networkn.adj.
/ˈnɛtwəːk/, U.S. /ˈnɛtˌwərk/ A. n.
1. Work (esp. manufactured work) in which threads, wires, etc., are crossed or interlaced in the fashion of a net; frequently applied to light fabric made of threads intersecting in this way. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [noun] > structure resembling network > of threads, etc.
network1530
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > with open texture > net or mesh
netOE
network1530
netting1587
meshing1615
mesh1725
toiling1805
1530 Bible (Tyndale) Exod. xxxviii. f. lxxv And he made a brasen gredyren of networke.
1560 Bible (Geneva) Exod. xxvii. 4 Thou shalt make vnto it a grate like networke of brasse.
1575 in J. W. Clay Clifford Fam. (1906) 35 I do give to my said aunte one suyte of networke.
a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. F4 Thou shalt haue garments of Imbrodred silke, Lawnes and rich networks for thy head attyre.
1600 Bk. of Robes f. 11v, in J. Arnold Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (1988) 256 One Mantle of blacke silke networke.
1611 Bible (King James) Jer. 52: 22 With networke [L. retiacula] and pomegranates vpon the chapiters round about, all of brasse. View more context for this quotation
1695 A. Wood Will in Life (1894) III. 503 All the network, that I am now possess'd of, and which was formerly left me by my mother.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 275. ¶5 Ribbons, Lace and Embroidery, wrought together in a most curious Piece of Network.
1781 E. Darwin Bot. Garden, Econ. Vegetation iii. 556 So shoot the Spider-broods at breezy dawn, Their glittering net-work o'er the autumnal lawn.
1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 31 The woven leaves Make net-work of the dark blue light of day.
1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. iii. iii. 173 A sort of band of net-work running round the middle of the sky.
1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. ix. 165 A light coif of network confined..the rich glossy curling hair.
1881 Truth 19 May 686/2 The train was of cerise satin and gold network.
1955 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 168/1 Recent discoveries in prehistoric mounds have shown that our ancestors trimmed their garments with knotted braids and fancy network.
2. † c. regional. A filamentous freshwater alga. Also called crow-silk. Obsolete. rare.
a. A piece of work having the form or construction of a net; an arrangement or structure with intersecting lines and interstices resembling those of a net.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [noun] > structure resembling network
netOE
webworkc1175
network1590
reticulation1663
spider-web1699
mesh1712
reticulum1722
reticle1790
spider-workc1812
meshwork1830
sagene1846
web1851
chainwork1864
ribwork1892
meshing1907
1590 E. Spenser Muiopotmos 368 With this so curious networke [sc. a spider's web] to compare.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xix. 9 They that weaue net-works shall be confounded. View more context for this quotation
1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus ii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 109 That famous network of Vulcan, which..caused that unextinguishable laugh in heaven.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. viii. 380 The galeon was..provided against boarding..by a strong net-work of two inch rope.
1814 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 70/1 The fastening which secures the net-work and the valve at the top of the Balloon.
1849 R. A. Willmott Jrnl. Summer in Country 19 July A paper network is where a fire ought to be.
1881 Truth 19 May 686/2 The bodice is covered with a network of pearls.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 266/2 When liberated, it [sc. the balloon] rose with great rapidity, and becoming fully inflated it pressed upon the network, bulging out at the top and bottom.
1989 D. Morrow & M. Keyes Conc. Hist. Sport in Canada 50 The Crosse may be of any given size to suit the players, but the woven network must not be bagged.
1991 New Scientist (BNC) 16 Feb. A mere spider sets about constructing a precise and complex network of several different kinds of threads held together with hundreds of precisely placed ‘welds’.
b. A structure of this kind forming part of animal or plant tissue.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [noun] > parts of other shape
network1658
strangulation1828
rod1844
zipper1937
the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > tissue > vessel(s) > vascular system
network1658
vascular system1813
1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 148 This Reticulate or Net-work was also considerable in the inward parts of man.
1724 R. Blackmore Treat. Consumptions 19 This curious and wonderful net-work of veins.
1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) V. 188 A mucous substance, which forms a kind of network between the epidermis and the skin.
1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 214 Net-works which form in a great measure the serous..membranes.
1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 250 After entering the skin they pass over into a network of bundles.
1898 B. P. Colton Physiol. v. 105 The Pulmonary Capillaries, forming a thick network around and between the air sacs.
1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) vii. 84 Along with the interstitial cells in both ectoderm and endoderm are found scattered nerve cells, which are associated in a sort of network by means of their long, branched processes.
