naturallyadv.
/ˈnatʃ(ə)rəli/, /ˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩i/, U.S. /ˈnætʃ(ə)rəli/ I. By nature.
1. By, in accordance with, or in respect of the natural constitution, character, or condition of a physical entity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [adverb] > innately or naturally
i-cundelyeOE
through kindc1225
proprementc1230
kindlya1250
naturallyc1275
kinda1325
by kindc1325
of kindc1325
in kind1340
properly1340
voluntarily1562
natively1590
alliably1593
physically1629
innately1632
natural1793
congenitally1862
connately1884
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [adverb]
naturally1526
complexionably1643
affectively1649
complexionally1715
temperamentally1861
c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 217 Water is natureliche schald and a kelþ alle þo þet hit drinkeþ... Wyn..is naturel liche hot ine him selue and an het alle þo þet hit drinked.
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 306 (MED) Þe tendirnesse..and loue þat naturaly is bytwene þe body and þe soule maketh deeþ to appere þe hardir.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 2071 (MED) Naturelly blod wil ay of kynde Draw vn-to blod.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 95 All thing is enclynit to..conserue his lang lesting and enduring naturaly.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 2 Pet. ii. 12 As brute beastes naturally made to be taken and destroyed.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccvij The chiefest castell..is situated..vpon an hyghe hyll, naturally strong.
1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 5 High grounds are not naturally fat.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. x. 201 That Jews stinck naturally,..is a received opinion. View more context for this quotation
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 155. ⁋4 A Woman is naturally more helpless than the other Sex.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xix. 200 We have all naturally an equal right to the throne.
1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul i. iv. 122 It is naturally fertile, and well watered.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. vii. 112 Her face, naturally pale as marble.
1895 Times 20 Dec. 13/1 The Kea of New Zealand..a mountain parrot naturally frugivorous, which has developed a fatal taste for mutton.
1949 ‘G. Orwell’ Nineteen Eighty-four i. i. 6 His hair was very fair, his face naturally sanguine.
1981 L. R. Banks Writing on Wall xxiii. 183 She'd been crying too, unless her eyes were red and watery naturally.
1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 167/2 Stars would, in fact, naturally generate a ratio of order 109.
2. With reference to a person, or occasionally an animal: by natural, innate, or inherent instinct, impulse, feeling, or tendency.
a. Modifying a verb.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > intuition > natural impulse, instinct > [adverb]
naturallyc1390
naturallyc1395
instinctivelya1616
voluntarily1700
instinctive1716
off the wall1966
c1390 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 298 O firste moeuyng cruel firmament..that..hurlest al from est til occident, That naturally [v.r. nature ellese] wolde holde another way.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 2855 (MED) Proud & surquedous..Lik a tiraunt natureli disposed Texecute vengaunce.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 128 (MED) Manis corage is so noble, þat naturally he aspirith to high thinges.
c1475 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1913) 130 311 (MED) The larke also full naturally Crystes ascension in humanyte Comendyd with song.
a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. Prol. 4 Naturally... Mater walde furme haf wyth delyte.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 105 Every man naturally ys gyven to folow plesure, quyetnes & ease.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. vv He whiche is a Germain him selfe wil naturally for the countrie sake..be helpfull to an other Germaine.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 212 All of us naturally are too much in love with our owne workes.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xvii. 85 Men, (who naturally love Liberty, and Dominion over others).
1711 E. Budgell Spectator No. 77. ⁋1 I have naturally an Aversion to much Speaking.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xix. 201 I naturally hate the face of a tyrant.
1803 J. Foster Let. 18 Mar. in Life & Corr. J. Foster (1846) I. 246 The sympathy which we naturally feel for our kind.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy III. viii. 244 Nor was there the least tincture of that vulgarity, which we naturally attach to the Lowland Scottish.
1876 L. Stephen Hist. Eng. Thought 18th Cent. II. xii. viii. 448 An antiquarian is naturally a conservative.
1912 Anthropol. Papers Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. IX. 226 Berdaches naturally associate with girls and pretend to have sweethearts among men.
