ablativeadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈablətɪv/, U.S.

/ˈæblədɪv/,

/əˈbleɪdɪv/

Forms: Middle English–1500s ablatif, late Middle English ablatife, late Middle English ablatyve, late Middle English–1500s ablatyf, late Middle English–1500s ablatyfe, late Middle English– ablative, 1500s ablatyue, 1500s–1600s ablatiue.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French ablatif; Latin ablātīvus.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman ablatyf, Anglo-Norman and Middle French ablatif (French ablatif ) (noun) ablative case (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French), (adjective, of a noun) in the ablative case, that governs the ablative (beginning of the 14th cent. in Anglo-Norman), of or relating to the action of taking away, bringing about removal (16th cent.; mid 15th cent. used punningly with reference to the use in grammar) and its etymon classical Latin ablātīvus (in grammar) ablative, (noun, short for ablātīvus casus ) ablative case, in post-classical Latin also that governs the ablative (5th cent.), of or for taking away (from 12th cent. in British sources, usually in wordplay) < ablāt- , past participial stem of auferre to carry away (see ablate v.) + -īvus -ive suffix. In later use (in senses A. 4, A. 3) after ablation n. (compare senses 1, 4, 5 at that entry). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan ablatiu, Catalan ablatiu, noun (13th cent.; also as adjective), Spanish ablativo (1492 as noun, second half of the 15th cent. as adjective), Portuguese ablativo, adjective and noun (1540), Italian ablativo, noun (1406), all earliest in grammar.Classical Latin ablātīvus is first attested in Quintilian (1st cent. a.d.); it is apparently unknown to Varro (1st cent. b.c.), who uses sextus ‘sixth’ and Latinus ‘Latin’ for this case (the case being found in Latin but not in Greek). The 4th-cent. grammarian Charisius uses the term in a passage reporting the doctrine of Pliny (1st cent. a.d.), in turn reporting the doctrine of Julius Caesar (1st cent. b.c.), but it is uncertain whether either of these authors used the word. Compare the following early use of the Latin word (in senses A. 1 and B.) in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 23 Ablativvs ys ætbredendlic: mid ðam casv byð geswutelod, swa hwæt swa we ætbredað oðrum.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 34 And ealle hi geendiaþ ablativvm on i, buton gausape beodclað, ab hoc gausape.

A. adj.

1. Grammar. Designating, being in, or relating to a case of nouns and pronouns, and of words in grammatical agreement with them, in Latin and certain other Indo-European languages, the central function of which is to express direction from a place, and which is expressed in English by ‘by’, ‘with’, or ‘from’.Frequently in ablative case. First occurring in ablative case absolute (= ablative absolute n. at Compounds).The ablative was one of the original Indo-European cases. In Greek, Germanic, and Slavonic, it was lost or formally merged with other cases; but it survived in Latin, where it had absorbed the instrumental, and in part the locative of earlier Indo-European. In Latin it was extended to the source from which an action proceeds, the cause or ideal source of an event, the instrument and agent or material sources of an action, the manner in which, and sometimes the place and time at which anything is done. Later the term was applied to the same case in other languages, as well as to the relation expressed by it, however this may be formally shown.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > ablative

ablativec1400

ablatival1653

c1400 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 192 (MED) When we haf a reson witouten a verbe we sal sette it in þe ablatif case absolute.

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 32 What case wyll the comparatyf degre haue aftur hym? An ablatyf case of eyther noumbre wythoute a preposicion.

a1504 J. Holt Lac Puerorum (1508) i. sig. A.vii All adiectyues in the plurel nombre hath one voyce for all gendres in the datyf and the ablatyf case.

1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. B.i Somtyme hit is put in the ablatyue case absolute.

1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 38 A. The Ablatiue case absolute. Q. What meane you by absolute? A. Without other gouernment.

1641 J. Johnson Acad. Love 29 Verbes of receiving or taking away require an Ablative case.

1707 W. Turner Exercises to Accidence 90 Adjectives signifying fulness, emptiness, plenty or wanting, require an Ablative Case, or a Genitive.

1784 R. Labutte French Gram. ii. 10 The preposition de is commonly expressive both of the genitive and ablative cases.

1839 L. Ramshorn tr. F. Lieber Dict. Lat. Synonymes 38 ō, the Dative and Ablative form of the second declension.

1846 T. Keightley Notes Bucolics & Georgics of Virgil 99 If this be the true reading, sua is an ablative case contracted by the figure synizesis.

