negationn.

Brit.

/nᵻˈɡeɪʃn/, U.S.

/nəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English negacioun, late Middle English negacyon, late Middle English–1500s negacion, 1500s– negation; Scottish pre-1700 negacioun, pre-1700 negacioune, pre-1700 negatione, pre-1700 negatioun, pre-1700 negatioune, pre-1700 1700s– negation.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French negation; Latin negātiōn-, negātiō.

Etymology: < Middle French negation act of denial (1174 in Old French in form negatiun), negative word (1370; compare Anglo-Norman negatiun ; French négation ) or its etymon classical Latin negātiōn-, negātiō denial, refusal, act of making negative, in post-classical Latin also in logic (6th cent.: see sense 1c), and denoting absence of a quality (from late 10th cent. in British sources) < negāt- , past participial stem of negāre negate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian negazione (1304–8 in Dante), Spanish negación (1490).

a. An act of denial; a negative statement, doctrine, etc.; a refusal or contradiction; a denial of something.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > [noun] > a denying or instance of

negation?a1425

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > a denial or refusal

nayc1390

negation?a1425

non1551

negativec1571

counterbuff1579

say-nay1657

repellent1777

repellence1817

raspberry1919

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 140 (MED) Petir aftir þe trespas of negacioun, or diniynge, þe which he dide to my sone, he wepte ful bittirly.

c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 136 (MED) We rede of him [sc. Peter] þat at euery tyme whan he remembrid þis negacion euyr wold he wepe.

c1500 Barounis Lawis f. 6, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Negatio(u)n(e, -acioun(e Quhar ony party defendand apoune his negacioune [Skene negation] maid, be dempt to acquittance.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 111 Some things there be which of custome I shake off, with a manifest negation.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ii. 129 Why my negation hath no taste of madnesse.

1675 R. Barclay Apol. Quakers v. §25. 183 Is a bare Negation sufficient to overturn the strength of a positive Assertion?

1729 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. Eccl. & Civil (1743) VII. xvii. 127 To judge whether more credit were to be given to her bare negation than to their affirmation.

1797 E. Burke Let. Affairs Ireland in Wks. IX. 465 Our difference is only a negation of certain tenets of theirs.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. (Bohn) 164 Negations involve impediments not less formidable than sophistication.

1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. iv. 70 Villenage..implied a negation of all rights in land and chattels.

1918 W. Cather My Ántonia ii. xii. 249 The life that went on in them seemed to me made up of evasions and negations; shifts to save cooking, to save washing and cleaning, devices to propitiate the tongue of gossip.

1987 R. P. Jhabvala Three Continents i. 33 Any change in him implied..a negation of what there was between us.

b. The making of a statement involving the use of a negative word, as ‘no’, ‘not’, ‘never’, etc. (frequently in Linguistics); contradiction of a statement or allegation; denial, rebuttal, nullification. Also with of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > [noun]

andsechOE

nitea1400

nyingc1429

naying1430

negationc1450

contradiction1526

deny1535

nay-saying1535

deniance1548

denial1576

infringement1593

nay-saya1598

negativing1777

denying1785

denegation1831

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > use of negative

negationc1450

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 178 The ryghtfull order of construccyon [is] y-lette..By negacyon, as ‘No an I loue but God’, Neminem diligo preter Deum.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 41 In negation they use one of these thre wordes, pas, point or mye.

?1550 J. Bale Apol. agaynste Papyst f.23^v But I founde therin no answere appoynted to be made..neyther by affyrmacion nor yet negacion.

1574 R. MacIlmaine tr. P. de La Ramée Logike i. xii. f. 36^v And therefore vpon the affirmation of the one, followethe the negation of the other.

1634 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (STC 12640.5) 205 Not by way of negation; as if nothing were necessary but this; but by way of comparison.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 159 Our negation is only of humane controverted additions.

1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous ii. 92 I super-add to this general Idea, the Negation of all those particular Things, Qualities, or Ideas.

1851 W. E. Gladstone State Prosecutions Neapolitan Govt. 9 This is the negation of God erected into a system of Government.

1876 H. James Roderick Hudson x. 369 She made a gesture of negation.

1929 Oxf. Poetry 25 It is only by negation that you and I are two.

1984 A. West H. G. Wells (1985) iv. 81 Living dead who had surrendered before time to the negation of all their hopes.

1991 R. M. W. Dixon New Approach Eng. Gram. ii. 22 Negation is shown by ‘not’ or ‘–nt’.

c. Logic. Assertion that a proposition, etc., is false; an instance of this, esp. a proposition whose assertion specifically denies the truth of another proposition. Usually opposed to affirmation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > condition of being affirmative or negative

quality1552

negation1570

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 17 In this proposition the conclusion is a negation.