1938 E. Bowen Death of Heart i. vii. 125 He hoped, by taking Thomas's cigarette, by being a little further in debt to him, to feel more naturally to him, as man to man.
1973 I. Murdoch Black Prince ii. 42 I had produced it out of some sort of immediate need for self-expression..such as I have explained that I naturally indulge in as a letter-writer.
b. Modifying an adjective or participle denoting a personal quality or characteristic.
ΚΠ
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. i. sig. Av Men naturally inclined to idelnes, or sensuall appetite.
1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) v. iv, in Wks. I. 241 A most particular man,..and of as hard'ned, and excellent a barke, as the most naturally-qualified amongst them.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 90 They are naturally inclined to singing.
a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1690) Pref. sig. a3b That many are naturally querulous and envious, is an Evil as old as the World.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iv. ix. 138 A People so well united, naturally disposed to every Virtue, wholly governed by Reason.
1751 Earl of Orrery Remarks Swift (1752) 145 His voice in common conversation was so naturally musical, that I remember honest Tom Southerne used always to call him [sc. Pope] The little nightingale.
1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II II. xxi. 250 Philip was not naturally either bold or rash.
1873 ‘Josiah Allen's Wife' My Opinions & Betsy Bobbet's 289 I am naturally pretty offish and retirin' in my ways with strange men folks.
1877 E. R. Conder Basis of Faith i. 16 If a youth learn to sing and play easily and with pleasure,..we say he is naturally musical.
1881 H. James Portrait of Lady I. v. 44 His outward conformity..on which nothing long imposed itself, and which, naturally inclined to jocosity and irony, indulged in a boundless liberty of appreciation.
1927 Dict. National Biogr. 1912–21 241/2 He had a fine eye for colour and was a naturally gifted painter in water-colours.
1975 E. Dunlop Robinsheugh xi. 84 Elizabeth..was perched on a stool by the window, sewing her sampler, an everlasting trial to fingers which seemed naturally hopeless with a needle.
1992 N.Y. Times 16 Aug. v. 25/3 For anyone traveling alone, or someone who is naturally gregarious, the cheery companionability of the other guests might have been fun.
2000 Guardian (Electronic ed.) 12 Sept. There are types of learners naturally disposed to one mode or other.
3. By natural endowment; by means of, or in virtue of, inherent knowledge or capacity; without special teaching or training. Now frequently in to come naturally to (a person): (of a skill, quality, etc.) to be innate rather than acquired; (of an activity, etc.) to be undertaken eagerly or involuntarily.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > [adverb] > by natural endowment
naturally?a1425
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > intuition > [adverb]
naturally?a1425
intuitively1608
noumenally1858
insensately1863
intuitionally1872
?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. pr. ii. 12 Every thing that may naturely usen resoun.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. 312/2 The grayhounde hath this knowledge naturallye, therfore take hym to you.
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Bjv Euery manne can geue a reason naturally and without arte.
a1633 Johnston Hist. Scotl. in A. J. Mill Mediaeval Plays in Scotl. (1927) 203 Ȝoung bairnesrep..quhair euerie ane schew thair selffes and naturallie in Latyne.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 100 Some have no religion, yet they hold naturally the immortality of the soul.
1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 357 For Men have naturally the Notions of good and evil within them.
1710 London Gaz. No. 4764/4 [A horse] sets Head and Tail naturally well.
1849 H. D. Thoreau Week Concord & Merrimack Rivers 142 Many expressions in the New Testament come naturally to the lips of all protestants.
1878 Scribner's Monthly 15 112/2 Statesmanship came so naturally to him.
1889 C. E. L. Riddell Princess Sunshine I. v. 87 It came naturally to him to bear and forbear.
1927 T. McWilliam Around Fireside 68 It's nae that I'm the waur o' drink—it's jist that I'm naiterally steepid.
1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day i. 24 Poetry..remains the occupation which comes most naturally to me.