1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) ix. 274 The whole heart musculature is a continuous network of dividing and recombining strands.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > appearance of plant > form of plant or that has parts of particular shape > [noun] > network
network1897
1897 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 3rd Ser. 8 617 One [weed] known locally as network or silkwort, on account of its thread-like stems, forms a tangled mass around the cress.
d. An extended array of atoms bonded together in a crystalline or other substance; spec. a structure in a glass in which atoms of silicon and/or another element are linked in a three-dimensional array by oxygen atoms.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical structure or stereochemistry > [noun] > a structure proposed for glass
network1908
1908 Proc. Royal Soc. 1907–8 A. 80 274 An attempt to formulate the structure of hæmatite shows that the atoms on the basal plane lie on the nodes of a hexagonal network.
1932 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 54 3842 As in crystals, the atoms in glasses must form extended three dimensional networks.
1947 Jrnl. Soc. Glass Technol. 31 117 A quantitative factor may be deduced which is..an indication of the extent to which these atoms may be expected to take part in the glass network.
1971 Oxidation of Metals & Alloys (Amer. Soc. for Metals) 42 Oxides of the form..M2O3 can form a network if the oxygens form triangles around each metal atom.
1974 D. M. Adams Inorg. Solids vii. 245 In aluminosilicates, which are based upon networks of (SiO4) and (AlO4) tetrahedra, the additional electrostatic bond to oxygen..is satisfied most commonly by Ca2+ or Mg2+ in eight-coordination.
1996 Amer. Scientist July 327/2 They [sc. compounds of cesium and tellurium] are extended structures, in which networks of atoms, bonded in part by covalent, in part by ionic forces, march in orderly fashion.
3. A chain or system of interconnected immaterial things.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > [noun] > interconnection > that which is interconnected
network1817
subnetwork1924
1817 S. T. Coleridge Blessed are ye that Sow Introd. p. xi The arterial or nerve-like net-work of property.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits v. 101 Their law is a network of fictions.
1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 381 A network of feudal tenures is thus spread over the whole land.
1947 N. Frye Fearful Symmetry iv. 105 His [sc. Blake's] independence as an artist involved him..in the vast network of commercial conspiracy by which dealers, critics and factory-painters got their pictures sold.
1957 G. Ashe King Arthur's Avalon iii. 107 The poem entangles Arthur in a network of other-worldly themes, a network which takes in Glastonbury and the quest for a miraculous vessel.
1990 L. H. Powers in H. James & E. Wharton Lett. Introd. 23 James also loved to string out a joke, stretch a network of allusion.
4.
a. Any netlike or complex system or collection of interrelated things, as topographical features, lines of transportation, or telecommunications routes (esp. telephone lines).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun]
chorography1617
pedography1625
topography1642
paysage1650
face1673
the lie of the land1697
carte du pays1744
terrain1766
network1839
landscape1886
land form1893
microtopography1941
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > [noun] > network of routes
network1839
the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > quality of being systematic > systematic arrangement > a system or scheme > specific types of system
hierarchy1644
algebra1663
network1839
closed system1896
open system1939
society > travel > transport > [noun] > system or collection of lines of transportation
transit system1850
overground1966
network1974
Metrolink1983
1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. xlvii. 110 The island, or net-work of islands, formed by the Danube.
1850 Househ. Words 17 Aug. 482/1 The three kingdoms would be intersected by a net-work of railroad measuring twelve thousand miles.
1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. x. 199 The flat prairies between the net-work of waters.
1869 Bradshaw's Railway Man. 21 346 The Antwerp and Rotterdam, in conjunction with the East Belgian and the Sambre and Meuse, is now worked under the title of the Great Central Belgian. The network thus constituted comprises 310 miles.
1869 Bradshaw's Railway Man. 21 366 The guarantee of interest given by the State on the new network capital.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. 1st Ser. viii. 233 The Northmen..had surrounded their whole camp with a network of trenches.
1889 W. H. Preece & J. Maier Telephone xiv. 216 The switchboard is an apparatus which enables each subscriber of the telephonic network to call the exchange and to enter into communication with it.
1937 Discovery May 163/2 Few people realise how vast is the network of airlines which now links up the United States with Central and South America.
1961 L. Mumford City in Hist. ix. 276 The ancient network of alleys and streets.
1966 G. F. Allen Brit. Rail after Beeching viii. 243 Each Region drafted a scheme to..thin out its depots to a network sited so that they could be economically served by feeder services direct from a yard handling long-distance trains.
