nineteenadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌnʌɪnˈtiːn/, U.S.

/ˈˌnaɪnˈˌtin/

Forms:

α. Old English nigantiene, Old English nigantyn (rare), Old English nigantyne, Old English nigontene (non-West Saxon), Old English nigontine, Old English nigontyne, Old English nihgontyne, Old English nygontyne, early Middle English niȝentene, Middle English neȝentene, Middle English neoȝentene, Middle English niented (transmission error), Middle English nienten, Middle English nientene, Middle English nyentene, Middle English nyentetene (transmission error).

β. Middle English nenteyn, Middle English nynteen, Middle English nynten, Middle English–1500s nynetene, Middle English–1600s ninetene, Middle English–1600s nintene, Middle English–1600s nyneteene, Middle English–1600s nyneten, Middle English–1600s nyntene, 1500s ninetiene, 1500s nintyne, 1500s nynetiene, 1500s nynetyne, 1500s–1600s nineteene, 1500s–1600s ninetine, 1500s–1600s ninteen, 1500s–1600s ninteene, 1500s–1600s nynteene, 1500s– nineteen, 1600s nintine, 1700s nyntien; Scottish pre-1700 naintin, pre-1700 neyntine, pre-1700 nineteene, pre-1700 nineteine, pre-1700 ninetene, pre-1700 nyneteen, pre-1700 nynetein, pre-1700 nynetene, pre-1700 nyneteyn, pre-1700 nyneteyne, pre-1700 nynteene, pre-1700 nyntein, pre-1700 nynteine, pre-1700 nynten, pre-1700 nyntene, pre-1700 nynteyn, pre-1700 nynteyne, pre-1700 nyntin, pre-1700 nyntyne, pre-1700 1700s nynteen, pre-1700 1700s nyntine, pre-1700 1700s– nineteen; Irish English 1800s neenteen.

Also represented by the numerical symbols 19, xix, XIX.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian niguntīne , niugentēne (West Frisian njoggentjin ), Middle Dutch neghentien , negentien (Dutch negentien ), Old Saxon niguntehan , nigentein (Middle Low German negentein ), Old High German niunzehan , niunzēn (Middle High German niunzehen , German neunzehn , †neunzehen ), Old Icelandic nítján , Old Swedish nitan , nittan (Swedish nitton ), Old Danish niten (Danish nitten ) < the Germanic base of nine adj. and n. + the Germanic base of ten n. (compare -teen comb. form).For the history of the second element in English see discussion at -teen comb. form.

A cardinal numeral represented by 19 in arabic numerals, or by xix, XIX in roman.

A. adj.

1. One more than eighteen.In Old English frequently with noun in genitive plural.In quot. OE¹ at α. nineteen is apparently the wrong number: reference is being made to the Greater Litany (25 April), and the expected number of nights is twenty-four; perhaps the error arose from an original numeral xxiiii miscopied or misunderstood as xuiiii.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [adjective] > nineteen

nineteeneOE

α.

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxix. 102 Nim nigontyne snæda eolonan.

OE Menologium 71 Embe nihgontyne niht þæs þe Eastermonað to us cymeð.

OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) i. i. 20 He [sc. the cycle] yrnð nigontyne gear eall swa se oðer.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 2699 Kyng heruer of Goran þe vitailes hadde y-sent..Be neȝentene vitaillers.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 14207 Niented [read Nienten; a1450 Lamb. Nynetene] sons..departed þis lond in nienten [a1450 Lamb. nynetene] partys.

β. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9577 (MED) Nintene ȝer king steuene of this londe was king, And þis was al þulke time in worre & striuing.a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 335 Þilke þinges of propretees of kyndeliche þinges that beþ digeste [L. sunt digesta] and y treted in nynetene parcelles schal suffice.c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 5021 (MED) Of nynetene wyntres and an half Hij ben hore also a wolf.c1480 (a1400) St. Lawrence 220 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 408 He baptist is þene, & of his nynten best men.a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 1541 (MED) Phisicians in vrynes haue colours nynteen Bitwene white & blak.1574 R. Robinson Rewarde of Wickednesse sig. D4 I made accounte to prosper ninetene yeere.1575 G. Gascoigne Glasse of Gouernem. i. ii The eldest exceedeth not twenty yeares, and the youngest is about nineteene yeares olde.a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. ii. 156 So long, that ninteene Zodiacks haue gone round. 1632 W. Lithgow (title) The totall discourse of the rare adventures..of long nineteen yeares travayles from Scotland.1691 R. Ames Siege & Surrender of Mons iii. ii. 22 Nay, a Bomb that fell into our Yard, spoil'd me nineteen Dutch Cheeses, and five Firkins of Butter.1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 177 As for my Face, the Colour of it was really not so Moletta, like as one might expect from a Man..living within nineteen Degrees of the Equinox.1743 H. Fielding Journey from this World i. xix, in Misc. II. 161 She made the best of Wives, bore me nineteen Children, and never failed, unless on her Lying-in..to get my Supper ready.1789 H. Brooke Imposter ii. ii. 27 Now he will carry you nineteen kingdoms upon his own shoulders.1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism ii. 22 Happiness is done without involuntarily by nineteen-twentieths of mankind.1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 277 The nineteen doors facing the court of oranges.1944 Amer. Speech 19 135 The book includes sixteen linguistic maps and nineteen illustrations.1983 M. S. Power Hunt for Autumn Clowns 7 Nineteen children now sat, waiting for the lesson to start.