1909 School Rev. 17 167 The classification of ablative construction as separative, sociative and locative is implicit in all modern grammars.

1992 Trans. Philol. Soc. 90 14 In New Testament Greek the main beneficiary of the dative's demise was the genitive, which..already harbored the ablative function.

2. Of or relating to the action of taking away or removing something; that brings about removal or subtraction. Now rare.In quot. a1500 used punningly with reference to sense A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [adjective] > removed or taken away > of or relating to removal

ablativea1500

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 418 The vjt. case is ablatif case, and are they that stelyn and leuyn on oþer mennes goodes.

1565 T. Harding Confut. Apol. Church of Eng. v. xv. f. 268 Such is the logike, such are the topikes of this newe negatiue and ablatiue diuinitie,..taking awaye many good thinges perteining to the maintenance of Christen Religion and Gods honour.

1622 Bp. J. Hall Serm. Thebalds 3 Ablatiue directions are first needfull to vnteach error, ere we can learne truth.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) i. 163 I have taken away my peace from this people, saith the Lord, even loving kindnesse and mercies... This is an ablative judgment, and that a heavy one too.

1713 J. Flamsteed Letter to Mr. Sharp in F. Baily Acc. of Flamsteed (1835) 304 D [Sir Isaac Newton] has lately published his Principia anew, wherein he makes this equation ablative where it was formerly to be added, and to be added where it was subductive.

1780 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. (1789) Concl. 330 The catalogue of collative and ablative events..will belong in common to all or most of the laws constitutive of the various offences against property.

1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. I. i. ii. 43 Ablative, or say divestitive facts.

a1886 E. Dickinson Bolts of Melody (1945) 1171 That if it [sc. life] be, it be at best An ablative estate.

2002 S. Gardner in J. L. Bermúdez & S. Gardner Art & Morality xii. 255 Tragedy is viewed as an ablative process in which one part of the self is destroyed and the other, higher part preserved.

3. Surgery. Involving or used in the removal or destruction of an organ or tissue.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > removal by surgical means > [adjective]

ablative1895

1895 Maryland Med. Jrnl. 8 June 143/1 There are also cases in which electricity can only do harm, and in which ablative surgery is not only wise, but imperative.

1950 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 79 670/1 The surgery tends to be destructive or at least ablative and should be moderately radical.

1977 Lancet 29 Oct. 899/2 The natural history of the disease may be interrupted by ablative therapy (subtotal thyroidectomy or the use of radioiodine).

2003 Vogue Mar. 454/2 A comprehensive treatment program begins with a combination of ablative lasers (which remove layers of photo-damaged skin..) and gentler, non-ablative laser (which work beneath the skin's surface to stimulate collagen and elastin production).

a. Physical Geography, Materials Science, etc. Of, relating to, or involving the erosion or removal of material by ablation (ablation n. 4, 5).

ΚΠ

1936 G. Seligman Snow Struct. vi. 131 It has been postulated..that the ablative effect in penitent snow has been intensified by the presence of solid matter to absorb the sun's heat.

1957 Landfall 11 14 Spring came after weeks of ablative blizzards had opened the cracks into lanes.

1968 National Speleol. Soc. Bull. 30 47 There are two types of glacier caves: those formed by ablative action of englacial streams and circulating air, and those formed by movement of ice over a bedrock protuberance.

1977 Physics Fluids 20 880 Thermodynamic coupling effects become important in such applications as..ablative thermal protection processes, chemically reacting flows, [etc.].

1992 Geochem. Jrnl. 26 29 We suggest that..ablative mass loss occurred effectively during entry into the Earth's atmosphere.

2004 A. Kaufman & K. Mueller in A. B. Tucker Computer Sci. Handbk. (ed. 2) iv. xli. 30 Varadhan and Mueller..demonstrated the visual effect of ablative processes, such as a beam of heat emitted from a blow torch.

b. Chiefly Astronautics. Of a material or structure: serving to protect underlying material from applied heat (esp. that due to hot gases) by ablating readily. Cf. ablator n. 2.

ΚΠ

1958 Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening Jrnl. 25 June 15/3 The boy's manned space rocket plan is peppered with knowledgable references to ‘ablative nose cones’ and copper ‘heat-sinks’.

1976 Internat. Security 1 162 High accuracies can be pursued..by using spin stabilized reentry vehicles (RVs), with ablative heat shields and low drag coefficients.

