naturalizev.
/ˈnatʃ(ə)rəlʌɪz/, /ˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩ʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈnætʃ(ə)rəˌlaɪz/ I. To make native.
1. † b. transitive. With into, to. Chiefly figurative. Obsolete.
a. transitive. Originally Scottish. To admit (a foreigner or immigrant) to the position and rights of citizenship; to invest with the privileges of a native-born subject. Frequently in passive †Occasionally intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > national of a country > [verb (transitive)] > adopt or naturalize
naturalize1559
denize1577
denizen1577
free-denize1577
matriculate1579
denizate1604
free-denizen1609
nationalize1809
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > types of inhabitant [verb (transitive)] > give status or rights of native
naturalize1559
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [verb (transitive)] > admit to citizen's rights > naturalize
naturalize1559
endenizen1592
endenize1598
citizenize1798
nationalize1809
1559 in J. Knox Hist. Ref. in Wks. (1846) I. 440 Frenche men could nott be justlie called strangearis, seeing that thei war naturalized.
1587 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) III. 508/2 His maiestie grantis to thame [sc. Flemish craftsmen] the..priuilege of naturalizatioun..and that thair lauchfull barnis sall brouke the saidis priuilegis as gif thay wer naturalizat or borne Scottismen.
c1600 in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 143 Na stranger nor alien, without he be naturalizat be the King..may bruik any benefice [etc.]..within this realme.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 177 They haue not had that vsage, to Naturalize liberally.
1667 T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. 64 By their naturalizing Men of all Countries, they have laid the beginnings of many great advantages.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 13. ⁋2 All the French Refugees in those dominions [sc. Holland] are to be naturalized.
1753 Scots Mag. June 269/1 The King..had a power to naturalize any foreigner.
1775 in F. Chase Hist. Dartmouth Coll. (1891) I. 332 Mr. Dean..was early naturalized among the Indians, well understands their customs.
1792 J. Barlow Let. on Constit. of 1791 37 Many of your citizens have been naturalized.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. i. 9 We, by act of Assembly, ‘naturalise’ the chief Foreign Friends of Humanity.
1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland xvii. 390 Many..Flemings had no sooner settled..and become naturalised, than they..assumed English [names].
1891 J. Winsor Columbus xx. 479 She..naturalized his brother Diego to fit him for ecclesiastical preferment.
1916 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 223/2 If a Mongolian were permitted to be naturalized in the United States, he would be as much a Mongolian after naturalization as before.
1926 W. S. Dill Long Day 147 This particular story concerns a ‘white-washed American’, i.e. a native of Canada who had been naturalized in the United States and then secured repatriation in his own country.
1988 P. Gay Freud xii. 636 He wanted to seal his long-standing affection for England..by being naturalized as a British subject.
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1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London vii. sig. G1 Remember..that your Seruants are your adopted Children, they are naturalized into your bloud.
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1959) IV. 92 Persons..not naturaliz'd by Conversion..from another Religion to this.
1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 107 Whose Credit..lewred Strangers out of their Countrys to reside in it, and kept them here, and naturalized them to it.
1713 R. Steele in Guardian 17 Mar. 1/1 My Obligations of it are such as might well naturalize me into the Interests of it.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 213 I was..naturaliz'd to the Place, and to the Manner of Living.
1813 Examiner 22 Feb. 118/2 We naturalized foreign seamen into our service.
2.
a. transitive. More generally: to make a thing native, common, or fitting; to put (something foreign) on a level with what is native.
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a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. vii. f. 130 So that a habite of commaunding was naturalized in them, and therefore the farther from Tyrannie.
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 221 In an instant can denizen and naturalize that soule that was an alien to the Covenant.
1655 W. Gouge & T. Gouge Learned Comm. Hebrewes (xi. 21) iii. 88 His [sc. Joseph's] children..are..naturalized by Jacob, and made free Denisons of the Church.