†2. = nineteenth adj. Chiefly Scottish in later use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [adjective] > nineteen > nineteenth

nineteentheOE

nineteen?a1425

?a1425 (a1325) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Digby) (1887) 5116 In þe nyntene [c1325 Calig. þe nyenteþe day of aueryl, out of þis worl he wende].

a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 3090 Of Etheldrede þe nyentetene ȝere & nomore.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clii. 181 The nynetene day of February next after.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 152 (heading) The nynteine buke.

1580 A. Munday Paine of Pleasure (heading) Lawe, The nineteene pleasure.

1626 Fraserburgh Kirk Session 3 Sept. The nyntein day of his repentance.

1683 Kirkcudbright Town Council Rec. 19 Sept. The neyntine day of September.

1704 in A. Morgan Univ. Edinb. Charters (1937) 152 In the thretteen, nyntine, twentie fyfth pages.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tale of My Landlord 1st Ser. II. 198 Second Kings, feifteen chapter, nineteen verse.

B. n.

1. One more than eighteen as an abstract number; the figures or symbols representing this (19 in arabic numerals, xix, XIX in roman).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > nineteen things, persons, etc.

nineteeneOE

nineteenOE

OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. ii. 98 Eahta and ændlufon beoð nigontyne.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 357 Nyntene: Novemdecim.

1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 220 251 (MED) Nenteyn: novendecim.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Dixneuf, Nyntene xix.

1594 T. Blundeville Exercises vi. i. f. 307 The Golden number is the number of 19. proceeding from 1. to 19. and so to begin again at 1.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. ii. 9 A Man knows that Eighteen and Nineteen, are aqual [sic] to Thirty Seven.

c1857 J. Poole 'Twould Puzzle Conjuror! i. i. 3 So long as I don't attempt to persuade you that nineteen and twelve make fifty, you have no great reason to complain.

1888 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 52 120 Out of the forty-eight observations of figures formed in the way described, there were two fifteens, five nineteens.

1896 19th Cent. July 56 A peculiar sanctity, in his opinion, attached to the number nineteen.

1948 Proc. Symp. Large-scale Digital Calculating Machinery 1947 46 The computing system is at present arranged to handle the first seven significant digits of a number expressed in computer notation, whose exponent has a value between +19 and −19.

1980 R. Hugo White Center 34 We tried to find fun in the calendar, the strange new number, nineteen.

2. Nineteen people or things identified contextually, as parts or divisions of a whole, members of a group, years of age, points scored in a game, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > nineteen things, persons, etc.

nineteeneOE

nineteenOE

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. li. 268 Wiþ lungen wunde, þæs blacan ifiges croppena & corna ærest þreo on dæg v on morgene seofan þy þriddan dæge þonne nigon, þonne xi,..þonne seofontyne, þonne nigantyne, þonne xxi, sele swa æfter dagum drincan on wine.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1850 Þa niȝentene [c1300 Otho neȝentene] heo slowen.

c1450 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 283 I saugh comyng of ladyes nyntene.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 17730 (MED) I selle the wyke, I selle the day..Somtyme by twelue..By twenty ek, and by nyntene.

1581 W. Averell Life & Death Charles & Iulia sig. Bvi In yeeres she was nineteene I reade, yet was her gestures [sic] graue.

c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 45 Which were nyneteene in number.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. iii. 63 Would any but these boylde-braines of nineteene, and two and twenty hunt this weather?

a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) ii. 18 Ile help you to a Courtier of nineteen, Mother.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 58 It was strange enough to find three Men thus bully nineteen, and receive no Punishment at all.

1777 H. H. Brackenridge Death Gen. Montgomery iv. ii. 37 The bloom of nineteen, withers on thy cheek.

1789 ‘A. Pasquin’ Children of Thespis in Poems II. 223 Be content with calm praise, when by Tragedy lur'd, For but one is enjoy'd, where nineteen are endur'd.

1814 C. Dibdin Coll. Songs II. 292 Sure ent I worth nineteen of the likes of him?

1827 E. B. Pusey in H. P. Liddon et al. Life E. B. Pusey (1894) I. 42 An expression which I had used when nineteen.

1887 ‘S. Tytler’ Logie Town I. i. 3 Lizzie was a womanly girl for her years, since life..was more quickly lived then, and girls were women at nineteen.

1913 W. Cather O Pioneers! iv. i. 220 Amédée was to have twenty children, and nineteen of them were to be girls.

1988 M. Binchy Silver Wedding v. 122 She was aged nineteen.

†3. = nineteenth n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > nineteen things, persons, etc. > a nineteenth

nineteena1572

nineteenth1755

a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1848) II. 160 Sa scho wes lappit in a cope of leid, and keipit..unto the nyntene of October, quhen scho by pynouris wes caryed to a schip.