1985 B. Zephaniah Dread Affair 54 Here I scribe just doing what comes to me naturally.
4.
a. Spontaneously; by natural growth, in the natural habitat, etc.; without the aid of art or cultivation; (also) having the appearance of being spontaneous or without artifice.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [adverb] > naturally or spontaneously
naturallyc1485
natively1672
spontaneously1700
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxxi. 106 Othir wateris ar naturaly engendred vnder erde.
1563 T. Hill Arte Gardening (1593) 6 That ground..which naturally bringeth forth of his own accord, both elms and wilde young springs.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 98 A Collar or Chaine naturally wrought like to Sinople or Uermelon.
1584 A. Barlowe in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 731 They haue also Beanes very faire, of diuers colours, and wonderfull plentie: some growing naturally, and some in their gardens, and so haue they both wheat and oates.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 45 The crown of his head was in his latter dayes somthing bald, as the forepart naturally curled.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Somerset 18 I have placed Woad..in this County, because (as I am informed) it groweth naturally therein.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 201 There is naturally upon a Marble Stone, a figure in red Colour of a Virgin on her Knees.
1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical 10 The Caprichio came Naturally into my Pericranium.
1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 92 Where Elephants are naturally placed, they are of great Use after they are tamed.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 581/1 Where it grows naturally is not known, but it is cultivated in Germany.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. vii. 113 Julia's hair curls naturally.
1861 Temple Bar 3 250 To make the artificial hair curl and set naturally to the head.
1901 G. W. James Indian Basketry vi. 83 Among the Snohomish Indians the white work is made of grasses that, when dry, are white naturally.
1977 W. Foley No Pipe Dreams for Father 20 Lydie also was no mean looker and she had the advantage of a crowning glory of naturally curly auburn hair.
1988 Which? July 323/3 After sponging, let them dry naturally, since direct heat can wrinkle and crack leather.
b. Of a manner of speaking or writing: without affectation, with ease.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [adverb]
naturally1557
natively1639
carelesslya1719
simply1770
unaffectedly1798
inartificially1826
naturistically1895
unselfconsciously1921
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [adverb] > in other specific style
naturally1557
licentiously1561
tragically1567
cosily1721
mock-heroically1846
naturalistically1864
declamatorily1898
1557 J. Cheke Let. 16 July in T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer (1561) (ad fin.) For then doth our tung naturallie and praisablie vtter her meaning, whan she bouroweth no counterfeitness of other tunges to attire her self withall, but vseth plainlie her own.
1828 T. De Quincey Elements Rhetoric in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 905/20 Men wrote..idiomatically, because they wrote naturally, and without affectation.
1840 H. Rogers Ess. (1874) II. v. 259 Some men talk as if to speak naturally were to speak like a natural.
1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. xxiii. 403 The Czar called his Empress so naturally by her dear homely title of wife.
1905 E. M. Forster Where Angels fear to Tread viii. 253 It did surprise him, however, that she should greet him naturally, with none of the sour self-consciousness of a person who had just risen from her knees.
1929 R. Hughes High Wind in Jamaica x. 277 But how can one speak naturally anything learnt by heart, Emily wondered?
1990 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Dec. 160/1 The Rushdie debate has reached a choke point where no one seems to be able to speak naturally.
c. Modifying a participial adjective: spontaneously; without human interference or artificial means; naturally aspirated adj. (of an internal combustion engine) having an unassisted air intake, not supercharged or turbocharged.
ΚΠ
1838 E. A. Poe Ligeia in Amer. Museum 1 26 I examined the contour of the lofty and pale forehead..then the raven-black, the glossy, the luxuriant and naturally-curling tresses.
1853 R. Hunt Man. Photogr. (ed. 3) xii. 176 The name of Heliochromes has been given to these naturally coloured photographs.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xviii. 155 Many naturally occurring minerals exhibit very perfect crystalline forms.