1665 M. Nedham Medela Medicinæ 296 Most mysterious Maladies are naturalised within our Vitals.
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xi. 164 This Proposition..seem'd to naturalize Rebellion, and to make it current in the Kingdom.
1766 J. Cunningham Poems 166 Old Shylock, the Jew,..Was naturaliz'd oft by your fathers before ye.
1788 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. xiv, in Wks. (1797) I. 305 A mind thrown back two thousand years, and as it were naturalized in antiquity.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxii. 571 The yard was naturalized as an English measure.
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. v. 148 It is..advisable..that they [sc. chronometers] should be received on board at an earlier period, so that they may become naturalized in their new position.
1911 J. E. C. Flitch Mediterranean Moods ix. 188 The Ibicencos have never naturalised the guitar.
b. transitive. To introduce or adopt (a word, phrase, etc.) into a language or into common use; also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > render (a thing) habitual > naturalize
denize1577
denizen1577
naturalize1593
endenize1598
inhousehold1611
domesticate1750
society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > liking for or sympathy with other nations > like or sympathize with other nations [verb (transitive)] > admit foreign words, beliefs, etc.
denize1577
denizen1577
naturalize1593
endenize1598
1593 G. Peele Honovr of Garter Prol. sig. A2v Harington,..That hath so purely naturalized Strange words, and made them all free-denyzons.
1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion i. Illustr. 14 I haue like liberty to naturalize that word [sc. ‘transanimation’], as Lipsius had to make it a Romane.
a1674 Earl of Clarendon Dialogue conc. Educ. in Tracts (1727) 338 Since the Latin hath ceased to be a language,..the French is almost naturalized through Europe.
1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero Five Bks. De Finibus i. 1 When I first attempted to naturalize the Notions and Arguments, which the Grecian Philosophers have.
1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. xvi. p. ccxiii As to the word police, though of Greek extraction,..it did not originate there, it has at least been naturalized.
1878 W. E. Gladstone Homer 52 Homer never directly assigns to a foreign origin anything that has become naturalised in Greece.
1881 R. L. Stevenson Virginibus Puerisque 192 The lion is nothing to us; he has not been taken to the hearts of the people, and naturalised as an English emblem.
1964 E. A. Nida Toward Sci. Translating viii. 168 When source and receptor languages represent very different cultures..many basic themes and accounts..cannot be ‘naturalized’ by the process of translating.
1986 Brit. Jrnl. Aesthetics Autumn 324 Naturalized, deconstruction could be incorporated within a meta-critical perspective.
3.
a. transitive (reflexive). To become fully settled or established in a place or in new surroundings.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (reflexive)] > become naturalized
naturalize1646
1646 J. Hall Horæ Vacivæ 96 Customs insensibly Naturalize themselves.
1824 R. Southey Sir Thomas More (1831) I. 53 An endemic malady..has naturalized itself among your American brethren.
1854 J. H. Newman Lect. Hist. Turks ii. ii. 89 They were brought into it by the Roman Government.., but they never naturalized themselves there.
1870 Standard 12 Nov. If he naturalised himself in the United States and ran for President.
1960 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 54 143 In marrying her he [sc. Othello] seemed to prove that he was fully lovable in Venice by Venetians, that he had fully naturalized himself.
b. transitive (reflexive). Of a plant or animal: to become established so that it lives wild in a place where it is not native. Cf. sense 4b.
ΚΠ
1827 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (1828) 296 From the singular steadfastness of the stem, they soon naturalize themselves to the spot.
1856 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1855: Agric. p. xiii, in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (34th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 12) VI The Earth Almond,..a small tuberous esculent, from the south of Spain, has naturalised itself to our climate and soil.
a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) App. 311 It appears that I saw about a dozen plants which had accompanied man as far into the woods as Chesuncook, and had naturalized themselves there, in 1853.
1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 163 As better plums have been raised, the Bullace more and more has been abandoned, clinging to orchard hedges, old gardens, undisturbed corners, naturalizing itself in neglect.
1995 Times 4 Dec. 20/2 Snowberry bushes are covered with white berries. This American plant has naturalised itself by streams and ditches.
