underworldn.

Brit.

/ˈʌndəwəːld/, U.S.

/ˈəndərˌwərld/

Etymology: under- prefix¹ 2b(b), 2a(c) Compare Dutch onderwereld, German unterwelt, Danish underverden.

1. The sublunary or terrestrial world.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [noun]

earthOE

ballc1300

Tellus1567

this earthly round1584

mass1587

underworld1609

footstool1652

terrestrial1745

terra firma1786

Planet Earth1858

terra1947

earthside1958

1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) viii. xxx. 211 The glory of that Mightinesse..That ouer-spreds..This vnder-world.

a1625 J. Fletcher Bonduca iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Hhhh^v/1 Loud Fame calls ye, pitch'd on the toplesse Perinine, and blows to all the under world.

1700 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother i. i Thou, like the God thou serv'st, shall shine aloft, And with thy influence rule the under world.

a1719 J. Addison tr. Virgil Fourth Georgic in Wks. (1721) I. 19 When th' under-world is seiz'd with cold and night.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I ii, in Wks. (1870) II. 381 For a king bears the office of a God To all the under world.

figurative.1694 F. Atterbury Scorner Incapable of Wisdom 2 Their Way was..to look down with Pitty and Contempt upon a poor deluded Under-World.1795 J. Wolcot Liberty's Last Squeak iii, in Wks. (1812) III. 425 Our Lords on high, Who call the under-world of man, An assish, mulish, packhorse clan.

a. The abode of the departed, imagined as being under the earth; the nether world.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun]

helleOE

hellOE

perditiona1382

perishingc1384

welling woea1400

hellwardc1400

Topheta1425

gehenne1481

to devilwardc1550

limbo1581

Averna1592

Hades1597

Sheol1599

other place1604

underworld1608

infernals1613

gehenna1623

lower world1639

netherworld1640

pandemonium1667

subterrenea1711

diablerie1776

inferno1834

ballyhooly1837

nether region1839

Sam Hill1839

Ballyhack1843

tunket1871

bogydom1880

1608 J. Day Humour out of Breath sig. B1 Since proude Anthonio..Is in his iourney towards th' vnderworld.

1713 Countess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 18 When to the Under-world despis'd he goes, A pamper'd carcase on the Worms bestows.

1858 S. Birch Hist. Anc. Pottery I. 365 Few Argive representations, except that of the Danaids in the under-world,..are given on vases.

1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture I. 311 The western Hades, the underworld of night and death.

b. A region below the surface of the earth; a subterranean or underlying area.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > subterranean parts

underground1590

underfolda1618

under-earth1878

underworld1885

1885 Daily News 4 Nov. The extent to which the under~world in the Potteries is honeycombed with coal mines.

1886 A. Winchell Walks & Talks in Geol. Field 56 Shall we venture among the dangers of the oceanic under-world?

3. The Antipodes; also, the part of the earth beyond the horizon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > antipodes

antipodesc1550

underworld1847

the world > the earth > region of the earth > horizon > [noun] > area beyond horizon

underworld1847

1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 66 Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail, That brings our friends up from the underworld.

1868 C. Kingsley in Good Words Jan. 23/1 New patriarchs of the new-found underworld.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 154 A shining sail came from the under~world and swept placidly towards the city.

a. A sphere or region lying or considered to lie below the ordinary one. Hence also (figurative), a lower, or the lowest, stratum of society, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [noun] > hidden tendency or activity > life

underlife1847

underworld1858

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun]

laga1616

raff1673

Panchama Bandham1800

lower working class1824

proletariat1852

mudsill1858

netherworld1889

underworld1899

subproletariat1918

underclass1918

lumpenproletariat1924

Fifth Estate1966

Fourth World1976

1858 A. B. Edwards Hand & Glove vi. 54 Slowly I sank away, lower and lower, into the under-world of darkness and dreams.

1894 Harper's Mag. Mar. 630 The mysterious processes which go on under the influence of the bacteria in this underworld of life.

1899 F. T. Bullen Way Navy 25 The begrimed company of toilers..in the underworld of engines and boilers [in a ship].

1903 J. London in Ainslie's Mag. Oct. 76/1 And without a word, when his wanderlust gripped him, he was off and away into that great mysterious underworld he called ‘The Road’.