1929 R. A. Gortner Outl. Biochem. xxi. 473 Naturally-occurring tartaric acid is the d form.
1951 L. E. H. Whitby & M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) xiv. 268 Naturally-acquired leprosy.
1955 Times 6 July 7/1 How long will it be before a naturally polled Ayrshire bull wins at the Royal Show?
1975 Times 30 May 16/5 A naturally produced fungicide effective against the ‘rust’ diseases.
1983 Truck & Bus Transportation Nov. 31/2 Caterpillar's 3208 engine in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged form.
1991 Sci. Amer. July 56A/2 (advt.) The naturally aspirated Alpha cranks out 102 ps/5500 rpm in gross power while the Garett turbo version delivers 129 ps/5500 rpm.
1996 Sunday Tel. 4 Feb. 16/1 It must pick up all the naturally-caused radio sounds as well, which engineers call ‘noise’ as opposed to ‘signal’.
II. As a natural consequence.
5. † b. Simply, easily. Obsolete. rare.† d. Regularly; as a matter of course. Obsolete. rare.
a. In accordance with, or by the operation of, natural laws or causes.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > [adverb] > by natural necessity
naturallyc1395
the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [adverb] > naturally or in accordance with nature
naturallyc1395
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adverb] > as a natural result or naturally
naturallyc1395
naturallyc1425
unenforcedlya1617
natively1671
natch1945
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > intuition > natural impulse, instinct > [adverb]
naturallyc1390
naturallyc1395
instinctivelya1616
voluntarily1700
instinctive1716
off the wall1966
c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1052 The see desireth naturelly To folwen hire as she that is goddesse Bothe in the see and ryuers moore and lesse.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 1676 (MED) Sche koude..Clipse þe mone and þe briȝt sonne, Or naturally þei hadde her cours y-ronne.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 218) 281 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 339 (MED) The bavme..Out of the rote doth naturally ascende.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 73 Sen naturaly thir vnresonable bestis has sik contrarietee amang thame.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxv. 112 Nature made the bodyes above,..That aboute the worlde naturallye do move.
1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke ii. i. 35 We perceive in all kindes of liuing creatures naturally a certaine familiaritie of male and female.
a1561 Q. Kennedy Breif Tracteit in 2 Eucharistic Tracts (1964) 142 In ane general counsal..quhare naturally and sufficientlye disput the heresy of Ecolampadius.
1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) A 3 As when good ground naturally brings forth thistles.
1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 385 The salt Limpha mixes naturally with the Blood.
1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 301 The muscular actions which take place naturally in the body may be divided into two classes.
1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 305 The changes which are naturally wrought by time.
1931 G. Jacob Orchestral Technique vii. 70 The cymbals are to be allowed to vibrate freely—to ring on until their vibration dies away naturally.
1974 O. Manning Rain Forest iii. iii. 272 The trees naturally crowd towards what light there is.
1991 Independent 5 Jan. 30/2 In layman's terms, a growth promoter is any substance that encourages animals to reach their optimum weight more quickly than they would do naturally.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > [adverb] > without effort or strain
kindlya1375
naturally?a1425
unforcedly1632
readily1638
handily1834
hands down1853
effortlessly1865
strainlessly1927
comfortably1932
?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 126v (MED) Þe pacient maie not bowe þe member naturellie as he was wunte to done.
1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions c A Childs force bringeth up..an incredible quantity of water..so naturally, that the work will not be heard even in the next Room.
c. As a natural result or consequence; as might be expected from the circumstances; inevitably. Also in weakened use (frequently as sentence adverb): = of course at course n. 35. Frequently as an emphatic affirmative reply.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adverb] > as a natural result or naturally
naturallyc1395
naturallyc1425
unenforcedlya1617
natively1671
natch1945
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > [adverb]
iwis?c1160
sickerlyc1175
wisc1175
wislyc1200
i-witterlic1275
sickerc1275
certc1300
hardilyc1300
hardlya1325
certain1330
tristilya1350
certainlya1375
redelya1375
redilya1375
surelyc1380
hand in handa1382
righta1393
assuredlya1400
surea1400
naturallyc1425
in certc1440
ascertainly1477
soverly1513
perqueer1568
really1604
assurelya1626
just1687
pos1710
besure1743
verdad1928
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 6832 (MED) Naturelly no man schal desyre Of his enmye þe helthe nor welfare.
