neutralityn.

Brit.

/njuːˈtralᵻti/, U.S.

/n(j)uˈtrælədi/

Forms: late Middle English naturalite (transmission error), late Middle English neutralyte, late Middle English–1500s neutralite, 1500s newtralytie, 1500s–1600s neutralitie, 1500s–1600s newtralitie, 1500s– neutrality, 1600s neutralitee, 1600s newtrallitie, 1600s–1700s newtrality.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French neutralité; Latin neutralitas.

Etymology: < Middle French, French neutralité the state of not being on any side (end of the 14th cent.), the attitude of a political power which does not participate in hostilities between two other powers (c1500), the fact or state of being chemically neutral (1789) and its etymon post-classical Latin neutralitat-, neutralitas intermediate state or condition (from 12th cent. in British sources), political neutrality (from late 14th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin neutrālis neutral adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare early modern German neutralitet (1439; German Neutralität). Compare also Spanish neutralidad (1534), Italian neutralità (a1535).

1. An intermediate state or condition, not clearly one thing or another; a neutral position, middle ground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > condition of being mean or average > [noun] > mean

middlingOE

middlelOE

meanc1450

neutralityc1475

moyen1484

temper?1523

mediety1573

medium1593

temperature1598

temperament1604

intermedial1605

median1635

intermediate1650

average1737

middle term1754

mesne1821

intermediacy1836

intermediary1865

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [noun] > middle course > condition of

neutralityc1475

middleness1841

neutralness1973

c1475 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Rawl.) (1893) iv. 1991 (MED) Neutralite [c1450 Arun. 396 whom mente he heere in this pluralite But god, whiche ȝe syngulere confesse? Be-twyxe these too is noon naturalite].

1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. ☞^v A meruaylous newtralitie haue these thinges Mathematicall: and also a straunge participation betwene thinges supernaturall..and thynges naturall.

1611 J. Donne Anat. World sig. A6^v Physitians say that we At best, enioy but a neutralitee.

1743 H. Walpole Corr. (ed. 3) I. lx. 229 I wish I could make as long a letter for you, but we are in a neutrality of news.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto VI cxvii. 59 The trouble that they [sc. women] gave, their Immorality, Which made him daily bless his own Neutrality.

1843 J. Martineau Endeavours Christian Life I. xiv. 214 A striking neutrality of treatment.

1944 Amer. Speech 19 136 The ‘neutrality’ of e in Hungarian and Finnish is not phonetic but morphophonemic.

2000 J. Caughie Television Drama iv. 94 The director faced with a torrent of words can only retreat into the neutrality of the two- and three-shot where the camera..is emasculated.

†2. With the. The neutral party in any controversy, dispute, etc., esp. towns or states remaining neutral during a war. Also in plural. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > neutrality > [noun] > a neutral

neutralc1449

neutrality1480

neuter1555

by-liera1572

non-intervener1937

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxlix The threfold governance in the chirche, that is to wete, of Eugenye, of the counseyll, and of the neutralyte.

1599 J. Hayward 1st Pt. Henrie IIII 25 The Archbishop of Canterbury, and certaine others of the neutrality,..perswaded the king to come to a treaty with the lordes.

1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Compl. Hist. Warrs Flanders 384 Thinking that it was sufficient for them to reassecure their Neutralities which had been violated.

1711 London Gaz. No. 4933/1 The Troops of the Neutrality, that were in Silesia, are separated.

1781 W. Cowper Let. 5 Mar. (1979) I. 455 And as to the Neutralities, I really think the Russian virago an impertinent Puss for meddling with us.

1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon IV. xii. 353 The association of the Northern States in 1780, known by the name of the Armed Neutrality.

a. A neutral policy or attitude between contending parties or states; abstention from taking any part in a war between other states.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > neutrality > [noun]

neutralitya1513

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [noun] > absence of definite stance

neutralitya1513

neutralism1579

neutralizing1643

third place1757

non-committal1833

non-committalism1838

fence-ridinga1859

non-partisanship1875

middle of the road1891

fence-sitting1904

value freedom1959

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxxxvi Some Countres vphelde that one [pope], and some that other so that there were allowyd none of them both, and that was called the Newtralytie.

1571 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 88 Thinking be thair newtralitie and baklying to be welcum to quhatsumevir party beis victour.

1601 Ld. Mountjoy Let. in F. Moryson Itinerary (1617) ii. 143 No better then neutralitie is to be expected from those that are best affected.