4.
a. intransitive. To become naturalized; to settle down as if native. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > types of inhabitant [verb (intransitive)] > gain status or rights of native
naturalize1660
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed iii. xvi. 398 Divers of ours [sc. men] being taken, have naturalized [Fr. sont naturalisez] amongst them [sc. Brazilian captors].
1821 Ld. Jeffrey Let. to C. Wilkes 15 Apr. We do not allow ourselves..to naturalise in London.
1876 M. M. Grant Sun-maid I. viii. 267 How did you get them all to naturalise here?..Do not they ever want to go back to Russia, to their country and their home?
1977 P. M. Smith et al. in H. Glass Lang., Ethnicity & Intergroup Relations xii. 294 One of the non-citizens did not intend to naturalize although he had been in Canada for 15 years.
b. intransitive. Of a plant: to become established so that it lives wild in a place where it is not native. Cf. sense 3b.
ΚΠ
1888 F. A. Lees Flora W. Yorks. 190 Lucerne. Alien, not naturalizing readily.
1984 Gardening from Which? July 23/1 In the garden, there are three main areas where bulbs can be left undisturbed to naturalize.
1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 269/1 In parts of southern Europe it naturalises so freely that it has become a common part of open woodland.
5. transitive. To introduce (a plant or animal) to a place where it is not indigenous, but in which it may survive and reproduce as if it were native; to plant (a bulb, etc.) so that it requires no cultivation and becomes self-propagating, giving the effect of wild growth. Usually in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > balance of nature > distribution > [verb (transitive)] > naturalize
naturalizec1708
plant1899
c1708 (title) Canary birds naturalized in Utopia.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 69. ¶5 Our Melons, our Peaches..are Strangers among us,..naturalized in our English Gardens.
1763 Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 68/2 A great variety of African plants have, as it were, been naturalised in the American settlements.
1842 J. Bischoff Comprehensive Hist. Woollen Manuf. II. 342 An essay on the means and advantages of naturalizing the alpaca in this country.
1845 C. Darwin Jrnl. (ed. 2) vi. 120 No doubt many plants, besides the cardoon and fennel, are naturalized.
1901 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 8) i. xii. 162 Many spring-flowering bulbs may be naturalised beneath the branches.
1928 Garden & Home Builder Aug. 540/2 When naturalizing plants there are several things to be considered.
1945 J. M. Fogg Weeds of Lawn & Garden 168 Pineapple-weed..has become naturalized not only in eastern North America but also in Europe.
1994 Harrowsmith June 51/2 Of the many bugleweeds, two that were introduced from Europe have become naturalized in North America.
II. To make natural.† 8. intransitive. To adopt methods in conformity with, or indicated by, nature. Obsolete. rare.
6. † b. transitive. To convert (something) to or into something else by custom or habit; to make (a thing) natural or familiar to a person. Obsolete.† c. transitive. To attach (a person) closely to another. Obsolete. rare.
a. transitive. To familiarize or accustom (a person) in or to something. Now U.S. regional (south-eastern).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > accustom (a person) > adapt to circumstances > familiarize a person with a thing
frequent1588
acquaint1589
naturalize1598
familiarize1635
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Naturare, to enure, to accustome, to naturalize.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. i. 204 I will returne perfect Courtier, in the which my instruction shall serue to naturalize thee. View more context for this quotation
1651 S. Hartlib Clavis Apocalyptica Ded. An emploiment whereunto..God hath naturalized my affections.
1924 J. W. Raine Land of Saddle-bags 102 Our folks got naturalized to the doctor, and like him.
1930 Virginia Q. Rev. Apr. 249 He [sc. a Southern Highlander] may aver..that an outlander must get naturalized to the climate.
1940 M. Haun Hawk's Done Gone xi. 232 It was hard for him to get naturalized to their ways.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > render (a thing) habitual > make customary or natural to a person
naturalize1606
nature1890
1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xvi. ci. 401 Prescription doth naturalize in Court Some Errors to an habit.