1895 ‘Rosemary’ Under Chilterns 88 You see I'm in my nineteen now.

4. The nineteenth of a set or series with numbered members, the one designated nineteen. Usually as number nineteen, or with specification, as chapter nineteen, verse nineteen, etc.

ΚΠ

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxvi. 228 He [sc. King Saul] commands the Priest to bring the Ark neer him; and (ver. 19) again to let it alone.

1704 in A. Morgan Univ. Edinb. Charters (1937) 153 In page nyntine.

1845 Southern Q. Rev. Oct. 368 Section nineteen provides, that ‘one-tenth of the whole profits of the said bank shall belong to the State.’

1857 J. Manley Cattaraugus County 37 An Act to amend section thirty-six of title two of chapter nineteen of part one of the Revised Statutes.

1887 R. E. Egerton-Warburton Counsel for Cottagers 2 See chapter three, and verse nineteen, Words speaking clearly what they mean.

1907 Publ. Amer. Econ. Assoc. 8 28 Its only use, however, is to strengthen chapter nineteen (1899), which requires parents of children ‘over seven and under sixteen’ to send them to school.

1957 Science 22 Nov. 1056 It is of his famous Bulletin Number Nineteen that I wish to write.

1993 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 72/2 We cannot stay there anymore in Number Nineteen.

5. nineteen in (also of, out of) twenty: the great majority.

ΚΠ

1696 T. D'Urfey Comical Hist. Don Quixote: 3rd Pt. Pref. sig. a^v Offending in that nature is much against my design of pleasing; and I have through Nineteen of the Twenty Plays I have writ, always studied to shun it as much as I can.]

1730 G. Odingsells Bays's Opera ii. i. 26 While Cuckoldom's plenty, And nineteen in twenty Esteem it a blessed Presage.

a1779 D. Garrick Poet. Wks. (1785) II. xciv. 322 Prologues now, as blackberries are plenty, And like them maukish too, nineteen in twenty.

1796 G. Colman Iron Chest ii. iii. 56 Nineteen in twenty might question my prudence for this.

1816 ‘P. Pindar’ Wks. II. 445 And now God bless once more good Mister Pitt, Who for invention beats nineteen in twenty.

1851 Internat. Mag. Lit. 1 Jan. 161 Nineteen of every twenty who have attempted such compositions have failed entirely.

1883 Cent. Mag. Jan. 359 The Indian tribes of the vicnity had been almost exterminated..by a cruel epidemic, which had destroyed nineteen in twenty of the savages.

1904 W. S. Gilbert Engaged in Original Plays i. 50 I am a much better girl than nineteen out of twenty in these parts.

6. to talk (etc.) nineteen to the dozen: to talk, etc., incessantly, or at a great rate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > be talkative [verb (intransitive)] > talk excessively or chatter

chavel?c1225

babblea1250

chattera1250

clacka1250

janglea1300

ganglec1300

clapc1315

mumblec1350

blabberc1375

carp1377

tatterc1380

garre1382

rattlec1400

clatter1401

chimec1405

gabc1405

pattera1450

smattera1450

languetc1450

pratec1460

chat1483

jabber1499

clittera1529

cackle1530

prattle1532

blatter1533

blab1535

to run on pattens1546

tattle1547

prittle-prattlea1555

trattlea1555

tittle-tattle1556

quiddlea1566

brabble1570

clicket1570

twattle1573

gabble1574

prittle1583

to like to hear oneself speak, talk1597

to word it1612

deblaterate1623

tongue1624

twitter1630

snatter1647

oversay1656

whiffle1706

to gallop away1711

splutter1728

gob1770

gibble-gabble1775

palaver1781

to talk (etc.) nineteen to the dozen1785

gammon1789

witter1808

yabble1808

yaff1808

mag1810

chelp1820

tongue-pad1825

yatter1825

potter1826

chipper1829

jaw-jaw1831

buzz1832

to shoot off one's mouth1864

yawp1872

blate1878

chin1884

yap1888

spiel1894

to talk (also lie, swear, etc.) a blue streak1895

to run off at the mouth1908

chattermag1909

clatfart1913

to talk a streak1915

to run one's mouth1916

natter1942

ear-bash1944

rabbit1950

yack1950

yacker1961

to eat parrot head (also bottom)1965

yacket1969

to twat on1996

the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > proceed rapidly [verb (intransitive)] > at a great rate

to talk (etc.) nineteen to the dozen1916

1785 E. Sheridan Let. in Betsy Sheridan's Jrnl. (1986) ii. 63 The Mother good humour'd and Civil but talks nineteen to the dozen.

a1833 C. Dibdin Wild Man (1836) I. xiii. 35 I'll lay an embargo on her tongue, or else, when she's dressed like a duchess, she'll out with her maxims, nineteen to the dozen, and spoil all.