1672 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 517 The ill answers this Court has received from Spain to their proposition of a neutrality.

1710 London Gaz. No. 4669/4 The Neutrality which is to be observed by the Northern Crowns.

1780 J. Adams Let. 2 May in F. Wharton Revol. Diplom. Corr. (1889) III. 646 The invitation of the Empress of Russia to accede to an armed neutrality.

1831 J. Sinclair Corr. II. 222 What..the country would prefer, is a war between France and England, and the advantages of a lucrative neutrality.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §6. 405 England set aside the balanced neutrality of Elizabeth.

1939 H. Nicolson Diary 4 May (1966) 401 They are not at all sure that Russia may not make a neutrality pact with Germany.

1987 USA Today 21 Oct. 6/7 Long-term U.S. interests will be served best by maintaining our neutrality in the Iran-Iraq war.

b. The state or condition of not being on any side; absence of decided views, feeling, or expression; indifference; impartiality, dispassionateness.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > indifference > [noun]

carelessness1561

neutrality1561

indifferency1608

perfunctoriness1626

indifference1660

unconcernment1660

slightiness1662

unconcernedness1675

nonchalance1678

upsitting1680

equilibrium1685

inconcernedness1688

unconcernness1700

unconcern1711

indifferentness1727

Laodiceanism1774

facility1791

insouciance1799

aloofness1817

don't-carishness1821

pococurantism1823

don't-careism1834

don't-care-a-damnativeness1841

nonchalantness1878

casualness1882

disinterest1889

noncurance1904

uncaringness1930

1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips xx. 127 The lothsomes whiche God conceaueth of this newtralitie or warmnes.

1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill A 2 Those Readers that can iudge of the truth of a historie and the newtrallitie of the writer.

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing iii. 19 The gray heads of reverend Antiquity have been content to sit down here in a profest neutrality.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 89. ⁋9 That no part of life be spent in a state of neutrality or indifference.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xlvii. 573 On a subject which engrossed the thoughts..of men, it was difficult to preserve an exact neutrality.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch II. iii. xxiii. 21 [He] looked before him with as complete a neutrality as if he had been a portrait by a great master.

1983 G. Harris Seventh Gate i. II. The very neutrality of the Galkian's tone betrayed his feelings.

c. The neutral character of a place, esp. during a war.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > neutrality > [noun] > of a place

neutrality1745

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 297 Why the Neutrality of their Ports should be violated.

1808 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) IV. 205 The Russian Admiral..would claim the neutrality of the port of Lisbon.

1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log II. viii. 352 He will never venture to infract the neutrality of the waters surely.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 339/1 The general Act [of the Berlin Conference] dealt with six specific subjects: (1) freedom of trade in the basin of the Congo, (2) the slave trade, (3) neutrality of territories in the basin of the Congo, [etc.].

†4. Grammar. The fact of being of the neuter gender. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > gender > [noun] > neuter word or form > quality or condition of

neutrality1659

neutralness1865

neuterness1899

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed ii. 271 The plurality of the verb, and the neutrality of the noun, with the distinction of their persons, speak a perfect identity of their essence.

1883 J. S. Stallybrass tr. J. Grimm Teutonic Mythol. II. 883 Out of the Goth. faírguni's neutrality [Ger. Unbestimmtheit] unfolded themselves both a male Fiörgynn and a female Fiörgyn.

5. Chemistry. The fact or state of being chemically or electrically neutral.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical properties > [noun] > neutrality

neutrality1770

1770 L. Carter Diary 13 Feb. (1965) I. 355 From experience I know them to be so predominately acid as in no sense to agree with the ideas of neutrality.

1815 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 105 242 Notwithstanding the evident excess of magnesia existing in one solution, and the evident neutrality of the other, yet the filtered liquor was found strongly to redden litmus paper.

1836 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 126 433 If the disproportion of the respective charges be very great, then not only could all the free electricity of one of them..be actually reduced to a state of neutrality, but a further induction may arise.

1882 Longman's Mag. 1 36 Its behaviour..approaches that of elementary bodies. May it not help to explain their neutrality?

1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. xii. 121 The reaction of the cell-sap of most plants is on the acid side of neutrality.

1964 G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. xi. 293 When the pH is brought back to neutrality the α and β pairs reassociate into the four-unit molecule.