1913 C. J. Hogarth (title) Dostoyevsky's Letters from the underworld.

1915 Truth 3 Mar. 326/1 The paper referred to is one of several obscure sheets, known only in the underworld of finance.

1929 Amer. Speech 4 337 The following word-list..does..record representative words and phrases commonly used by ‘knights of the road’, ‘migratory workers’, and denizens of the so-called ‘underworld’.

1972 F. Fitzgerald Fire in Lake iii. 126 They managed to create an underworld of warlords, secret societies, and bandit groups.

b. spec. The world of criminals or of organized crime (usually with the); hence, the inhabitants of this region.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > world of criminals

twilight world1887

underworld1900

milieu1972

1900 McClure's Mag. Aug. 356 (heading) True stories from the Underworld.

1900 McClure's Mag. Aug. 356 Their life amongst them [sc. the criminal classes] is not to break laws, but to understand as thoroughly as possible the motives and methods of that great part of the community which they describe as ‘The Under-World’.

1903 ‘J. Flynt’ Rise of Ruderick Clowd iv. 136 Susan was the accepted Queen of the local Under World.

1926 Westm. Gaz. 22 Mar. Four of the most dangerous women in London's underworld began long terms of imprisonment during the weekend.

1956 H. Kurnitz Invasion of Privacy xxiii. 146 Remember the code of the underworld and what happens to a squealer.

1977 Time 8 Aug. 16/2 He..was presumably executed by the underworld.

1981 M. Moorcock Byzantium Endures ix. 235 Through an acquaintance in the Podol under~world, I had two copies of my passport printed, complete with photographs.

c. The slang of the criminal underworld. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > jargon > used by thieves or disreputable characters

pedlar's French1530

peddling French?1536

cant1706

slang1756

patter1758

rogue's Latin1818

thieves' Latin1821

Rotwelsch1827

underworld1927

Runyonesque1934

mobese1955

smogger1958

1927 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Nov. 132 ‘Taking him for a ride’ is underworld for enticing a person to death.

5. attributive and as adj. (esp. in sense 4b).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [adjective]

draffsacked1548

sordid1596

dunghilly1616

proletarious1654

proletaneous1656

proletical1659

raff1761

raffish1795

proletarian1848

riff-raffy1850

proletary1854

low-down1865

underworld1929

lumpenproletarian1936

prole1938

nitty-gritty1948

1929 D. H. Lawrence Pornogr. & Obscenity 12 Genuine pornography is almost always underworld.

1955 D. W. Maurer in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. No. 24. 12 Perhaps the fact that underworld areas have not been traditionally considered ‘respectable’ for academic research has discouraged some investigators.

1977 Time 4 July 8/2 Widely believed to have underworld as well as high society connections, Riachi was found murdered in his apartment.

Derivatives

ˈunderˌworldling n. a member of an underworld.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class

ribalda1250

kitchen knave1440

scullion1483

scudler1488

canel raker?1518

channel raker1575

proletary1576

muckworm1649

proletariana1657

infimate1733

proletaire1796

coolie1803

gutterling1846

mudsill1858

prole1887

gutter-sparrow1890

gutter-bird1896

underworldling1928

delta1932

lumpenproletarian1936

proly1959

1928 Tablet 21 Jan. 89/1 One of the points on which Protestant Underworldlings have agreed to blacken the Church.

1962 N. Marsh Hand in Glove v. 157 ‘What can I do for you, Super?’ Moppett asked him with the slight smile of the film underworldling.

Draft additions 1993

ˈunderworldly adj. belonging to or suggestive of the criminal underworld.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [adjective] > relating to crime > world of criminals