1665 R. South Serm. preached before Court 28 Custom hath naturalized his labor to him.
1745 E. Young Consolation 3 Conscience, deaden'd by repeated Strokes, Has into Manners nat'raliz'd our Crimes.
1805 J. Foster Ess. iv. iv. 163 Naturalized into the theological dialect by time and use.
1860 G. Meredith Let. 9 Feb. (1920) I. 57 My principle is to show the events flowing from evident causes. To naturalize them to the mind of the reader, I have many temptations so incident which I reject because they seem to me out of nature.
ΚΠ
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. xi. ix. 326 I am too much naturalized to you on the side of obligation, not to take a permanent interest in all your pleasures and disappointments.
7.
a. transitive. Of a creative artist: to bring (one's work, style, etc.) closer to a realistic representation of nature; to free (one's style) of artifice or conventionality.Frequently echoing Montaigne (see quot. 1603).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > represent in art [verb (transitive)] > realistically or appropriately
naturalize1603
to strike off1821
vitalize1884
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. v. 525 Were I of the trade, I would naturalize arte, as much as they artize nature.
a1744 Visct. Bolingbroke Let. to Pope (T.) Says Montaigne, I would naturalise art, instead of artilising nature.
1789 P. Smyth tr. H. Aldrich Archit. (1818) 12 Masaccio, the first painter who naturalized the stiff manner of Giotto.
1801 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 11 290 The British school of gardening naturalizes art; the French artificializes nature.
1867 A. Barry Life & Wks. Sir C. Barry iv. 127 A style thoroughly naturalized.
1982 Stud. German Lit., Linguistics & Culture 12 9 [Goethe's classical aesthetics] neither anthropomorphizes nature not naturalizes art and man.
b. transitive. Philosophy. To reduce to a purely natural basis; to explain (events, etc.) without reference to the supernatural or miraculous; to deduce (moral judgements or behaviour) only from human reason. Cf. naturalism n. 2, natural adj. 9b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > mythology > convert into or construct myth [verb (transitive)] > treat (myth) as history
naturalize1647
Euhemerize1847
1647 M. Hudson Divine Right Govt. ii. x. 158 The inward satisfaction of conscience..is that alone which doth naturalize these supernaturall duties.
1652 Persuasive 5 It shall not be the project of this Discourse, either to naturalize, or make invalid the Lines of Princes.
1823 ‘G. Smith’ Not Paul, but Jesus 305 Willing to contradict the falsity, and thus naturalize the miracle.
1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia 7 The Divine Being himself is naturalized and brought down to the plane of these conceptions.
a1882 T. H. Green Proleg. Ethics (1883) Introd. 9 To stand in the way of the scientific impulse to naturalise the moral man.
1990 Ess. in Crit. 40 169 The psychological critics..attempt to naturalise the shocking and monstrous by tracing it from a germ of character modified by environment.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > naturalism > inquire into or adopt methods indicated by nature [verb (transitive)]
naturalize1628
physiologize1678
the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > come into perceptible existence or materialize [verb (intransitive)] > adopt methods in conformity with nature
naturalize1628
1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer ii. 271 Some did a little further nat'rallize, And these unto the Ayre would sacrifize..pure Frankincense or Myrrhe... They hoped these might purge ill ayres.
9. intransitive. To pursue the studies of a naturalist; to study natural history. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > study > person who studies > [verb (intransitive)] > natural history
naturalize1787
1787 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) III. viii. 337 The mountains of Wales, where both had been naturalising thirteen years ago.
1840 E. Forbes in G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes (1861) ix. 269 Going to naturalize in the Mediterranean for a couple of years.
1861 G. Wilson & A. Geikie Life (1861) ix. 250 Forbes returned to the Isle of Man, where he remained two months, naturalizing, as was his wont.
1993 P. O'Brian Wine-dark Sea ix. 191 He sent to say he was a-naturalizing in the mountains.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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