1991 D. T. Sawyer Oxygen Chem. iii. 53 The fundamental axiom of the valence-bond theory is that elemental atoms that are connected by covalent bonds are as close to electrical neutrality as is consistent with their respective electronegativities.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	neutrality
释义	neutralityn. Brit. /njuːˈtralᵻti/, U.S. /n(j)uˈtrælədi/ Forms: late Middle English naturalite (transmission error), late Middle English neutralyte, late Middle English–1500s neutralite, 1500s newtralytie, 1500s–1600s neutralitie, 1500s–1600s newtralitie, 1500s– neutrality, 1600s neutralitee, 1600s newtrallitie, 1600s–1700s newtrality. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French neutralité; Latin neutralitas. Etymology: < Middle French, French neutralité the state of not being on any side (end of the 14th cent.), the attitude of a political power which does not participate in hostilities between two other powers (c1500), the fact or state of being chemically neutral (1789) and its etymon post-classical Latin neutralitat-, neutralitas intermediate state or condition (from 12th cent. in British sources), political neutrality (from late 14th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin neutrālis neutral adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare early modern German neutralitet (1439; German Neutralität). Compare also Spanish neutralidad (1534), Italian neutralità (a1535). 1. An intermediate state or condition, not clearly one thing or another; a neutral position, middle ground. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > condition of being mean or average > [noun] > mean middlingOE middlelOE meanc1450 neutralityc1475 moyen1484 temper?1523 mediety1573 medium1593 temperature1598 temperament1604 intermedial1605 median1635 intermediate1650 average1737 middle term1754 mesne1821 intermediacy1836 intermediary1865 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [noun] > middle course > condition of neutralityc1475 middleness1841 neutralness1973 c1475 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Rawl.) (1893) iv. 1991 (MED) Neutralite [c1450 Arun. 396 whom mente he heere in this pluralite But god, whiche ȝe syngulere confesse? Be-twyxe these too is noon naturalite]. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. ☞^v A meruaylous newtralitie haue these thinges Mathematicall: and also a straunge participation betwene thinges supernaturall..and thynges naturall. 1611 J. Donne Anat. World sig. A6^v Physitians say that we At best, enioy but a neutralitee. 1743 H. Walpole Corr. (ed. 3) I. lx. 229 I wish I could make as long a letter for you, but we are in a neutrality of news. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto VI cxvii. 59 The trouble that they [sc. women] gave, their Immorality, Which made him daily bless his own Neutrality. 1843 J. Martineau Endeavours Christian Life I. xiv. 214 A striking neutrality of treatment. 1944 Amer. Speech 19 136 The ‘neutrality’ of e in Hungarian and Finnish is not phonetic but morphophonemic. 2000 J. Caughie Television Drama iv. 94 The director faced with a torrent of words can only retreat into the neutrality of the two- and three-shot where the camera..is emasculated. †2. With the. The neutral party in any controversy, dispute, etc., esp. towns or states remaining neutral during a war. Also in plural. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > neutrality > [noun] > a neutral neutralc1449 neutrality1480 neuter1555 by-liera1572 non-intervener1937 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxlix The threfold governance in the chirche, that is to wete, of Eugenye, of the counseyll, and of the neutralyte. 1599 J. Hayward 1st Pt. Henrie IIII 25 The Archbishop of Canterbury, and certaine others of the neutrality,..perswaded the king to come to a treaty with the lordes. 1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Compl. Hist. Warrs Flanders 384 Thinking that it was sufficient for them to reassecure their Neutralities which had been violated. 1711 London Gaz. No. 4933/1 The Troops of the Neutrality, that were in Silesia, are separated. 1781 W. Cowper Let. 5 Mar. (1979) I. 455 And as to the Neutralities, I really think the Russian virago an impertinent Puss for meddling with us. 1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon IV. xii. 353 The association of the Northern States in 1780, known by the name of the Armed Neutrality. 3. a. A neutral policy or attitude between contending parties or states; abstention from taking any part in a war between other states. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > neutrality > [noun] neutralitya1513 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [noun] > absence of definite stance neutralitya1513 neutralism1579 neutralizing1643 third place1757 non-committal1833 non-committalism1838 fence-ridinga1859 non-partisanship1875 middle of the road1891 fence-sitting1904 value freedom1959 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxxxvi Some Countres vphelde that one [pope], and some that other so that there were allowyd none of them both, and that was called the Newtralytie. 1571 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 88 Thinking be thair newtralitie and baklying to be welcum to quhatsumevir party beis victour. 1601 Ld. Mountjoy Let. in F. Moryson Itinerary (1617) ii. 143 No better then neutralitie is to be expected from those that are best affected. 1672 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 517 The ill answers this Court has received from Spain to their proposition of a neutrality. 