baryonn.

Brit.

/ˈbarɪɒn/, U.S.

/ˈbɛriˌɑn/

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek βαρύς , -on suffix¹.

Etymology: < ancient Greek βαρύς heavy (see baro- comb. form) + -on suffix¹.Compare the following isolated attestation of the same formation in a different sense, published in the same month as quot. 1953 at main sense:1953 F. J. Belinfante in Physical Rev. 92 145/1 There is now some evidence of a nucleon isomer, as predicted by strong-coupling theory. The properties of this isomer are much different from those of the nucleon... We shall in the following adopt for this nucleon isomer a name of its own, baryon (= heavy particle), indicating its slightly heavier mass (estimated at around 2385m_e).

Particle Physics.

Originally: a strongly interacting subatomic particle (a hadron) other than a meson, characterized by a greater mass than mesons. Now (equivalently): a subatomic particle composed of three quarks.Baryons, with three quarks and half-integral spin, are distinguished from mesons, which have two quarks and integral spins. Hyperons and nucleons (protons and neutrons) are examples of baryons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > baryon > [noun]

baryon1953

lambda1954

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > baryon > [noun] > other than proton or neutron

baryon1953

1953 A. Pais in Prog. Theor. Physics 10 457 It seems practical to have a collective name for these particles and other [sic] which possibly may still be discovered... It is proposed to use the fitting name ‘baryon’ for this purpose.

1964 Cambr. Rev. 24 Oct. 53/1 The..equality of the Fermi coupling constant for many different particles, baryons, mesons and leptons.

1976 Sci. Amer. Jan. 46/2 The baryons with the lowest mass are those with a spin of 1/2. There are eight of them: two nucleons (N).., a lambda particle (Λ).., three sigma particles (Σ)..and two cascade particles (Ξ).

1984 Washington Post (Nexis) 22 Dec. a2 To produce the amount of lithium-7 in the universe there can only have been about 9 percent of the mass—in the form of baryons—necessary to close the universe.

2004 A. Watson Quantum Quark iv. 240 The CERN group saw signs of a ‘bottom baryon’, the Λ_b, a combination of up, down, and bottom quarks, which at 5624 MeV remains the heaviest confirmed baryon.

Compounds

baryon number n. a quantum number assigned to subatomic particles, equal to 1 for baryons and −1 for antibaryons (hence ¹/ ₃ for quarks and -¹/ ₃ for antiquarks), and 0 for all other particles; symbol B.The concept is generalized for a collection of particles, being defined as one third of the difference between the number of quarks and the number of antiquarks.Baryon number is conserved in nearly all the particle interactions hitherto observed.

ΚΠ

1956 Nucl. Physics 1 658 The conservation of parity, baryon number, and charge cannot decide whether a given process is strong or weak (except for elementary processes), and we need a conservation of U.

1972 G. L. Wick Elem. Particles v. 92 All of the strongly interacting particles fall into families which are specified by three quantum numbers—hypercharge, isotopic spin and baryon number.

1988 J. D. Barrow & F. J. Tipler Anthropic Cosmol. Princ. (rev. ed.) v. 357 The strong interaction governs a class of particles (quarks and gluons) which possess a conserved quality called baryon number.

2004 A. Watson Quantum Quark iv. 144 Baryon number conservation, on one hand an empirical rule, is also inspired by quantum field theory.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	baryon
释义	baryonn. Brit. /ˈbarɪɒn/, U.S. /ˈbɛriˌɑn/ Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek βαρύς , -on suffix¹. Etymology: < ancient Greek βαρύς heavy (see baro- comb. form) + -on suffix¹.Compare the following isolated attestation of the same formation in a different sense, published in the same month as quot. 1953 at main sense:1953 F. J. Belinfante in Physical Rev. 92 145/1 There is now some evidence of a nucleon isomer, as predicted by strong-coupling theory. The properties of this isomer are much different from those of the nucleon... We shall in the following adopt for this nucleon isomer a name of its own, baryon (= heavy particle), indicating its slightly heavier mass (estimated at around 2385m_e). Particle Physics. Originally: a strongly interacting subatomic particle (a hadron) other than a meson, characterized by a greater mass than mesons. Now (equivalently): a subatomic particle composed of three quarks.Baryons, with three quarks and half-integral spin, are distinguished from mesons, which have two quarks and integral spins. Hyperons and nucleons (protons and neutrons) are examples of baryons. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > baryon > [noun] baryon1953 lambda1954 the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > baryon > [noun] > other than proton or neutron baryon1953 1953 A. Pais in Prog. Theor. Physics 10 457 It seems practical to have a collective name for these particles and other [sic] which possibly may still be discovered... It is proposed to use the fitting name ‘baryon’ for this purpose. 1964 Cambr. Rev. 24 Oct. 53/1 The..equality of the Fermi coupling constant for many different particles, baryons, mesons and leptons. 1976 Sci. Amer. Jan. 46/2 The baryons with the lowest mass are those with a spin of 1/2. There are eight of them: two nucleons (N).., a lambda particle (Λ).., three sigma particles (Σ)..and two cascade particles (Ξ). 1984 Washington Post (Nexis) 22 Dec. a2 To produce the amount of lithium-7 in the universe there can only have been about 9 percent of the mass—in the form of baryons—necessary to close the universe. 2004 A. Watson Quantum Quark iv. 240 The CERN group saw signs of a ‘bottom baryon’, the Λ_b, a combination of up, down, and bottom quarks, which at 5624 MeV remains the heaviest confirmed baryon. Compounds baryon number n. a quantum number assigned to subatomic particles, equal to 1 for baryons and −1 for antibaryons (hence ¹/ ₃ for quarks and -¹/ ₃ for antiquarks), and 0 for all other particles; symbol B.The concept is generalized for a collection of particles, being defined as one third of the difference between the number of quarks and the number of antiquarks.Baryon number is conserved in nearly all the particle interactions hitherto observed. ΚΠ 1956 Nucl. Physics 1 658 The conservation of parity, baryon number, and charge cannot decide whether a given process is strong or weak (except for elementary processes), and we need a conservation of U. 1972 G. L. Wick Elem. Particles v. 92 All of the strongly interacting particles fall into families which are specified by three quantum numbers—hypercharge, isotopic spin and baryon number. 1988 J. D. Barrow & F. J. Tipler Anthropic Cosmol. Princ. (rev. ed.) v. 357 The strong interaction governs a class of particles (quarks and gluons) which possess a conserved quality called baryon number. 2004 A. Watson Quantum Quark iv. 144 Baryon number conservation, on one hand an empirical rule, is also inspired by quantum field theory. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1953
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