1972 N. Calder Restless Earth (1975) vi. 109 A network of seismic instruments to record and pinpoint the earthquakes.
1974 U. K. Le Guin Dispossessed iv. 81 She intended that all communities be connected by communication and transportation networks, so that goods and ideas could get where they were wanted.
1986 Fortune 23 June 107/1 The company will concentrate on selling telephone networks and widely varied products, including computers, to plug into those networks.
1988 J. Heller Picture This ii. 16 The vast network of Dutch trading posts and territorial possessions that extended east and west.
1993 J. Kay Found. Corporate Success i. ii. 30 You can run a drug company with very little capital employed but not an oil business or a telephone network.
b. Electrical Engineering. A system of cables for the distribution of electricity to consumers; esp. an interconnected system where each consumer is supplied by more than one route; (in extended use) any system of interconnected electrical conductors or components, sometimes including a voltage source, that provides more than one path for the current between any two points.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > [noun] > network
network1883
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun]
network1883
grid1926
national grid1930
1883 Jrnl. Soc. Telegraph-engineers & Electricians 12 551 (heading) On a method of calculating the total horsepower expended in a network of conductors (such, for instance, as a system of street mains).
1914 J. W. Meares Electr. Engin. in India iii. 47 The terms ‘network’ and ‘distributor’ are also applied to any system of distributing mains.
1930 C. Dannatt & J. W. Dalgleish Electr. Power Transmission v. 110 Any network can be divided into conducting polygons or meshes.
1940 Proc. IRE 28 415/1 Figs. 3 and 4 represent mathematically identical networks, even though they refer to physically different systems.
1952 G. A. Korn & T. M. Korn Electronic Analog Computers iv. 147 Some computing networks and their transfer functions.
1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 201/1 Distribution systems can be classified into the following basic categories: (a) Radial system. (b) Ring system: (i) h.v. feeders ring. (ii) l.v. distribution ring. (c) Network system.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) IX. 72/1 A network may be solved when it is possible to set up a number of independent equations equal to the number of unknown quantities.
1988 V. Capel Audio & Hi-Fi Engineer's Pocket Bk. 156 Another description given to the second, third, and fourth order filters is L network, and π network respectively.
1991 G. H. Tomlinson Electr. Networks & Filters 71 Analysis of the network can be carried out by a star-mesh transformation of each T-section with the branches expressed as admittances.
c. Broadcasting. A broadcasting system consisting of a series of transmitters able to be linked together to carry the same programme; a group of radio or television stations linked by such a system; (chiefly U.S.) a large (esp. nationwide) broadcasting company which produces programmes to be relayed to affiliated local stations. Also (occasionally): a nationwide broadcasting channel.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > [noun] > systems or methods
closed circuit1827
hookup1903
network1914
narrowcasting1924
rediffusion1931
networking1940
digital1978
society > communication > broadcasting > broadcasting service > [noun] > broadcasting network
network1914
web1932
net1959
1914 W. A. Du Puy Uncle Sam's Mod. Miracles 170 This great network of stations may not merely hurl forth its messages.
1931 Nation 11 Feb. 147 The president spoke over the net-work twenty-seven times last year.
1933 B.B.C. Year-bk. 37 In step with the gradual nationalisation of the network, local autonomy has declined.
1941 B.B.C. Gloss. of Broadcasting Terms 20 Network cue, cue consisting of a standardized phrase which constitutes a signal for the performance of technical operations at switching centres and transmitting stations forming part of a network.
1957 Listener 21 Nov. 853/3 His hour-by-hour account of what the networks were saying.
1967 Listener 17 Aug. 194/1 The present Third Network will become Radio 3 and the Home-Service network Radio 4.
1970 New Yorker 28 Feb. 29/2 The more general avoidance of controversial issues which has been noticeable among politicians and on the networks and in the press.
1989 Japan Times 15 May 4/3 A broadcast of the Bush interview on the U.S. armed forces network was jammed.
1990 Tear Times (Tear Fund) No. 49. 9/3 Hour-long television music ‘specials’ are regularly shown on Christian TV networks.
d. Computing. A system of interconnected computers. Frequently attributive.local area network, wide area network: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > network > [noun]
backbone1924
computer network1950
network1962
mesh1977
cloud1997
1962 Electr. Engin. (U.S.) 81 376 (heading) Airline computer networks speed reservations.
1972 Sci. Amer. June 52/3 By last month the network..included 24 computer centers (‘nodes’ in the terminology of the system), ranging from Massachusetts to California.
1977 S. Hoener et al. in Internat. Microcomputers/Minicomputers/Microprocessors '77 xiii. 99 Several computer networks already exist among large scale computers mainly,..or a large scale computer is connected with a star-shaped net of minicomputers... But there are already pure networks made up of minicomputers only.