1986 Bull. Atomic Scientists May 31/1 An important means of protecting satellites..is the creation of new ablative materials intended to harden space vehicles against laser attack.

1998 L. A. Graf & M. J. Friedman War Dragons viii. 113 A phaser blast glanced off our bridge carapace, making the ablative armor scream in a protest.

B. n.

A word, form, etc., in the ablative case. With the: the ablative case.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > other specific cases

ablativec1400

instrumental1801

prepositional1824

allative1854

adessive1855

sociative1859

comitative1860

terminative1865

abessive1869

common case1869

translative1869

instructive1879

essive1890

transitional case1890

superessive1895

prepositional case1897

similative1903

lative1939

perlative1953

elative1959

c1400 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 191 How mony case has yow? Sex... Þe nominat[if], geniti[f], datif, acusatif, vocatif, þe ablatif.

c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 81 (MED) With an ablatif, vt: Pater meus est diues auro..With an ablative case.

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 19 Þe ablatyf schal endyn in -o.

1581 W. Fulke Reioynder Bristows Replie ii. 531 Here is the Ablatiue with a preposition.

c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) ii. v. §11 The ablative is noated with prepositiones in, with, be, and sik lyke.

1669 J. Milton Accedence 45 Opus and Usus when they signifie Need, require an Ablative.

1707 W. Turner Exercises to Accidence 130 The same Ablative or Dative shall be the Nominative Case to the Verb in the Active Voice.

1766 H. Giral del Pino New Spanish Gram. 177 Verbs Passive, and the greatest part of the Reciprocals, require the Ablative.

1827 Times 13 Sept. 3/3 Each case has its particular termination, exhibiting in this respect a variety which the Latin ablative does not possess.

1845 E. B. Eastwick tr. F. Bopp Compar. Gram. 233 All prepositions, which are used in construction with the genitive, would, according to the sense, be better used with an ablative or a locative, if these cases were particularly represented in Greek.

1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. §289 The ablative is the ‘from’-case, in the various senses of that preposition: it is used to express removal, separation, distinction, issue, and the like.

1928 O. Jespersen Internat. Lang. i. 45 In 1903 the famous Italian mathematician G. Peano started his Latino sine flexione... The idea is to take the ablative of each Latin noun and one simple form of each verb to be used practically everywhere.

1990 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 35 84 Medieval logicians were fond of topicalizing their sentences with constructions like de with the ablative (e.g. De logica).

Compounds

ablative absolute n. Grammar (in Latin) an ablative case of a noun or pronoun with a participle (expressed or implied) in agreement, grammatically independent of the main clause, and expressing the time, occasion, or circumstance of a fact stated, as in sole oriente, tenebrae aufugiunt: at the sun rising, darkness flees away. Cf. absolute adj. 1a. [Ultimately after post-classical Latin absolutus ablativus (first half of the 11th cent. in a continental treatise on rhetoric); compare Middle French ablatif absolut (14th cent.; Middle French, French ablatif absolu), Spanish ablativo absoluto (end of the 16th cent.), Italian ablativo assoluto (1540).]

ΚΠ

[c1400 [see sense A. 1]. ]

1631 J. Hawkins tr. A. de Nebrija Briefe Introd. Syntax 78 That which they call an Ablative Absolute is governed of a Preposition, for it is found with a Preposition most often.

1706 tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 16th Cent. II. iii. xvi. 215 The Ablative absolute Proponentibus Legatis, deprived the Bishops of their Right of Proposing.

1778 W. Shaw Anal. Galic Lang. iii. 111 This construction is equivalent to the Latin ablative absolute.

1853 Biblical Repertory Apr. 245 To the ablative absolute the German has hardly anything analogous.

1889 W. G. Hale in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 10 334 In Latin all the uses of the ablative absolute sprang from the temporal use of the ablative.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 65/2 The ‘Ablative Absolute’,..consists of a noun in the ablative case, with a participle, attribute or qualifying word agreeing with it.

1984 P. O'Brian Far Side of World v. 176 The young gentlemen had been introduced to the first aorist, the ablative absolute, and the elements of spherical trigonometry.

2001 Church Times 20 July 18/3 One famously duff line (interesting to schoolmasters as containing both an accusative of exclamation and an ablative absolute)..: ‘O fortunatam, natam me consule, Romam !’