1860 G. A. Sala Baddington Peerage xliii The ladies' maid's tongue was sure to run nineteen to the dozen.

1883 Longman's Mag. 2 293 A very cheerful..gentleman..who was talking away to me, nineteen to the dozen, as they say.

1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 187 They must be charging, I think, or our front line's fallen back, because the rifles is going nineteen to the dozen.

1936 A. Christie Murder in Mesopotamia v. 39 Presently Mr. Coleman bustled in and took the place beyond Miss Johnson... He talked away nineteen to the dozen.

1990 Videographic Apr. 17/1 He'll..talk more than nineteen-to-the dozen, start up his next thought before he's even half finished with his last one!

Compounds

C1. In combination with other numbers to express multiples of nineteen, as nineteen hundred, nineteen thousand, etc.

ΚΠ

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iii. ix. 70 Of þæm ilcan folcum forwurdon lytle ær..nigantiene hund M monna.

c1450 (c1405) Mum & Sothsegger (BL Add. 41666) (1936) 1595 (MED) For þough men pleede and poursuye and in þaire playntz falle And newe þaym aftre nonsuyte nynetene hunthred..Yit shal þay haue no harme.

1630 J. Taylor Englishmans Love to Bohemia in Wks. (1630) 109 One thousand, and one hundred and sixteene Dyed..Ensignes three hundred twenty two, all euen: And nineteen hundred Serieants and eleuen.

1665 J. Phillips Typhon iv. 119 With him he brings For presents, fine Cornelian Rings Some thirty thousands; nineteen score Of Crocodiles new come to shore.

1678 T. Porter French Conjurer v. 34 You shall pay him but Nineteen hundred and fiftie.

1706 Duke of Marlborough Let. 15 May in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) I. 537 Send ten thousand men to Italie, and..leave nyntien thousand men on the Rhin.

1731 H. Fielding Welsh Opera ii. v. 33 Let it suffice now, that you Ladies are worth Nineteen Thousand Three Hundred and Fifty five Pounds a-piece.

1756 T. Amory Life John Buncle I. 89 Dr. Whaley..had nineteen hundred a year from the church, for teaching the people to be Christians.

1811 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 101 316 As we now see it collected into a globular compass of less than one minute, it must of course be more than nineteen hundred times denser than it was in its original state.

1875 Scribner's Monthly July 349 Darwin has computed the living progeny of a single pair of elephants..at nineteen million at the end of seven hundred and fifty years.

1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 17/1 Nineteen million dollars' worth of tube-works became eighty million in capital stock.

1968 Internat. Organization 22 675 The resources of the Fund have more than doubled in the last ten years, increasing from nine to nineteen billion dollars.

C2. Forming compound numerals, usually with multiples of one hundred, as one hundred and nineteen (also one hundred nineteen: now U.S.), etc.

ΚΠ

lOE Note (Julius A.ii) in Anglia (1889) 11 6 Man hafað bana twa hundred & nigontine, & he hafað æddrena þreo hundred & fife & sixti.

c1300 St. Kenelm (Laud) l. 82 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 347 (MED) Hit was afftur þat ore louerd in his moder a-liȝte Eiȝte hundret ȝer and Nyntene [v.r. neoȝentene].

c1410 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 448 (MED) Þe vi day of Iuylle, þe ȝeere of our lorde a thousand þre hundreth fourescore & nynetene.

c1450 Mandeville's Trav. (Coventry) (1973) 629 (MED) Foure score nyntene yere and more Forsothe this holie man leued thore In penaunce.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. iv. sig. n.viii^v In wiche monastery this lady was tumulate The yere of our lorde .ix. hundreth and nyntene.

1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 338 (MED) In the yere a thousande thre hundreth mo, Sixty adioynt and therwith all nynetene, The thyrde pestilence reigned in Englande.

1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour 3525 in Wks. (1931) I. 304 Quhen Abraham was of aige, I wene, Foure score of yeris and nynteine, Quhen this foule Syn of Sodomye, Was puneisit so regorouslye.

1681 N. Lee Lucius Junius Brutus i. i. 10 For look you Neighbours, I for my own part Have seen to day fourscore and nineteen Prodigies and a half.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle III. lxxxv. 50 In the year of his age Threescore and nineteen.

1769 I. Bickerstaff Doctor Last in Chariot i. vi. 10 A thing that we ought all to consider, my last year's apothecary's bill amounting to two hundred and nineteen pounds, four shillings and eleven pence.

1798 T. Holcroft Knave, or Not? iii. vi. 50 See to the settling of that account with Paywell and Co. Five hundred nineteen seven and six in our favour.

1851 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 141 237 One hundred and nineteen ova were passed into water, with which one-eighth part only of the seminal fluid, obtained from the Frog, had already been mixed.

1869 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 139 This road has cost in money $4,868,427; it has divided in seven years three hundred and nineteen per cent.

1900 New Eng. Mag. May 259 One hundred and nineteen were paid for out of an appropriation made by the city for the care of the poor.