1432 in Paston Lett. (1904) II. 36 The King is growen in yeers, in stature of his persone, and also in conceite and knouleche of his hiegh and royalle auctoritee..the whiche naturelly causen him..more and more to grucche with chastising.
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 388 (MED) Þese meenys of preising and preier..schulde boþe purchace and naturali gendre and encrese þi loue.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 101 To gather that observation, or conclusion, which most naturally buddeth out of it.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 465. ¶2 Faith and Morality naturally produce each other.
1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 106 Poverty naturally begets dependance.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 5 Those eyes whose balls are blue are naturally the softest.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 182 His situation naturally developes in him..a peculiar class of abilities.
1884 W. Cudworth Dial. Sketches 34 A chap at's getten to be thirty year owd, an's nivver as mich as thout o' weddin', natterly feels in a muck-sweeat when he's browt faace to faace with that question.
1888 H. James in Scribner's Mag. Sept. 320/2 ‘Such a house as it is today!’ ‘Well, my dear, naturally.’
1901 R. De B. Trotter Galloway Gossip Eighty Years Ago 131 They naiterally dinna want tae use their ain folk.
1934 G. B. Shaw Too True to be Good ii. 76 And you mistook this great military genius for a half wit!!!.. Naturally. The symptoms are precisely the same.
1959 A. Christie Cat among Pigeons iii. 40 ‘If I ask you questions I shall expect answers.’... ‘Naturally.’
1973 I. Murdoch Black Prince i. 24 I said, ‘Naturally I won't mention this business to anyone.’
1983 J. Kosinski Being There vi. 95 When I took it upon myself to allude to Gardiner in my speech in Philadelphia, I naturally assumed that he was an established member of the Wall Street elite.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [adverb] > usually or customarily
i-wunelichec900
customlyc1386
familiarly1387
customably1395
customablea1400
accustomablyc1475
usually1477
naturally1526
wontedly1567
customarily1576
accustomarily1577
accustomedly1607
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [adverb] > according to rule or standard
formlyc1374
rulefully?c1400
rulilyc1443
rulely?a1450
orderly1465
regularly1502
naturally1526
ordinately1549
usually1573
orthodoxly1641
regular1704
standardly1913
1526 Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 401 No carpenter nor masson shall not have for his hyre..but ii.d. naturallie every daye, with meate and drincke.
e. U.S. regional (chiefly southern and western). Really, completely; actually, literally. Frequently in just naturally. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adverb]
in truthc1330
in faitha1375
in good faitha1393
in casea1398
in effectc1405
indeed1412
effectually1420
actually?a1425
really?a1425
of a truth1494
bottom1531
for a truth?1532
in fact1592
authentically1593
in esse1597
de facto1602
essentially1604
in nature1605
in point of fact1628
positively1649
in point of event1650
effectively1652
honestly1675
entally1691
reely1792
objectively1796
fairlyc1804
in actual fact1824
factually1852
naturally1858
transactionally1866
'smatter of fact1922
1858 T. D. English Mormons iii. v. 43 Jake. I've got a pa'r that jes naterally beats the wurruld. Hyde. I'd like to see the pair to beat a full. Jake. (Springing to his feet.) Thar they are! (Presents pistol at Sleigh and Hyde).
1871 Atlantic Monthly Nov. 571/2 Dern'd if you ain't just naturally ketched me at it!
1884 C. Lanier Poems 170 I caint see how to get out'n the muss, Except to jest nat'ally fail and bus'!
1896 J. C. Harris Sister Jane 169 Lord knows my heart jest natchully yearns arter that gal.
1903 Dial. Notes 2 322 They were nachully driven outen house and home.
1929 H. W. Odum in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 187 Boys jes' natchelly tired an' don't want to work no-how.
1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos xxii. 100 The rock scorpions cling to the edge Until they can't jes' nacherly stand it.