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	ablative
释义	ablativeadj.n. Brit. /ˈablətɪv/, U.S. /ˈæblədɪv/, /əˈbleɪdɪv/ Forms: Middle English–1500s ablatif, late Middle English ablatife, late Middle English ablatyve, late Middle English–1500s ablatyf, late Middle English–1500s ablatyfe, late Middle English– ablative, 1500s ablatyue, 1500s–1600s ablatiue. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French ablatif; Latin ablātīvus. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman ablatyf, Anglo-Norman and Middle French ablatif (French ablatif ) (noun) ablative case (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French), (adjective, of a noun) in the ablative case, that governs the ablative (beginning of the 14th cent. in Anglo-Norman), of or relating to the action of taking away, bringing about removal (16th cent.; mid 15th cent. used punningly with reference to the use in grammar) and its etymon classical Latin ablātīvus (in grammar) ablative, (noun, short for ablātīvus casus ) ablative case, in post-classical Latin also that governs the ablative (5th cent.), of or for taking away (from 12th cent. in British sources, usually in wordplay) < ablāt- , past participial stem of auferre to carry away (see ablate v.) + -īvus -ive suffix. In later use (in senses A. 4, A. 3) after ablation n. (compare senses 1, 4, 5 at that entry). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan ablatiu, Catalan ablatiu, noun (13th cent.; also as adjective), Spanish ablativo (1492 as noun, second half of the 15th cent. as adjective), Portuguese ablativo, adjective and noun (1540), Italian ablativo, noun (1406), all earliest in grammar.Classical Latin ablātīvus is first attested in Quintilian (1st cent. a.d.); it is apparently unknown to Varro (1st cent. b.c.), who uses sextus ‘sixth’ and Latinus ‘Latin’ for this case (the case being found in Latin but not in Greek). The 4th-cent. grammarian Charisius uses the term in a passage reporting the doctrine of Pliny (1st cent. a.d.), in turn reporting the doctrine of Julius Caesar (1st cent. b.c.), but it is uncertain whether either of these authors used the word. Compare the following early use of the Latin word (in senses A. 1 and B.) in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 23 Ablativvs ys ætbredendlic: mid ðam casv byð geswutelod, swa hwæt swa we ætbredað oðrum.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 34 And ealle hi geendiaþ ablativvm on i, buton gausape beodclað, ab hoc gausape. A. adj. 1. Grammar. Designating, being in, or relating to a case of nouns and pronouns, and of words in grammatical agreement with them, in Latin and certain other Indo-European languages, the central function of which is to express direction from a place, and which is expressed in English by ‘by’, ‘with’, or ‘from’.Frequently in ablative case. First occurring in ablative case absolute (= ablative absolute n. at Compounds).The ablative was one of the original Indo-European cases. In Greek, Germanic, and Slavonic, it was lost or formally merged with other cases; but it survived in Latin, where it had absorbed the instrumental, and in part the locative of earlier Indo-European. In Latin it was extended to the source from which an action proceeds, the cause or ideal source of an event, the instrument and agent or material sources of an action, the manner in which, and sometimes the place and time at which anything is done. Later the term was applied to the same case in other languages, as well as to the relation expressed by it, however this may be formally shown. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > ablative ablativec1400 ablatival1653 c1400 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 192 (MED) When we haf a reson witouten a verbe we sal sette it in þe ablatif case absolute. c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 32 What case wyll the comparatyf degre haue aftur hym? An ablatyf case of eyther noumbre wythoute a preposicion. a1504 J. Holt Lac Puerorum (1508) i. sig. A.vii All adiectyues in the plurel nombre hath one voyce for all gendres in the datyf and the ablatyf case. 1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. B.i Somtyme hit is put in the ablatyue case absolute. 1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 38 A. The Ablatiue case absolute. Q. What meane you by absolute? A. Without other gouernment. 1641 J. Johnson Acad. Love 29 Verbes of receiving or taking away require an Ablative case. 1707 W. Turner Exercises to Accidence 90 Adjectives signifying fulness, emptiness, plenty or wanting, require an Ablative Case, or a Genitive. 1784 R. Labutte French Gram. ii. 10 The preposition de is commonly expressive both of the genitive and ablative cases. 1839 L. Ramshorn tr. F. Lieber Dict. Lat. Synonymes 38 ō, the Dative and Ablative form of the second declension. 