1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike ii. i. f. 88 A negation dooth but deprive and take away.

1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 105 The one is a thing being, the other a negation of the being thereof.

1725 I. Watts Logick i. ii. §6 A negation is the absence of that which does not naturally belong to the thing we are speaking of.

1788 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic i. §4. 14 Negation is the enunciation of one thing from another.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic v. 136 Negation is only the affirmation of difference or exclusion.

1895 Mind 4 169 Negation is always correlated to a position or affirmation.

1969 F. M. Hall Introd. Abstr. Algebra II. xi. 313 The negation, or complement, of A, written A′, is the statement ‘it is false that A’, or briefly ‘not A’.

1990 Mind 99 211 It follows..that the two negations are logically equivalent.

1996 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 61 1133 It is not difficult to see that Σ is closed under conjunction and negation.

d. Computing. A logical operation that converts a statement, proposition, or truth value from true to false or vice versa; the result of this operation; spec. = inversion n. 15.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > [noun] > logic > operation > particular operations

and1946

OR1947

negation1949

inversion1955

NOR1957

NAND1958

NOT AND1960

XOR1961

not1969

1949 E. C. Berkeley Giant Brains iii. 34 The simplest computing operation is negation.

1959 E. M. McCormick Digital Computer Primer v. 64 The not logical operation (negation) results in an output which is opposite to its single input.

1962 T. C. Bartee et al. Theory & Design Digital Machines iii. 23 Some authors refer to x′ as not x or as the negation of x corresponding to our complement of x.

1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xxii. 140 The negation of a proposition ‘p’ is the proposition which is false when p is true, and true when p is false.

1990 Jrnl. Logic & Computation 1 85 Formulas whose major connectives is binary, and negations of such formulas, are divided into two categories.

2. The absence, lack, or opposite of something actual or positive; an instance of this. Now usually with of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [noun] > negativity or negation

negation1620

negativeness1697

negativity1826

not-ness1933

negaholism1989

1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 112 For where there is no essence, or a thing depriued of essence, there is negation, or nullitie.

1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. K8 Rash man that dost inferre negation From thy dead eare, or non-experience.

1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 223 Not to will a mans salvation, is properly no act, but rather a negation of an act.

1673 J. Kersey Elem. Algebra I. i. i. 6 This Character − is a sign of Negation.

1743 H. Fielding Of Remedy Afflict. in Misc. I. 318 Death is nothing more than the Negation of Life.

1837 C. R. Goring & A. Pritchard Micrographia 79 Some compound of black (which implies a negation of colour).

1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. xiv. 422 Death in this case would be simply the sudden negation of life.

1942 E. Waugh Put out More Flags ii. 90 The pipes were never heated and the chill in the house, instead of being a mere negation of warmth, became something positive and overwhelming.

1992 Daily Tel. (BNC) 5 Apr. In a liberal democracy ‘non-violence’ is a cherished value, perhaps the most cherished of all values, for violence is perceived as the negation of democracy.

3. Philosophy. Something of which the essence consists in the absence or lack of something. Hence in wider use: a nonentity; an unreal or unimpressive thing. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [noun] > negativity or negation > a negative thing

privant1586

negation1707

minus quantity1843

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening Pref. 5 Meer Negations, and simple Privations, as Death, Ignorance, Blindness, and the like.

1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Sept. 283/1 Next to him was old Barton—a jolly negation.

1893 T. H. Huxley Evol. & Ethics ii. 65 Though reduced to a hypostatized negation, Brahma was not to be trusted.

1895 Daily News 31 May 2/1 The rest of the dress being a negation in fawnish cream colour.

a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. xxv. 499 You've completely merged yourself in him—which might do very well if you were his wife and a good influence in his life or a mere negation like most wives.

Compounds

negation sign n. Logic a sign or symbol used to indicate negation.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > [noun] > logic > operation > particular operations > sign

negation sign1938

1938 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 13 79 (note) M is any ‘affirmative’ modal, that is, any modal with an even number of negation signs.

1948 J. C. C. McKinsey & A. Tarski in Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 13 1 As regards constants, they are three in number: the negation sign, the conjunction sign, and the possibility sign.