1984 Which Micro? Dec. 20/1 Extras:.. econet network interface.
1991 K. Hafner & J. Markoff Cyberpunk i. 110 The Arpanet..served as the technology testing ground for the commercial computer networks such as Tymnet and Telenet that were to follow.
1999 Daily Tel. 18 Feb. (Connected section) 2/4 Third-generation networks will allow users to surf the Internet at up to two megabits per second, download emails, music and pictures, and even hold videoconferences on the move.
5.
a. An interconnected group or chain of retailers, businesses, or other organizations.
ΚΠ
1882 H. D. Traill Recaptured Rhymes 156 From the jungle and swamp to the city the painful ascent should be made... From the first rough knottings of barter to infinite network of trade.]
1901 Econ. Jrnl. 11 416 No fewer than 557 places in Great Britain and Ireland have been brought into a network now comprising 6,521 offices and in touch with every factor which goes to make up commercial life.
1951 Jrnl. Business Univ. Chicago 24 103/1 The term ‘structure of marketing’ is usually applied to the network of trade channels through which ownership of products moves from production to consumption.
1976 Aviation Week (Nexis) 17 May 49 In Europe, North and South America and the Middle East, where the Hawker Siddeley parent group has had a long-established network of marketing and manufacturing facilities.
1989 Which? Oct. 505/1 Trading checks..are vouchers sold by trading check companies and can be used in a network of retail and service outlets.
1992 Economist 10 Oct. 93/1 Most network organisations, because they seek to build close, long-term relationships with their customers, suppliers, subcontractors and distributors, rapidly become part of what the two American academics call a ‘stable network’.
1997 Village Voice (N.Y.) 22 July 30/3 Singh's stall did such a land-office business that he was soon able to organize a network of vendors and, eventually, to earn enough for fare to New York.
b. An interconnected group of people; an organization; spec. a group of people having certain connections (frequently as a result of attending a particular school or university) which may be exploited to gain preferment, information, etc., esp. for professional advantage. Cf. network v. 2; networking n. 2.old boy(s') network: see old boy n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > other types of association, society, or organization
invisible college1647
rota1660
working party1744
free association1761
working committee1821
Ethical Society1822
bar association1824
league1846
congress1870
tiger1874
cult1875
Daughters of the American Revolution1890
community group1892
housing association1898
working party1902
development agency1910
affinity group1915
propaganda machine1916
funding body1922
collective1925
Ku-Klux1930
network1946
NGO1946
production brigade1950
umbrella organization1950
plantation1956
think-tank1958
think group1961
team1990
1884 A. Forbes Chinese Gordon v. 140 British India is a network of cliquism and favoritism.]
1946 E. Waugh Let. 12 May (1980) v. 228 I mentioned to him that you maintain a network of overpaid informers.
1947 Sci. News 4 37 He [sc. the habitual criminal]..is matching his brain and slender resources against all the might of a vast police network with infinite resource.
1957 E. Bott Family & Social Network iii. 92 Although the networks of husband and wife are distinct, it is very likely, even at the time of marriage, that there will be over-lapping between them.
1960 L. Pincus Marriage i. 15 Supports and satisfactions..normally provided by participation in..social and kinship networks are sought, and often not found, within the resources of marriage.
1972 Daily Tel. 19 June 2/1 I was paid..about £500 for infiltrating the IRA network in London.
1974 ‘J. le Carré’ Tinker, Tailor xxii. 196 Moscow..was busy denouncing him for blowing the San Francisco network.
1988 L. Dhingra Amritvela xii. 51 You see the old generation and all the strong bonds and joint family ideas and family support—well, they're all getting old and the younger generation wants smaller networks.
1993 C. T. Rowan Dream Makers, Dream Breakers xix. 333 White policemen and firefighters in places such as Detroit and Memphis, who had long controlled the exams, promotions and almost everything through their ‘old buddy’ network.
2000 Evening Standard (Nexis) 15 June 10 Since the Sixties when Anthony Sampson portrayed the networks of old school-tie power in his legendary Anatomy of Britain, most of the traditional barriers have fallen.
6.
a. Mathematics. A graph, esp. a digraph, in which each edge has associated with it a non-negative number (its capacity).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > graph
curve1818
profile1860
plot1880
graph1886
curve plotting1891
trend line1912
subgraph1931
network1941
digraph1955
multigraph1966
1941 Proc. Cambr. Philos. Soc. 37 194 Let N be a network (or linear graph) such that at each node not more than n lines meet (where n > 2), and no line has both ends at the same node.