1996 P. Reading Coll. Poems II. 24 The vessel blew up into the air with one hundred and nineteen souls: a moment afterwards, not one single human being was seen.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	nineteen
释义	nineteenadj.n. Brit. /ˌnʌɪnˈtiːn/, U.S. /ˈˌnaɪnˈˌtin/ Forms: α. Old English nigantiene, Old English nigantyn (rare), Old English nigantyne, Old English nigontene (non-West Saxon), Old English nigontine, Old English nigontyne, Old English nihgontyne, Old English nygontyne, early Middle English niȝentene, Middle English neȝentene, Middle English neoȝentene, Middle English niented (transmission error), Middle English nienten, Middle English nientene, Middle English nyentene, Middle English nyentetene (transmission error). β. Middle English nenteyn, Middle English nynteen, Middle English nynten, Middle English–1500s nynetene, Middle English–1600s ninetene, Middle English–1600s nintene, Middle English–1600s nyneteene, Middle English–1600s nyneten, Middle English–1600s nyntene, 1500s ninetiene, 1500s nintyne, 1500s nynetiene, 1500s nynetyne, 1500s–1600s nineteene, 1500s–1600s ninetine, 1500s–1600s ninteen, 1500s–1600s ninteene, 1500s–1600s nynteene, 1500s– nineteen, 1600s nintine, 1700s nyntien; Scottish pre-1700 naintin, pre-1700 neyntine, pre-1700 nineteene, pre-1700 nineteine, pre-1700 ninetene, pre-1700 nyneteen, pre-1700 nynetein, pre-1700 nynetene, pre-1700 nyneteyn, pre-1700 nyneteyne, pre-1700 nynteene, pre-1700 nyntein, pre-1700 nynteine, pre-1700 nynten, pre-1700 nyntene, pre-1700 nynteyn, pre-1700 nynteyne, pre-1700 nyntin, pre-1700 nyntyne, pre-1700 1700s nynteen, pre-1700 1700s nyntine, pre-1700 1700s– nineteen; Irish English 1800s neenteen. Also represented by the numerical symbols 19, xix, XIX. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian niguntīne , niugentēne (West Frisian njoggentjin ), Middle Dutch neghentien , negentien (Dutch negentien ), Old Saxon niguntehan , nigentein (Middle Low German negentein ), Old High German niunzehan , niunzēn (Middle High German niunzehen , German neunzehn , †neunzehen ), Old Icelandic nítján , Old Swedish nitan , nittan (Swedish nitton ), Old Danish niten (Danish nitten ) < the Germanic base of nine adj. and n. + the Germanic base of ten n. (compare -teen comb. form).For the history of the second element in English see discussion at -teen comb. form. A cardinal numeral represented by 19 in arabic numerals, or by xix, XIX in roman. A. adj. 1. One more than eighteen.In Old English frequently with noun in genitive plural.In quot. OE¹ at α. nineteen is apparently the wrong number: reference is being made to the Greater Litany (25 April), and the expected number of nights is twenty-four; perhaps the error arose from an original numeral xxiiii miscopied or misunderstood as xuiiii. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [adjective] > nineteen nineteeneOE α. eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxix. 102 Nim nigontyne snæda eolonan. OE Menologium 71 Embe nihgontyne niht þæs þe Eastermonað to us cymeð. OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) i. i. 20 He [sc. the cycle] yrnð nigontyne gear eall swa se oðer. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 2699 Kyng heruer of Goran þe vitailes hadde y-sent..Be neȝentene vitaillers. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 14207 Niented [read Nienten; a1450 Lamb. Nynetene] sons..departed þis lond in nienten [a1450 Lamb. nynetene] partys. β. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9577 (MED) Nintene ȝer king steuene of this londe was king, And þis was al þulke time in worre & striuing.a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 335 Þilke þinges of propretees of kyndeliche þinges that beþ digeste [L. sunt digesta] and y treted in nynetene parcelles schal suffice.c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 5021 (MED) Of nynetene wyntres and an half Hij ben hore also a wolf.c1480 (a1400) St. Lawrence 220 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 408 He baptist is þene, & of his nynten best men.a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 1541 (MED) Phisicians in vrynes haue colours nynteen Bitwene white & blak.1574 R. Robinson Rewarde of Wickednesse sig. D4 I made accounte to prosper ninetene yeere.1575 G. Gascoigne Glasse of Gouernem. i. ii The eldest exceedeth not twenty yeares, and the youngest is about nineteene yeares olde.a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. ii. 156 So long, that ninteene Zodiacks haue gone round. View more context for this quotation1632 W. Lithgow (title) The totall discourse of the rare adventures..of long nineteen yeares travayles from Scotland.1691 R. Ames Siege & Surrender of Mons iii. ii. 22 Nay, a Bomb that fell into our Yard, spoil'd me nineteen Dutch Cheeses, and five Firkins of Butter.1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 177 As for my Face, the Colour of it was really not so Moletta, like as one might expect from a Man..living within nineteen Degrees of the Equinox.1743 H. Fielding Journey from this World i. xix, in Misc. II. 161 She made the best of Wives, bore me nineteen Children, and never failed, unless on her Lying-in..to get my Supper ready.1789 H. Brooke Imposter ii. ii. 27 Now