1846 T. Keightley Notes Bucolics & Georgics of Virgil 99 If this be the true reading, sua is an ablative case contracted by the figure synizesis. 1909 School Rev. 17 167 The classification of ablative construction as separative, sociative and locative is implicit in all modern grammars. 1992 Trans. Philol. Soc. 90 14 In New Testament Greek the main beneficiary of the dative's demise was the genitive, which..already harbored the ablative function. 2. Of or relating to the action of taking away or removing something; that brings about removal or subtraction. Now rare.In quot. a1500 used punningly with reference to sense A. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [adjective] > removed or taken away > of or relating to removal ablativea1500 a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 418 The vjt. case is ablatif case, and are they that stelyn and leuyn on oþer mennes goodes. 1565 T. Harding Confut. Apol. Church of Eng. v. xv. f. 268 Such is the logike, such are the topikes of this newe negatiue and ablatiue diuinitie,..taking awaye many good thinges perteining to the maintenance of Christen Religion and Gods honour. 1622 Bp. J. Hall Serm. Thebalds 3 Ablatiue directions are first needfull to vnteach error, ere we can learne truth. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) i. 163 I have taken away my peace from this people, saith the Lord, even loving kindnesse and mercies... This is an ablative judgment, and that a heavy one too. 1713 J. Flamsteed Letter to Mr. Sharp in F. Baily Acc. of Flamsteed (1835) 304 D [Sir Isaac Newton] has lately published his Principia anew, wherein he makes this equation ablative where it was formerly to be added, and to be added where it was subductive. 1780 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. (1789) Concl. 330 The catalogue of collative and ablative events..will belong in common to all or most of the laws constitutive of the various offences against property. 1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. I. i. ii. 43 Ablative, or say divestitive facts. a1886 E. Dickinson Bolts of Melody (1945) 1171 That if it [sc. life] be, it be at best An ablative estate. 2002 S. Gardner in J. L. Bermúdez & S. Gardner Art & Morality xii. 255 Tragedy is viewed as an ablative process in which one part of the self is destroyed and the other, higher part preserved. 3. Surgery. Involving or used in the removal or destruction of an organ or tissue. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > removal by surgical means > [adjective] ablative1895 1895 Maryland Med. Jrnl. 8 June 143/1 There are also cases in which electricity can only do harm, and in which ablative surgery is not only wise, but imperative. 1950 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 79 670/1 The surgery tends to be destructive or at least ablative and should be moderately radical. 1977 Lancet 29 Oct. 899/2 The natural history of the disease may be interrupted by ablative therapy (subtotal thyroidectomy or the use of radioiodine). 2003 Vogue Mar. 454/2 A comprehensive treatment program begins with a combination of ablative lasers (which remove layers of photo-damaged skin..) and gentler, non-ablative laser (which work beneath the skin's surface to stimulate collagen and elastin production). 4. a. Physical Geography, Materials Science, etc. Of, relating to, or involving the erosion or removal of material by ablation (ablation n. 4, 5). ΚΠ 1936 G. Seligman Snow Struct. vi. 131 It has been postulated..that the ablative effect in penitent snow has been intensified by the presence of solid matter to absorb the sun's heat. 1957 Landfall 11 14 Spring came after weeks of ablative blizzards had opened the cracks into lanes. 1968 National Speleol. Soc. Bull. 30 47 There are two types of glacier caves: those formed by ablative action of englacial streams and circulating air, and those formed by movement of ice over a bedrock protuberance. 1977 Physics Fluids 20 880 Thermodynamic coupling effects become important in such applications as..ablative thermal protection processes, chemically reacting flows, [etc.]. 1992 Geochem. Jrnl. 26 29 We suggest that..ablative mass loss occurred effectively during entry into the Earth's atmosphere. 2004 A. Kaufman & K. Mueller in A. B. Tucker Computer Sci. Handbk. (ed. 2) iv. xli. 30 Varadhan and Mueller..demonstrated the visual effect of ablative processes, such as a beam of heat emitted from a blow torch. b. Chiefly Astronautics. Of a material or structure: serving to protect underlying material from applied heat (esp. that due to hot gases) by ablating readily. Cf. ablator n. 2. ΚΠ 1958 Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening Jrnl. 25 June 15/3 The boy's manned space rocket plan is peppered with knowledgable references to ‘ablative nose cones’ and copper ‘heat-sinks’. 1976 Internat. Security 1 162 High accuracies can be pursued..by using spin stabilized reentry vehicles (RVs), with ablative heat shields and low drag coefficients. 