1962 L. R. Ford & D. R. Fulkerson Flows in Networks i. 2 A directed network or directed linear graph G = [N; ] consists of a collection N of elements x, y,.., together with a subset of the ordered pairs (x, y) of elements taken from N.
1991 J. Hunt in C. Bondi New Applic. Math. v. 104 These are called singular points and..they can be analysed by using some of the same mathematics we use for vertices in networks.
b. A diagrammatic representation of interconnected events, processes, etc., used in the planning of complex projects or sequences of operations.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > diagram > other types of diagram
map1797
base map1862
polar diagram1879
Gantt chart1918
pie diagram1921
pie chart1922
pie graph1930
histomap1931
process sheet1935
rose diagram1938
process chart1939
stereodiagram1945
wall chart1958
network1959
concept map1967
polar1975
mind map1987
1959 S. Beer Cybernetics & Managem. xi. 95 Each of the dots in the network represents some binary situation.
1964 A. Battersby Network Anal. ii. 13 It is not the purpose of this book to discuss such methods of charting in detail..but rather to point out why their inadequacies have made necessary a new method of charting: arrow diagrams, otherwise known as networks.
1966 S. Beer Decision & Control ix. 191 Naturally, the critical path through a converging network can be discovered under any criterion or balance of criteria.
1967 S. Woodgate in G. Wills & R. Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. v. 73 Network planning techniques first came into general use in 1957.
1967 S. Woodgate in G. Wills & R. Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. v. 98 Network, a schematic representation of events and activities which shows their inter-relationships.
1970 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 15 103 Once we express a grammar in terms of a relational network, intermediate symbols become completely superfluous.
1970 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 15 108 One can organize types of grammar in a two-by-two table. There are rewrite grammars and network grammars.
1985 Pract. Computing May 7/1 The great minds of the software houses are starting to focus on the sales potential of project-planning software for micros using network-planning techniques.
1993 G. A. Cole Managem. Theory & Pract. (ed. 4) 206 The basis of network planning is the representation of sequential relationships between activities by means of a network of lines and circles.
B. adj. (attributive).
1. † b. figurative. Complicated, involved. Obsolete. rare.
a. Made of network; arranged in the fashion of network. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [adjective] > like a net or network
netty1587
network1599
meshed1616
retiform1636
reticulate1658
reticulated1665
verricular1706
reticulary1717
retiformous1718
reticular1722
wide-meshed1724
netted1791
reticulating1795
reticuled1824
reticulose1826
1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. at Albanega A kind of networke coife that women weare on their heads.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xix. i. 3 The net-worke Habergeon or Curet of Amasis.
1658 Sir T. Browne (title) The Garden of Cyrus, or the quincunciall, lozenge, or net-work plantations of the Ancients.
1747 S. Johnson (title) To Miss..on her giving the Authour a Gold and Silk Net-work Purse, of her own weaving.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 390 Seeds entangled in..network membranes.
1865 F. B. Palliser Hist. Lace ii. 17 Distinct from all these geometric combinations was the Lacis of the sixteenth century, done on a network ground (réseau), identical with the ‘opus araneum’, or spider-work of continental writers.
1898 Daily News 19 Oct. 5/7 One of the network racks of a first-class compartment.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > obscurity > [adjective] > complex
intricate?a1500
crabby1550
implicate1555
crabbed1561
intortive1575
implexeda1620
network1675
tortious1682
embarrassed1695
implex1712
wimpleda1722
wrapped1787
hydriform1822
torturous1841
sinuous1853
tortuous1858
involuteda1910
1675 R. Baxter Catholick Theol. ii. i. 255 You will have more solid..truth..than..such Writers do teach you in their learned Net-work treatises.
2. Broadcasting (chiefly U.S.). Of, relating to, broadcast by, or characteristic of a broadcasting network.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > broadcasting service > [adjective] > relating to broadcasting region
regional1926
network1932
1932 Broadcasting 15 May 13 Response to these talks, Dr. Klein declared, has been nationwide, and is indicative of the penetrative scope of broadcasting, both of the network and independent stations.
1956 Newsweek 7 May 59 On its three wholly owned TV stations, exclusive of network operations, CBS reported a total net investment as of Dec. 31, 1953, of $3.322.023.
1961 Washington Post 17 Feb. A14 The Columbia Broadcasting System's handling of its excellent TV show ‘The Spy Next Door’ on Wednesday night at 10 is a good illustration of what is amiss with network television.