1955 A. N. Prior Formal Logic iii. ii. 253 We regard..his negation-sign as meaning impossibility.

1995 Jrnl. Philos. 92 641 A form in which all negation signs are prefixed to atomic formulas.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	negation
释义	negationn. Brit. /nᵻˈɡeɪʃn/, U.S. /nəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English negacioun, late Middle English negacyon, late Middle English–1500s negacion, 1500s– negation; Scottish pre-1700 negacioun, pre-1700 negacioune, pre-1700 negatione, pre-1700 negatioun, pre-1700 negatioune, pre-1700 1700s– negation. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French negation; Latin negātiōn-, negātiō. Etymology: < Middle French negation act of denial (1174 in Old French in form negatiun), negative word (1370; compare Anglo-Norman negatiun ; French négation ) or its etymon classical Latin negātiōn-, negātiō denial, refusal, act of making negative, in post-classical Latin also in logic (6th cent.: see sense 1c), and denoting absence of a quality (from late 10th cent. in British sources) < negāt- , past participial stem of negāre negate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian negazione (1304–8 in Dante), Spanish negación (1490). 1. a. An act of denial; a negative statement, doctrine, etc.; a refusal or contradiction; a denial of something. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > [noun] > a denying or instance of negation?a1425 the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > a denial or refusal nayc1390 negation?a1425 non1551 negativec1571 counterbuff1579 say-nay1657 repellent1777 repellence1817 raspberry1919 ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 140 (MED) Petir aftir þe trespas of negacioun, or diniynge, þe which he dide to my sone, he wepte ful bittirly. c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 136 (MED) We rede of him [sc. Peter] þat at euery tyme whan he remembrid þis negacion euyr wold he wepe. c1500 Barounis Lawis f. 6, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Negatio(u)n(e, -acioun(e Quhar ony party defendand apoune his negacioune [Skene negation] maid, be dempt to acquittance. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 111 Some things there be which of custome I shake off, with a manifest negation. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ii. 129 Why my negation hath no taste of madnesse. View more context for this quotation 1675 R. Barclay Apol. Quakers v. §25. 183 Is a bare Negation sufficient to overturn the strength of a positive Assertion? 1729 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. Eccl. & Civil (1743) VII. xvii. 127 To judge whether more credit were to be given to her bare negation than to their affirmation. 1797 E. Burke Let. Affairs Ireland in Wks. IX. 465 Our difference is only a negation of certain tenets of theirs. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. (Bohn) 164 Negations involve impediments not less formidable than sophistication. 1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. iv. 70 Villenage..implied a negation of all rights in land and chattels. 1918 W. Cather My Ántonia ii. xii. 249 The life that went on in them seemed to me made up of evasions and negations; shifts to save cooking, to save washing and cleaning, devices to propitiate the tongue of gossip. 1987 R. P. Jhabvala Three Continents i. 33 Any change in him implied..a negation of what there was between us. b. The making of a statement involving the use of a negative word, as ‘no’, ‘not’, ‘never’, etc. (frequently in Linguistics); contradiction of a statement or allegation; denial, rebuttal, nullification. Also with of. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > [noun] andsechOE nitea1400 nyingc1429 naying1430 negationc1450 contradiction1526 deny1535 nay-saying1535 deniance1548 denial1576 infringement1593 nay-saya1598 negativing1777 denying1785 denegation1831 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > use of negative negationc1450 c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 178 The ryghtfull order of construccyon [is] y-lette..By negacyon, as ‘No an I loue but God’, Neminem diligo preter Deum. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 41 In negation they use one of these thre wordes, pas, point or mye. ?1550 J. Bale Apol. agaynste Papyst f.23^v But I founde therin no answere appoynted to be made..neyther by affyrmacion nor yet negacion. 1574 R. MacIlmaine tr. P. de La Ramée Logike i. xii. f. 36^v And therefore vpon the affirmation of the one, followethe the negation of the other. 1634 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (STC 12640.5) 205 Not by way of negation; as if nothing were necessary but this; but by way of comparison. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 159 Our negation is only of humane controverted additions. 1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous ii. 92 I super-add to this general Idea, the Negation of all those particular Things, Qualities, or Ideas. 1851 W. E. Gladstone State Prosecutions Neapolitan Govt. 9 This is the negation of God erected into a system of Government. 1876 H. James Roderick Hudson x. 369 She made a gesture of negation. 1929 Oxf. Poetry 25 It is only by negation that you and I are two. 1984 A. West H. G. Wells (1985) iv. 81 Living dead who had surrendered before time to the negation of all their hopes. 1991 R. M. W. Dixon New Approach Eng. Gram. ii. 22 Negation is shown by ‘not’ or ‘–nt’. c. Logic. Assertion that a proposition, etc., is false; an instance of this, esp. a proposition whose assertion specifically denies the truth of another proposition. Usually opposed to affirmation. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > condition of being affirmative or negative quality1552 negation1570 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 17 In this proposition the conclusion is a negation. 1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike ii. i. f. 88 A negation dooth but deprive and take away. 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 105 The one is a thing being, the other a negation of the being thereof. 1725 I. Watts Logick i. ii. §6 A negation is the absence of that which does not naturally belong to the thing we are speaking of. 1788 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic i. §4. 14 Negation is the enunciation of one thing from another. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic v. 136 Negation is only the affirmation of difference or exclusion. 1895 Mind 4 169 Negation is always correlated to a position or affirmation. 1969 F. M. Hall Introd. Abstr. Algebra II. xi. 313 The negation, or complement, of A, written A′, is the statement ‘it is false that A’, or briefly ‘not A’. 1990 Mind 99 211 It follows..that the two negations are logically equivalent. 1996 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 61 1133 It is not difficult to see that Σ is closed under conjunction and negation. d. Computing. A logical operation that converts a statement, proposition, or truth value from true to false or vice versa; the result of this operation; spec. = inversion n. 15. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > [noun] > logic > operation > particular operations and1946 OR1947 negation1949 inversion1955 NOR1957 NAND1958 NOT AND1960 XOR1961 not1969 1949 E. C. Berkeley Giant Brains iii. 34 The simplest computing operation is negation. 1959 E. M. McCormick Digital Computer Primer v. 64 The not logical operation (negation) results in an output which is opposite to its single input. 1962 T. C. Bartee et al. Theory & Design Digital Machines iii. 23 Some authors refer to x′ as not x or as the negation of x corresponding to our complement of x. 1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xxii. 140 The negation of a proposition ‘p’ is the proposition which is false when p is true, and true when p is false. 1990 Jrnl. Logic & Computation 1 85 Formulas whose major connectives is binary, and negations of such formulas, are divided into two categories. 2. The absence, lack, or opposite of something actual or positive; an instance of this. Now usually with of. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [noun] > negativity or negation negation1620 negativeness1697 negativity1826 not-ness1933 negaholism1989 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 112 For where there is no essence, or a thing depriued of essence, there is negation, or nullitie. 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. K8 Rash man that dost inferre negation From thy dead eare, or non-experience. 1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 223 Not to will a mans salvation, is properly no act, but rather a negation of an act. 1673 J. Kersey Elem. Algebra I. i. i. 6 This Character − is a sign of Negation. 1743 H. Fielding Of Remedy Afflict. in Misc. I. 318 Death is nothing more than the Negation of Life. 1837 C. R. Goring & A. Pritchard Micrographia 79 Some compound of black (which implies a negation of colour). 1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. xiv. 422 Death in this case would be simply the sudden negation of life. 1942 E. Waugh Put out More Flags ii. 90 The pipes were never heated and the chill in the house, instead of being a mere negation of warmth, became something positive and overwhelming. 1992 Daily Tel. (BNC) 5 Apr. In a liberal democracy ‘non-violence’ is a cherished value, perhaps the most cherished of all values, for violence is perceived as the negation of democracy. 3. Philosophy. Something of which the essence consists in the absence or lack of something. Hence in wider use: a nonentity; an unreal or unimpressive thing. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [noun] > negativity or negation > a negative thing privant1586 negation1707 minus quantity1843 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening Pref. 5 Meer Negations, and simple Privations, as Death, Ignorance, Blindness, and the like. 1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Sept. 283/1 Next to him was old Barton—a jolly negation. 1893 T. H. Huxley Evol. & Ethics ii. 65 Though reduced to a hypostatized negation, Brahma was not to be trusted. 1895 Daily News 31 May 2/1 The rest of the dress being a negation in fawnish cream colour. a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. xxv. 499 You've completely merged yourself in him—which might do very well if you were his wife and a good influence in his life or a mere negation like most wives. Compounds negation sign n. Logic a sign or symbol used to indicate negation. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > [noun] > logic > operation > particular operations > sign negation sign1938 1938 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 13 79 (note) M is any ‘affirmative’ modal, that is, any modal with an even number of negation signs. 1948 J. C. C. McKinsey & A. Tarski in Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 13 1 As regards constants, they are three in number: the negation sign, the conjunction sign, and the possibility sign. 1955 A. N. Prior Formal Logic iii. ii. 253 We regard..his negation-sign as meaning impossibility. 1995 Jrnl. Philos. 92 641 A form in which all negation signs are prefixed to atomic formulas. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1425
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