he will carry you nineteen kingdoms upon his own shoulders.1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism ii. 22 Happiness is done without involuntarily by nineteen-twentieths of mankind.1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 277 The nineteen doors facing the court of oranges.1944 Amer. Speech 19 135 The book includes sixteen linguistic maps and nineteen illustrations.1983 M. S. Power Hunt for Autumn Clowns 7 Nineteen children now sat, waiting for the lesson to start. †2. = nineteenth adj. Chiefly Scottish in later use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [adjective] > nineteen > nineteenth nineteentheOE nineteen?a1425 ?a1425 (a1325) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Digby) (1887) 5116 In þe nyntene [c1325 Calig. þe nyenteþe day of aueryl, out of þis worl he wende]. a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 3090 Of Etheldrede þe nyentetene ȝere & nomore. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clii. 181 The nynetene day of February next after. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 152 (heading) The nynteine buke. 1580 A. Munday Paine of Pleasure (heading) Lawe, The nineteene pleasure. 1626 Fraserburgh Kirk Session 3 Sept. The nyntein day of his repentance. 1683 Kirkcudbright Town Council Rec. 19 Sept. The neyntine day of September. 1704 in A. Morgan Univ. Edinb. Charters (1937) 152 In the thretteen, nyntine, twentie fyfth pages. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tale of My Landlord 1st Ser. II. 198 Second Kings, feifteen chapter, nineteen verse. B. n. 1. One more than eighteen as an abstract number; the figures or symbols representing this (19 in arabic numerals, xix, XIX in roman). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > nineteen things, persons, etc. nineteeneOE nineteenOE OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. ii. 98 Eahta and ændlufon beoð nigontyne. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 357 Nyntene: Novemdecim. 1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 220 251 (MED) Nenteyn: novendecim. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Dixneuf, Nyntene xix. 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises vi. i. f. 307 The Golden number is the number of 19. proceeding from 1. to 19. and so to begin again at 1. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. ii. 9 A Man knows that Eighteen and Nineteen, are aqual [sic] to Thirty Seven. c1857 J. Poole 'Twould Puzzle Conjuror! i. i. 3 So long as I don't attempt to persuade you that nineteen and twelve make fifty, you have no great reason to complain. 1888 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 52 120 Out of the forty-eight observations of figures formed in the way described, there were two fifteens, five nineteens. 1896 19th Cent. July 56 A peculiar sanctity, in his opinion, attached to the number nineteen. 1948 Proc. Symp. Large-scale Digital Calculating Machinery 1947 46 The computing system is at present arranged to handle the first seven significant digits of a number expressed in computer notation, whose exponent has a value between +19 and −19. 1980 R. Hugo White Center 34 We tried to find fun in the calendar, the strange new number, nineteen. 2. Nineteen people or things identified contextually, as parts or divisions of a whole, members of a group, years of age, points scored in a game, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > nineteen things, persons, etc. nineteeneOE nineteenOE eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. li. 268 Wiþ lungen wunde, þæs blacan ifiges croppena & corna ærest þreo on dæg v on morgene seofan þy þriddan dæge þonne nigon, þonne xi,..þonne seofontyne, þonne nigantyne, þonne xxi, sele swa æfter dagum drincan on wine. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1850 Þa niȝentene [c1300 Otho neȝentene] heo slowen. c1450 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 283 I saugh comyng of ladyes nyntene. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 17730 (MED) I selle the wyke, I selle the day..Somtyme by twelue..By twenty ek, and by nyntene. 1581 W. Averell Life & Death Charles & Iulia sig. Bvi In yeeres she was nineteene I reade, yet was her gestures [sic] graue. c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 45 Which were nyneteene in number. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. iii. 63 Would any but these boylde-braines of nineteene, and two and twenty hunt this weather? View more context for this quotation a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) ii. 18 Ile help you to a Courtier of nineteen, Mother. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 58 It was strange enough to find three Men thus bully nineteen, and receive no Punishment at all. 1777 H. H. Brackenridge Death Gen. Montgomery iv. ii. 37 The bloom of nineteen, withers on thy cheek. 1789 ‘A. Pasquin’ Children of Thespis in Poems II. 223 Be content with calm praise, when by Tragedy lur'd, For but one is enjoy'd, where nineteen are endur'd. 1814 C. Dibdin Coll. Songs II. 292 Sure ent I worth nineteen of the likes of him? 1827 E. B. Pusey in H. P. Liddon et al. Life E. B. Pusey (1894) I. 42 An expression which I had used when nineteen. 