1966 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xlii. 46 A Southern rustic's imitation of ‘network’ pronunciation.
1984 A. Hailey Strong Medicine IV. xi. 358 His familiar face..was on network news that night.
1992 Economist 24 Oct. 59/3 By October 21st the Bush team had spent $17m on network advertising.
Compounds
network analyser n. any of various devices or systems for measuring, monitoring, or modelling the behaviour of an electrical or computer network.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > [noun] > network > calculation of currents > apparatus used in
network analyser1930
1930 H. L. Hazen et al. in Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 49 1102/1 The following paper deals with an improved form of network-computing device... The Network Analyzer, as this device is called, is installed in the Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia VI. 625/2 Since World War II, digital computers have largely replaced network analyzers.
1992 MacWorld June 171/2 Network analyzer programs gather statistics only running on a networked Mac, whereas managed hubs gather statistics continuously.
1993 Appl. Superconductivity 1 2 The high frequency measurements were carried out using HP8757C scalar network analyser with the associated reflectometry setup.
network analysis n. (a) calculation or modelling of the properties of an electrical or computer network; (b) the application of certain mathematical or computational techniques to the analysis of interconnected events, processes, etc., in the planning of complex projects or sequences of operations.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > study of work > [noun] > specific studies or techniques
time study1904
motion study1911
work study1921
acid test ratio1925
network analysis1930
methods study1932
methods engineering1939
methods–time measurement1948
activity sampling1956
rhochrematics1960
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > [noun] > network > calculation of currents
network analysis1930
1930 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 49 1102/1 Several types of experimental computing devices or miniature systems for network analysis have been developed.
1962 Operations Res. 10 728 Network analysis—also known as PERT (program evaluation and review technique), PEP (program evaluation procedure), CPM (critical-path method), CPS (critical path scheduling), and arrow diagramming—for the planning and control of research and industrial projects and programs has been the subject of many published articles.
1966 Economist 3 Dec. 1043/1 The Post Office Savings Bank has made massive use of network analysis to control its move to Glasgow.
1985 Today's Computers Jan. 52/2 Network analysis, a listing of the components of a project network, with their start/end dates, float, and dependencies.
1991 G. H. Tomlinson Electr. Networks & Filters 188 In passive network analysis, the allpass network has a particularly important property, namely that it can be realized by a constant-resistance network.
1994 T. Byrne Local Govt. in Brit. (ed. 6) x. 279 Network analysis may be used once a new project has been approved.
network computer n. a computer used on a network system; esp. (a standard specification for) a low-cost computer designed chiefly to provide network access, and featuring a graphical interface based on World Wide Web standards; abbreviated NC.
ΚΠ
1984 Re: Lisa/2, Mac's Big Brother? in net.micro (Usenet newsgroup) 19 Feb. Possibly a ‘network computer’ similar to the Sun Microsystems and Cadmus products is in the works.
1995 Dallas Morning News (Nexis) 8 Oct. 6 h Oracle will charge a minimal licensing fee for its network computer designs, because its main aim is to spur demand for its database software products.
1998 San Francisco Chron. (Nexis) 4 Feb. b1 Each of the complex's 206 apartments will have a network computer—the equivalent of a PC without a hard drive, linked to the training center's servers and to the Internet.
2000 Daily Tel. 16 Mar. (Connected section) 11/1 The spread of networks and the internet has resulted in some schools replacing the conventional desktop PC with the Network Computer.
network English n. standard American English as maintained in the U.S. by network television announcers; cf. B.B.C. English n. at B.B.C. n. Compounds.
ΚΠ
1974 Florida FL Reporter 13 35/2 Nor is there any compelling evidence that the form of speech called ‘network’ English is threatening to supercede any of the standard..spoken varieties.
1980 Amer. Speech 1976 51 245 Quotation marks..are all too rarely used by those sociolinguists who plump for a deregionalized ‘network English’.
1992 Eng. Today July 16/1 The usual choice is RP or, occasionally, American Network English, taught by a method derived from the Reform Movement of the 1880s, emphasizing speech training, knowledge of cultural background, and empathy.
network former n. (a substance containing) an atom which can become part of the network of atoms (chiefly silicon and oxygen) in a glass (see sense A. 2d).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [noun] > types by properties
agent1624
analyser1661
pyrophorus1734
pyrophore1788
frigoric1812
diffusate1850
diffusant1867
cryogen1875
metachrome1876
carrier1902
getter1912
active1918
network former1947
network modifier1947
radiosensitizer1953
monophase1968
1947 Jrnl. Soc. Glass Technol. 31 114 For some years it has been customary to classify the various constituents of glass into network-formers, such as SiO2 and B2O3; intermediates..; and modifiers.
