourth ventricle, and serves to close it at its inferior extremity... Reil has named it the Nodule. 1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 49 The apex of the uvula, which projects into the fourth ventricle, is the nodule. 1962 Gray's Anat. (ed. 33) 1000 The lateral aspect of the nodule is free anteriorly and is covered with grey matter. 1998 Acta Neuropathologica 96 379 Electron microscopic examination revealed swelling of the distal dendrites of Purkinje cells in the less-affected nodule of the vermis. 6. gen. Any small rounded mass of material, esp. one adhering to a surface. ΚΠ 1908 J. London Martin Eden ii. 15 Tiny nodules of moisture stood out on his forehead. 1943 R. P. Warren At Heaven's Gate ix. 125 A bowl of sugar..in which..drops of coffee had made little, hard, stained nodules. 1960 G. W. Target Teachers (1963) 44 With his thumb nail he picked at a tiny nodule of paint on the edge of the door. 1991 New Musical Express (BNC) 16 Mar. 6 The deliciously tingly nodules along the bottom of the bathing area that sensuously massage your foot when you use it [sc. a foot spa]. Derivatives † noduliferous adj. [compare French nodulifère (1845)] Obsolete rare having or bearing nodules.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Noduliferus, having the surface encumbered with small nodosities..: noduliferous. † noduliform adj. Obsolete rare having the form of a nodule. ΚΠ 1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 207 With noduliform ribs and transverse obsolete striæ. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1425
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