1887 ‘S. Tytler’ Logie Town I. i. 3 Lizzie was a womanly girl for her years, since life..was more quickly lived then, and girls were women at nineteen. 1913 W. Cather O Pioneers! iv. i. 220 Amédée was to have twenty children, and nineteen of them were to be girls. 1988 M. Binchy Silver Wedding v. 122 She was aged nineteen. †3. = nineteenth n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > eleven to ninety-nine > [noun] > nineteen things, persons, etc. > a nineteenth nineteena1572 nineteenth1755 a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1848) II. 160 Sa scho wes lappit in a cope of leid, and keipit..unto the nyntene of October, quhen scho by pynouris wes caryed to a schip. 1895 ‘Rosemary’ Under Chilterns 88 You see I'm in my nineteen now. 4. The nineteenth of a set or series with numbered members, the one designated nineteen. Usually as number nineteen, or with specification, as chapter nineteen, verse nineteen, etc. ΚΠ 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxvi. 228 He [sc. King Saul] commands the Priest to bring the Ark neer him; and (ver. 19) again to let it alone. 1704 in A. Morgan Univ. Edinb. Charters (1937) 153 In page nyntine. 1845 Southern Q. Rev. Oct. 368 Section nineteen provides, that ‘one-tenth of the whole profits of the said bank shall belong to the State.’ 1857 J. Manley Cattaraugus County 37 An Act to amend section thirty-six of title two of chapter nineteen of part one of the Revised Statutes. 1887 R. E. Egerton-Warburton Counsel for Cottagers 2 See chapter three, and verse nineteen, Words speaking clearly what they mean. 1907 Publ. Amer. Econ. Assoc. 8 28 Its only use, however, is to strengthen chapter nineteen (1899), which requires parents of children ‘over seven and under sixteen’ to send them to school. 1957 Science 22 Nov. 1056 It is of his famous Bulletin Number Nineteen that I wish to write. 1993 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 72/2 We cannot stay there anymore in Number Nineteen. 5. nineteen in (also of, out of) twenty: the great majority. ΚΠ 1696 T. D'Urfey Comical Hist. Don Quixote: 3rd Pt. Pref. sig. a^v Offending in that nature is much against my design of pleasing; and I have through Nineteen of the Twenty Plays I have writ, always studied to shun it as much as I can.] 1730 G. Odingsells Bays's Opera ii. i. 26 While Cuckoldom's plenty, And nineteen in twenty Esteem it a blessed Presage. a1779 D. Garrick Poet. Wks. (1785) II. xciv. 322 Prologues now, as blackberries are plenty, And like them maukish too, nineteen in twenty. 1796 G. Colman Iron Chest ii. iii. 56 Nineteen in twenty might question my prudence for this. 1816 ‘P. Pindar’ Wks. II. 445 And now God bless once more good Mister Pitt, Who for invention beats nineteen in twenty. 1851 Internat. Mag. Lit. 1 Jan. 161 Nineteen of every twenty who have attempted such compositions have failed entirely. 1883 Cent. Mag. Jan. 359 The Indian tribes of the vicnity had been almost exterminated..by a cruel epidemic, which had destroyed nineteen in twenty of the savages. 1904 W. S. Gilbert Engaged in Original Plays i. 50 I am a much better girl than nineteen out of twenty in these parts. 6. to talk (etc.) nineteen to the dozen: to talk, etc., incessantly, or at a great rate. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > be talkative [verb (intransitive)] > talk excessively or chatter chavel?c1225 babblea1250 chattera1250 clacka1250 janglea1300 ganglec1300 clapc1315 mumblec1350 blabberc1375 carp1377 tatterc1380 garre1382 rattlec1400 clatter1401 chimec1405 gabc1405 pattera1450 smattera1450 languetc1450 pratec1460 chat1483 jabber1499 clittera1529 cackle1530 prattle1532 blatter1533 blab1535 to run on pattens1546 tattle1547 prittle-prattlea1555 trattlea1555 tittle-tattle1556 quiddlea1566 brabble1570 clicket1570 twattle1573 gabble1574 prittle1583 to like to hear oneself speak, talk1597 to word it1612 deblaterate1623 tongue1624 twitter1630 snatter1647 oversay1656 whiffle1706 to gallop away1711 splutter1728 gob1770 gibble-gabble1775 palaver1781 to talk (etc.) nineteen to the dozen1785 gammon1789 witter1808 yabble1808 yaff1808 mag1810 chelp1820 tongue-pad1825 yatter1825 potter1826 chipper1829 jaw-jaw1831 buzz1832 to shoot off one's mouth1864 yawp1872 blate1878 chin1884 yap1888 spiel1894 to talk (also lie, swear, etc.) a blue streak1895 to run off at the mouth1908 chattermag1909 clatfart1913 to talk a streak1915 to run one's mouth1916 natter1942 ear-bash1944 rabbit1950 yack1950 yacker1961 to eat parrot head (also bottom)1965 yacket1969 to twat on1996 the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > proceed rapidly [verb (intransitive)] > at a great rate to talk (etc.) nineteen to the dozen1916 1785 E. Sheridan Let. in Betsy Sheridan's Jrnl. (1986) ii. 63 The Mother good humour'd and Civil but talks nineteen to the dozen. a1833 C. Dibdin Wild Man (1836) I. xiii. 35 I'll lay an embargo on her tongue, or else, when she's dressed like a duchess, she'll out with her maxims, nineteen to the dozen, and spoil all. 1860 G. A. Sala Baddington Peerage xliii The ladies' maid's tongue was sure to run nineteen to the dozen. 1883 Longman's Mag. 2 293 A very cheerful..gentleman..who was talking away to me, nineteen to the dozen, as they say. 1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 187 They must be charging, I think, or our front line's fallen back, because the rifles is going nineteen to the dozen. 