1968 in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (1996) III. 761/1 Naturally—used to mean ‘really’; e.g., ‘he naturally done that good’... Old-fashioned.
6. † a. In the natural course of things. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adverb] > as a natural result or naturally > in the natural course of life or death
naturally1474
1474 Rolls of Parl. VI. 100/1 To have and to hold..as yf the seid Countes were nowe naturally dede.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 30 §5 If he so longe hadde naturally lyved.
1589 Act 31 Eliz. c. 6 §1 As yf the saide person..then were naturallie deade.
a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) xii. vii. f. 468, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Natural(l)y At my birth I procedit nocht naturale fra my moderis wame.
1607 Statutes in M. H. Peacock Hist. Free Gram. School Wakefield (1892) 60 As tho he were naturallie deade.
b. to die naturally: to die from natural causes; to die through age or disease rather than by violence, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > manner of death > die in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > die naturally
to die naturally1554
to die a dry death1594
to die in one's beda1739
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour 5136 in Wks. (1931) I. 351 Thocht sum de Naturally, throuch aige, Fer mo deis raiffand in one raige.
1576 A. Fleming Panoplie Epist. 199 (margin) Tyrants..verie sildome or neuer are so blessed as to dye naturally.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 348 Widows, if their husbands died naturally, marry not again.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. iii. 108 She did not seem to die naturally.
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede III. v. xliii. 128 The little creature had died naturally, and then she had hidden it: babies were so liable to death.
1994 Man 29 227/2 The house, the vital unit of Vaqueiro society.., plays the critical role in relation to those who die naturally and those who commit suicide.
III. Physically.† 7. Carnally. Obsolete. rare.† 8. Physically, materially, as distinguished from supernaturally, spiritually, or metaphorically. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > [adverb]
lichamlyc900
fleshlyc1230
bodilyc1370
(to raise or rise) in flesh and fellc1375
after the fleshc1384
outwardc1390
in flesh and bonea1400
naturally1439
corporally1483
corporate1495
corporatelya1513
animally1535
carnally1539
in flesh and blood1598
physicallyc1600
fleshlily1614
body-wise1620
all over1633
in (the) flesh1651
corporeally1664
body-like1674
somatically1847
bodily-wise1869
1439 in Coll. Hist. Staffs. (1904) New Ser. VII. 50 (MED) If so be yt ye sayde Thomassyne..dye before that the forsayde Phelype comyn naturelly with hyr..then the sayde Phelype shall wedde another doghter of the sayde Raufe.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope vi. iv Thow arte an inceste & lechour For thow knowest naturelly both thy moder and thy doughter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [adverb]
fleshlyc1175
temporallyc1380
materiallya1398
naturallya1513
carnally1527
physically1583
grossly1585
worldwarda1617
terrenelya1638
elementarily1643
crassly1664
tangibly1847
incarnately1856
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxiii. f. li The Quene..brought in hir armes the yonge Baby, to the which she was moder bothe naturally, and spiritually.
?1548 in tr. J. Calvin Faythfvl Treat. Sacrament Pref. sig. Aiiiv The great blyndnesse of them that knowyng..the immensurable nature of God, would haue hym reallye and naturallye conteyned in so small a thynge.
1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 220 The wine is yt which was shed out of his side, yt is sacramentally, but not naturally.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lv. 117 In that hee is naturallie man hee himselfe is created of God.
9. In a realistic or lifelike manner.
ΚΠ
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 65 He doth not expresse the matter liuely and naturally with common speach,..but it is caried and driuen forth artificiallie.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads ii. 18 His forme, did passing naturally Resemble Nestor.
1667 J. Dryden Let. to Sir R. Howard in Annus Mirabilis 1666 Pref. He describes his Dido well and naturally, in the violence of her passions.
1855 Knickerbocker 46 217 Observe how naturally the ‘courtin’-room and its accessories are described.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues III. 226 The character of Antiphon..is very naturally described.