1966 C. R. Tottle Sci. Engin. Materials iii. 83 Aluminium occurs in the natural glass obsidian, as a network former, in the proportion of one aluminium to five silicon ions, with sodium and potassium to modify the network.
1999 Jrnl. Solid State Chem. 145 65/2 When PbO is added..it acts both as a network modifier and as a network former depending upon its concentration in the glass.
network-forming adj. that forms a network (of atoms, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [adjective] > by properties
pyrophoric1788
pyrophorous1800
optical1947
network-forming1950
network-modifying1950
1950 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. V. 723 Oxygen ratio is defined as the total number of oxygen ions to the total number of network-forming ions.
2000 Jrnl. Non-crystalline Solids 273 8 The purpose of this work is to verify the possible existence of a relationship between the similarity of the local structure of the network-forming cation Si4+..in glasses and isochemical crystals and the nucleating ability of these glasses.
network marketing n. Business = pyramid selling n. (cf. also multilevel adj. 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > [noun] > selling method or technique > types of
branding1913
cross-selling1919
mass marketing1920
supermarketing1940
hard sell1945
market testing1947
sales drive1951
soft sell1953
rack-jobbing1954
switch selling1960
cold selling1961
telesales1962
telemarketing1963
loss-leading1964
test-marketing1964
pyramid selling1965
inertia selling1968
overselling1968
bundling1969
oversell1969
rack job1969
bounceback1970
party plan1973
sale-leaseback1973
up-marketing1975
sellathon1976
upselling1977
cold calling1978
cold call1980
network marketing1981
ambush marketing1987
green marketing1988
relationship marketing1988
freemium1994
e-tailing1995
1981 Amer. Banker (Nexis) 22 Apr. 2 Among the topics covered will be operations, regulation and deregulation, camera surveillance, national switching, networking, internetwork linkage, cooperative network marketing, and off-premise ATM satellites.
1992 Daily Tel. 22 Jan. 14/4 The most worrying thing about network marketing seems to be that it turns any and every friendship into a potential business deal.
2000 Nation (Thailand) (Electronic ed.) 16 Oct. Network marketing and direct sales could provide the opportunity for additional income that many people need during this period of financial trouble.
network modifier n. (a substance containing) a metal ion which can occupy an interstice in the network structure of a glass (see sense A. 2d).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [noun] > types by properties
agent1624
analyser1661
pyrophorus1734
pyrophore1788
frigoric1812
diffusate1850
diffusant1867
cryogen1875
metachrome1876
carrier1902
getter1912
active1918
network former1947
network modifier1947
radiosensitizer1953
monophase1968
1947Network modifier [see network former n.].
1960 Proc. Royal Soc. 258 36 The control of the effect by the addition of magnesium, calcium and barium compounds (which act as network modifiers) to reduce expansion has been fully investigated.
1971 Materials & Technol. II. vi. 335 Aluminium, when in tetrahedral coordination..is undoubtedly a network former, and when in octahedral configuration it is a network modifier.
1990 Jrnl. Petrol. 31 1280 The alkali/alumina ratio approaches unity.., implying that all Na and K are used to charge-balance tetrahedral Al and thus cannot serve as network modifiers.
network-modifying adj. (of an ion) that can act as a network modifier.
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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [adjective] > by properties
pyrophoric1788
pyrophorous1800
optical1947
network-forming1950
network-modifying1950
1950 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. V. 732 The ‘holes’ between these tetrahedral groups are considered to be occupied by the network-modifying ions.
1996 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60 3264/1 The results..reveal that oxidation of the glass occurs..by the diffusive removal of network-modifying cations.
network structure n. Metallurgy the structure of an alloy in which one component forms a continuous network around the grains of the other component.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > [noun] > alloy structure
network structure1923
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > type of structure
network structure1923
1923 E. A. Atkins Electric Arc & Oxy-acetylene Welding xv. 174 The black areas of pearlite have considerably increased, the white areas of iron, or ferrite as it is called, now being reduced to a network structure.
1940 E. J. Teichert Ferrous Metall. III. xiv. 317 Slow cooling will induce the Widmanstatten and rapid cooling will promote the network structure.
1996 Applied Surface Sci. 94–5 398 In all these systems, the ferrite phase decomposes upon ageing to form an ultrafine-scale interconnected network structure of an iron-rich α phase and a chromium-enriched α′ phase.
network theorem n. any of various theorems about the currents and voltages in an electrical network that can be used to determine their values in any particular case.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > [noun] > network > theorem about network
network theorem1930
1930 C. Dannatt & J. W. Dalgleish Electr. Power Transmission vii. 220 (heading) Network theorems.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) IX. 75/2 In the solution of specific problems, much time can often be saved by making use of special methods or relations, known as network theorems.