1936 A. Christie Murder in Mesopotamia v. 39 Presently Mr. Coleman bustled in and took the place beyond Miss Johnson... He talked away nineteen to the dozen. 1990 Videographic Apr. 17/1 He'll..talk more than nineteen-to-the dozen, start up his next thought before he's even half finished with his last one! Compounds C1. In combination with other numbers to express multiples of nineteen, as nineteen hundred, nineteen thousand, etc. ΚΠ eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iii. ix. 70 Of þæm ilcan folcum forwurdon lytle ær..nigantiene hund M monna. c1450 (c1405) Mum & Sothsegger (BL Add. 41666) (1936) 1595 (MED) For þough men pleede and poursuye and in þaire playntz falle And newe þaym aftre nonsuyte nynetene hunthred..Yit shal þay haue no harme. 1630 J. Taylor Englishmans Love to Bohemia in Wks. (1630) 109 One thousand, and one hundred and sixteene Dyed..Ensignes three hundred twenty two, all euen: And nineteen hundred Serieants and eleuen. 1665 J. Phillips Typhon iv. 119 With him he brings For presents, fine Cornelian Rings Some thirty thousands; nineteen score Of Crocodiles new come to shore. 1678 T. Porter French Conjurer v. 34 You shall pay him but Nineteen hundred and fiftie. 1706 Duke of Marlborough Let. 15 May in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) I. 537 Send ten thousand men to Italie, and..leave nyntien thousand men on the Rhin. 1731 H. Fielding Welsh Opera ii. v. 33 Let it suffice now, that you Ladies are worth Nineteen Thousand Three Hundred and Fifty five Pounds a-piece. 1756 T. Amory Life John Buncle I. 89 Dr. Whaley..had nineteen hundred a year from the church, for teaching the people to be Christians. 1811 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 101 316 As we now see it collected into a globular compass of less than one minute, it must of course be more than nineteen hundred times denser than it was in its original state. 1875 Scribner's Monthly July 349 Darwin has computed the living progeny of a single pair of elephants..at nineteen million at the end of seven hundred and fifty years. 1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 17/1 Nineteen million dollars' worth of tube-works became eighty million in capital stock. 1968 Internat. Organization 22 675 The resources of the Fund have more than doubled in the last ten years, increasing from nine to nineteen billion dollars. C2. Forming compound numerals, usually with multiples of one hundred, as one hundred and nineteen (also one hundred nineteen: now U.S.), etc. ΚΠ lOE Note (Julius A.ii) in Anglia (1889) 11 6 Man hafað bana twa hundred & nigontine, & he hafað æddrena þreo hundred & fife & sixti. c1300 St. Kenelm (Laud) l. 82 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 347 (MED) Hit was afftur þat ore louerd in his moder a-liȝte Eiȝte hundret ȝer and Nyntene [v.r. neoȝentene]. c1410 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 448 (MED) Þe vi day of Iuylle, þe ȝeere of our lorde a thousand þre hundreth fourescore & nynetene. c1450 Mandeville's Trav. (Coventry) (1973) 629 (MED) Foure score nyntene yere and more Forsothe this holie man leued thore In penaunce. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. iv. sig. n.viii^v In wiche monastery this lady was tumulate The yere of our lorde .ix. hundreth and nyntene. 1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 338 (MED) In the yere a thousande thre hundreth mo, Sixty adioynt and therwith all nynetene, The thyrde pestilence reigned in Englande. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour 3525 in Wks. (1931) I. 304 Quhen Abraham was of aige, I wene, Foure score of yeris and nynteine, Quhen this foule Syn of Sodomye, Was puneisit so regorouslye. 1681 N. Lee Lucius Junius Brutus i. i. 10 For look you Neighbours, I for my own part Have seen to day fourscore and nineteen Prodigies and a half. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle III. lxxxv. 50 In the year of his age Threescore and nineteen. 1769 I. Bickerstaff Doctor Last in Chariot i. vi. 10 A thing that we ought all to consider, my last year's apothecary's bill amounting to two hundred and nineteen pounds, four shillings and eleven pence. 1798 T. Holcroft Knave, or Not? iii. vi. 50 See to the settling of that account with Paywell and Co. Five hundred nineteen seven and six in our favour. 1851 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 141 237 One hundred and nineteen ova were passed into water, with which one-eighth part only of the seminal fluid, obtained from the Frog, had already been mixed. 1869 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 139 This road has cost in money $4,868,427; it has divided in seven years three hundred and nineteen per cent. 1900 New Eng. Mag. May 259 One hundred and nineteen were paid for out of an appropriation made by the city for the care of the poor. 1996 P. Reading Coll. Poems II. 24 The vessel blew up into the air with one hundred and nineteen souls: a moment afterwards, not one single human being was seen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.eOE
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