1986 Bull. Atomic Scientists May 31/1 An important means of protecting satellites..is the creation of new ablative materials intended to harden space vehicles against laser attack. 1998 L. A. Graf & M. J. Friedman War Dragons viii. 113 A phaser blast glanced off our bridge carapace, making the ablative armor scream in a protest. B. n. A word, form, etc., in the ablative case. With the: the ablative case. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > other specific cases ablativec1400 instrumental1801 prepositional1824 allative1854 adessive1855 sociative1859 comitative1860 terminative1865 abessive1869 common case1869 translative1869 instructive1879 essive1890 transitional case1890 superessive1895 prepositional case1897 similative1903 lative1939 perlative1953 elative1959 c1400 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 191 How mony case has yow? Sex... Þe nominat[if], geniti[f], datif, acusatif, vocatif, þe ablatif. c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 81 (MED) With an ablatif, vt: Pater meus est diues auro..With an ablative case. c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 19 Þe ablatyf schal endyn in -o. 1581 W. Fulke Reioynder Bristows Replie ii. 531 Here is the Ablatiue with a preposition. c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) ii. v. §11 The ablative is noated with prepositiones in, with, be, and sik lyke. 1669 J. Milton Accedence 45 Opus and Usus when they signifie Need, require an Ablative. 1707 W. Turner Exercises to Accidence 130 The same Ablative or Dative shall be the Nominative Case to the Verb in the Active Voice. 1766 H. Giral del Pino New Spanish Gram. 177 Verbs Passive, and the greatest part of the Reciprocals, require the Ablative. 1827 Times 13 Sept. 3/3 Each case has its particular termination, exhibiting in this respect a variety which the Latin ablative does not possess. 1845 E. B. Eastwick tr. F. Bopp Compar. Gram. 233 All prepositions, which are used in construction with the genitive, would, according to the sense, be better used with an ablative or a locative, if these cases were particularly represented in Greek. 1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. §289 The ablative is the ‘from’-case, in the various senses of that preposition: it is used to express removal, separation, distinction, issue, and the like. 1928 O. Jespersen Internat. Lang. i. 45 In 1903 the famous Italian mathematician G. Peano started his Latino sine flexione... The idea is to take the ablative of each Latin noun and one simple form of each verb to be used practically everywhere. 1990 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 35 84 Medieval logicians were fond of topicalizing their sentences with constructions like de with the ablative (e.g. De logica). Compounds ablative absolute n. Grammar (in Latin) an ablative case of a noun or pronoun with a participle (expressed or implied) in agreement, grammatically independent of the main clause, and expressing the time, occasion, or circumstance of a fact stated, as in sole oriente, tenebrae aufugiunt: at the sun rising, darkness flees away. Cf. absolute adj. 1a. [Ultimately after post-classical Latin absolutus ablativus (first half of the 11th cent. in a continental treatise on rhetoric); compare Middle French ablatif absolut (14th cent.; Middle French, French ablatif absolu), Spanish ablativo absoluto (end of the 16th cent.), Italian ablativo assoluto (1540).] ΚΠ [c1400 [see sense A. 1]. ] 1631 J. Hawkins tr. A. de Nebrija Briefe Introd. Syntax 78 That which they call an Ablative Absolute is governed of a Preposition, for it is found with a Preposition most often. 1706 tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 16th Cent. II. iii. xvi. 215 The Ablative absolute Proponentibus Legatis, deprived the Bishops of their Right of Proposing. 1778 W. Shaw Anal. Galic Lang. iii. 111 This construction is equivalent to the Latin ablative absolute. 1853 Biblical Repertory Apr. 245 To the ablative absolute the German has hardly anything analogous. 1889 W. G. Hale in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 10 334 In Latin all the uses of the ablative absolute sprang from the temporal use of the ablative. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 65/2 The ‘Ablative Absolute’,..consists of a noun in the ablative case, with a participle, attribute or qualifying word agreeing with it. 1984 P. O'Brian Far Side of World v. 176 The young gentlemen had been introduced to the first aorist, the ablative absolute, and the elements of spherical trigonometry. 2001 Church Times 20 July 18/3 One famously duff line (interesting to schoolmasters as containing both an accusative of exclamation and an ablative absolute)..: ‘O fortunatam, natam me consule, Romam !’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.c1400
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