1986 SIAM Jrnl. Appl. Math. 46 1147 The method proposed herein exploits some electrical network theorems to contract the nodal analysis down to the grid within and on SJ.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
networkv.
/ˈnɛtwəːk/, U.S. /ˈnɛtˌwərk/ 1. transitive. To cover (something) with a network.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > [verb (transitive)] > cover with network of routes
network1845
arterialize1863
1845 R. Browning Dramatic Romances & Lyrics 5/2 Your long hot dry Autumn Had net-worked with brown The white skin of each grape on the bunches.
1887 Courier-Jrnl. (Louisville, Kentucky) 24 Jan. 8/1 It is only a question of time when railroads will net-work the Pan-handle.
1914 A. C. McLaughlin & A. B. Hart Cycl. Amer. Govt. III. 139/1 Whole regions are networked, and one can go by trolley car from the Atlantic to the Middle West.
1928 E. Wright Great Horn Spoon xviii. 217 Gourds and several varieties of squashes networked the compound with their vines.
1986 Times 20 Sept. 9/6 The regional non-residential courses which now network England.
2. transitive. Broadcasting. To broadcast simultaneously over a network of radio or television stations.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > [verb (transitive)] > systems or methods
pipe1931
rediffuse1940
simulcast1948
network1952
1952 Sun (Baltimore) 12 Feb. 14/3 Matthews beat Murphy in a bout networked out of Madison Square Garden.
1957 Times 28 Aug. (Radio & Television Suppl.) p. iii/3 This practice of networking the major items will continue.
1968 Times 13 Nov. 1 (advt.) Early in 1969 Thames Television are networking twelve one hour documentaries about one man.
1984 C. Coughlin in Daily Tel. 12 Apr. 19/1 The film is due to be screened on Channel Four this Sunday and ITV executives were yesterday considering whether it should be networked again later this month.
3. intransitive. Originally U.S. To engage in social or professional ‘networking’ (see networking n. 4).
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society > communication > [verb (intransitive)]
communique?1473
communicate1598
correspond1605
talk1705
connect1750
to get across1913
liaise1928
network1980
1980 M. S. Welch Networking 3 This book will show you how to network.
1982 Working Woman June 84 (caption) Recreational activities offer time to network with colleagues.
1983 Washington Post 20 Apr. b7/2 If you've networked with people when you were doing a film, you have a natural interest in seeing their reaction to the film.
1984 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) 27 Jan. (Business News Suppl.) 8/7 Most female executives need to network with men more than women.
1988 Times 25 Mar. 21/1 She wanted publicity for her charity and seized the opportunity to network.
4. transitive. Computing. To link (computers) together to allow the sharing of data, interactive operation, and efficient utilization of resources; to incorporate into a computer network.
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society > computing and information technology > network > [verb (transitive)]
network1982
1982 Which Computer? June 64/1 16-bit systems..capable of supporting up to 16 processors which can be networked together to allow up to 256 simultaneous users.
1983 Austral. Microcomputer Mag. Sept. 51/1 Personal computers will be heavily networked.
1985 Personal Computer World Feb. 5 (advt.) We specialise in networking your IBM PC's and Apricots together using manufacturers' related products.
1992 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 Dec. 12/2 The exercise only begins to become cost-effective when a disk is networked to several library computers.
Derivatives
ˈnetworked adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > network > [adjective]
networked1962
meshed1979
society > communication > broadcasting > [adjective] > systems or methods
syndicated1693
wired1893
rediffused1931
piped1937
piped-in1951
networked1962
satellite-to-home1965
1962 Rep. Comm. Broadcasting 1960 159 in Parl. Papers 1961–2 (Cmnd. 1753) X. 259 They must..use an old recorded networked programme.
1974 Telecommunications 8 37/2 The markets for both stand-alone computers and networked computers will grow.
1982 Financial Times 18 Jan. (Survey: Computers) p. ix/4 The future trend in computing is towards networked systems, which will link together a wide variety of information-processing equipment.
1983 Listener 2 June 30/2 Some potentially popular American imports do not get full networked screening from ITV.
1991 Introd. to Postgrad. Studies, University of Ulster (BNC) 10 Students can address networked printers, plotters, laserprinters and micro subnets from whatever campus they are resident on.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1530
v.1845