1987 Representations Winter 71 The cadaver itself is striking in that..it is opened and naturally depicted.
IV. By birth.† 11.
10. † a. With respect to the relationship between particular people: by filial descent; by or of natural generation or procreation. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adverb] > by blood-relationship
naturally?a1475
consanguineously1886
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 30 (MED) Sonys ȝe arn, to spekyn naturaly, The ffirstffrute [sic] of kendely engendrure.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 695 He was lineally descended, and naturally procreated of the noble stocke and familie of Lancaster.
1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 31 So man begetteth man naturallie.
1786 J. Erskine Hist. Redemption (1812) 90 He was both Legally and Naturally descended from David.
1844 B. Thorpe tr. Ælfric Homilies I. 259 God, the Father Almighty, has one Son naturally, and many adoptively.
b. Hereditarily; by means of the hereditary descent of property, a privilege, a trait, etc. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [adverb] > by inheritance
hereditably1495
inheritably1561
naturally1561
hereditarily1595
patrimonially1641
1561 Criminal Trials I. i. 415 [He] is subdewit to ane malancolious hvmour, naturalie descendand from his progenitouris.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. ii. 114 The cold blood he did naturally inherite of his father. View more context for this quotation
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem ii. f. 81 Heretage perteining to ane man, quha is deceased, naturallie descends.
1680 M. Stevenson Wits Paraphras'd 22 Of all thy Fathers acts and merits, Which thou so naturally inherits, Like him thou hast one good condition, The gift of lying by commission.
1855 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes II. xxix. 268 I hoped that my son..might have been found qualified to contest this borough against his unworthy cousin... The wealth I have had the good fortune to amass will descend to him naturally.
1864 A. Trollope Can you forgive Her? II. xvi. 122 As regarded the property to which he was naturally the heir, if any act of hers could give it to him, that act would be done.
1886 T. Hardy Woodlanders xiv, in Macmillan's Mag. Aug. 301 Having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order.
1965 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 26 584 Hereditary monarchy was absurd because authority was not to be naturally inherited.
a. naturally born adj. born so as to be a subject. Cf. native-born adj., natural-born adj. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native people > [adjective]
inbornc1000
theodiscc1000
i-cundeOE
landisha1300
kindc1325
denizen1483
kindly born1483
native1488
naturally born1523
naturala1533
home-bred?1560
natural1574
home-born1577
homeling1577
natural-born1583
land-born1589
self-bred1590
self-born1597
indigene1598
land-breda1599
vernaculous1606
kindly1609
inbred1625
terrigenist1631
native-born1645
indigenous1646
indigenary1651
indigenital1656
aboriginal1698
own-born1699
indigenal1725
homegrown1737
terrigenous1769
indigenate1775
1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 4 §1 Persons being the kinges subiectes naturally borne within this his realme.
1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 25 All other lawfull thinges..to do as liberally, frankelie, lawfully..as if they..had been naturally borne within this realme.
1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Comm. Notable Thinges in tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 383 A man naturally borne in this kingdome.
b. By or in respect of birthplace or nationality. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native people > [adjective] > belonging to or used by
naturallya1533
natively1590
native1779
home-brewed1802
indigenous1846
desi1885
a1533 Ld. Berners in tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) i. i. sig. Aivv This excellent baron was naturally of Rome borne in the mounte Celie.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 76 About whom there runne fortie Peichi (so called in that they are naturally Persians).
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adv.c1275- to come, etc, off one's high horse
- to come, fall to scanning
- to come, fall under, lie in one's cap
- to come, gang, go, ride a, the, his, her, etc gate
- to come, get loose
- to come, go, etc by the board
- to comfort the cockles of a person's a person's cockles
- to comfort the cockles of a person's heart
- to command
- to command a suit of cards
- to command from
- to command to armour
- to command to be commanded
- to command to god
- to commence a suit
- to commence an action
- to commence ma
- to commence proceedings
- to commence to, into
- to commend
- to commend to be
- to comment out
- to commit a fault
- to commit a nuisance
- to do one's diligence