1710 London Gaz. No. 4669/4 The Neutrality which is to be observed by the Northern Crowns. 1780 J. Adams Let. 2 May in F. Wharton Revol. Diplom. Corr. (1889) III. 646 The invitation of the Empress of Russia to accede to an armed neutrality. 1831 J. Sinclair Corr. II. 222 What..the country would prefer, is a war between France and England, and the advantages of a lucrative neutrality. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §6. 405 England set aside the balanced neutrality of Elizabeth. 1939 H. Nicolson Diary 4 May (1966) 401 They are not at all sure that Russia may not make a neutrality pact with Germany. 1987 USA Today 21 Oct. 6/7 Long-term U.S. interests will be served best by maintaining our neutrality in the Iran-Iraq war. b. The state or condition of not being on any side; absence of decided views, feeling, or expression; indifference; impartiality, dispassionateness. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > indifference > [noun] carelessness1561 neutrality1561 indifferency1608 perfunctoriness1626 indifference1660 unconcernment1660 slightiness1662 unconcernedness1675 nonchalance1678 upsitting1680 equilibrium1685 inconcernedness1688 unconcernness1700 unconcern1711 indifferentness1727 Laodiceanism1774 facility1791 insouciance1799 aloofness1817 don't-carishness1821 pococurantism1823 don't-careism1834 don't-care-a-damnativeness1841 nonchalantness1878 casualness1882 disinterest1889 noncurance1904 uncaringness1930 1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips xx. 127 The lothsomes whiche God conceaueth of this newtralitie or warmnes. 1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill A 2 Those Readers that can iudge of the truth of a historie and the newtrallitie of the writer. 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing iii. 19 The gray heads of reverend Antiquity have been content to sit down here in a profest neutrality. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 89. ⁋9 That no part of life be spent in a state of neutrality or indifference. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xlvii. 573 On a subject which engrossed the thoughts..of men, it was difficult to preserve an exact neutrality. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch II. iii. xxiii. 21 [He] looked before him with as complete a neutrality as if he had been a portrait by a great master. 1983 G. Harris Seventh Gate i. II. The very neutrality of the Galkian's tone betrayed his feelings. c. The neutral character of a place, esp. during a war. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > neutrality > [noun] > of a place neutrality1745 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 297 Why the Neutrality of their Ports should be violated. 1808 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) IV. 205 The Russian Admiral..would claim the neutrality of the port of Lisbon. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log II. viii. 352 He will never venture to infract the neutrality of the waters surely. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 339/1 The general Act [of the Berlin Conference] dealt with six specific subjects: (1) freedom of trade in the basin of the Congo, (2) the slave trade, (3) neutrality of territories in the basin of the Congo, [etc.]. †4. Grammar. The fact of being of the neuter gender. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > gender > [noun] > neuter word or form > quality or condition of neutrality1659 neutralness1865 neuterness1899 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed ii. 271 The plurality of the verb, and the neutrality of the noun, with the distinction of their persons, speak a perfect identity of their essence. 1883 J. S. Stallybrass tr. J. Grimm Teutonic Mythol. II. 883 Out of the Goth. faírguni's neutrality [Ger. Unbestimmtheit] unfolded themselves both a male Fiörgynn and a female Fiörgyn. 5. Chemistry. The fact or state of being chemically or electrically neutral. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical properties > [noun] > neutrality neutrality1770 1770 L. Carter Diary 13 Feb. (1965) I. 355 From experience I know them to be so predominately acid as in no sense to agree with the ideas of neutrality. 1815 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 105 242 Notwithstanding the evident excess of magnesia existing in one solution, and the evident neutrality of the other, yet the filtered liquor was found strongly to redden litmus paper. 1836 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 126 433 If the disproportion of the respective charges be very great, then not only could all the free electricity of one of them..be actually reduced to a state of neutrality, but a further induction may arise. 1882 Longman's Mag. 1 36 Its behaviour..approaches that of elementary bodies. May it not help to explain their neutrality? 1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. xii. 121 The reaction of the cell-sap of most plants is on the acid side of neutrality. 1964 G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. xi. 293 When the pH is brought back to neutrality the α and β pairs reassociate into the four-unit molecule. 1991 D. T. Sawyer Oxygen Chem. iii. 53 The fundamental axiom of the valence-bond theory is that elemental atoms that are connected by covalent bonds are as close to electrical neutrality as is consistent with their respective electronegativities. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1475
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