underworldly1970

1970 Time 16 Nov. 105 Abé sets up a group of underworldly scientists.

1984 Amer. Banker 7 Aug. 23/4 Mr Kleiner suggested that Congress consider a word with less underworldly connotations [than racketeer].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	underworld
释义	underworldn. Brit. /ˈʌndəwəːld/, U.S. /ˈəndərˌwərld/ Etymology: under- prefix¹ 2b(b), 2a(c) Compare Dutch onderwereld, German unterwelt, Danish underverden. 1. The sublunary or terrestrial world. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [noun] earthOE ballc1300 Tellus1567 this earthly round1584 mass1587 underworld1609 footstool1652 terrestrial1745 terra firma1786 Planet Earth1858 terra1947 earthside1958 1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) viii. xxx. 211 The glory of that Mightinesse..That ouer-spreds..This vnder-world. a1625 J. Fletcher Bonduca iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Hhhh^v/1 Loud Fame calls ye, pitch'd on the toplesse Perinine, and blows to all the under world. 1700 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother i. i Thou, like the God thou serv'st, shall shine aloft, And with thy influence rule the under world. a1719 J. Addison tr. Virgil Fourth Georgic in Wks. (1721) I. 19 When th' under-world is seiz'd with cold and night. a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I ii, in Wks. (1870) II. 381 For a king bears the office of a God To all the under world. figurative.1694 F. Atterbury Scorner Incapable of Wisdom 2 Their Way was..to look down with Pitty and Contempt upon a poor deluded Under-World.1795 J. Wolcot Liberty's Last Squeak iii, in Wks. (1812) III. 425 Our Lords on high, Who call the under-world of man, An assish, mulish, packhorse clan. 2. a. The abode of the departed, imagined as being under the earth; the nether world. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] helleOE hellOE perditiona1382 perishingc1384 welling woea1400 hellwardc1400 Topheta1425 gehenne1481 to devilwardc1550 limbo1581 Averna1592 Hades1597 Sheol1599 other place1604 underworld1608 infernals1613 gehenna1623 lower world1639 netherworld1640 pandemonium1667 subterrenea1711 diablerie1776 inferno1834 ballyhooly1837 nether region1839 Sam Hill1839 Ballyhack1843 tunket1871 bogydom1880 1608 J. Day Humour out of Breath sig. B1 Since proude Anthonio..Is in his iourney towards th' vnderworld. 1713 Countess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 18 When to the Under-world despis'd he goes, A pamper'd carcase on the Worms bestows. 1858 S. Birch Hist. Anc. Pottery I. 365 Few Argive representations, except that of the Danaids in the under-world,..are given on vases. 1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture I. 311 The western Hades, the underworld of night and death. b. A region below the surface of the earth; a subterranean or underlying area. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > subterranean parts underground1590 underfolda1618 under-earth1878 underworld1885 1885 Daily News 4 Nov. The extent to which the under~world in the Potteries is honeycombed with coal mines. 1886 A. Winchell Walks & Talks in Geol. Field 56 Shall we venture among the dangers of the oceanic under-world? 3. The Antipodes; also, the part of the earth beyond the horizon. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > antipodes antipodesc1550 underworld1847 the world > the earth > region of the earth > horizon > [noun] > area beyond horizon underworld1847 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 66 Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail, That brings our friends up from the underworld. 1868 C. Kingsley in Good Words Jan. 23/1 New patriarchs of the new-found underworld. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 154 A shining sail came from the under~world and swept placidly towards the city. 4. a. A sphere or region lying or considered to lie below the ordinary one. Hence also (figurative), a lower, or the lowest, stratum of society, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [noun] > hidden tendency or activity > life underlife1847 underworld1858 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] laga1616 raff1673 Panchama Bandham1800 lower working class1824 proletariat1852 mudsill1858 netherworld1889 underworld1899 subproletariat1918 underclass1918 lumpenproletariat1924 Fifth Estate1966 Fourth World1976 1858 A. B. Edwards Hand & Glove vi. 54 Slowly I sank away, lower and lower, into the under-world of darkness and dreams. 1894 Harper's Mag. Mar. 630 The mysterious processes which go on under the influence of the bacteria in this underworld of life. 1899 F. T. Bullen Way Navy 25 The begrimed company of toilers..in the underworld of engines and boilers [in a ship]. 1903 J. London in Ainslie's Mag. Oct. 76/1 And without a word, when his wanderlust gripped him, he was off and away into that great mysterious underworld he called ‘The Road’. 1913 C. J. Hogarth (title) Dostoyevsky's Letters from the underworld. 1915 Truth 3 Mar. 326/1 The paper referred to is one of several obscure sheets, known only in the underworld of finance. 1929 Amer. Speech 4 337 The following word-list..does..record representative words and phrases commonly used by ‘knights of the road’, ‘migratory workers’, and denizens of the so-called ‘underworld’. 1972 F. Fitzgerald Fire in Lake iii. 126 They managed to create an underworld of warlords, secret societies, and bandit groups. b. spec. The world of criminals or of organized crime (usually with the); hence, the inhabitants of this region. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > world of criminals twilight world1887 underworld1900 milieu1972 1900 McClure's Mag. Aug. 356 (heading) True stories from the Underworld. 1900 McClure's Mag. Aug. 356 Their life amongst them [sc. the criminal classes] is not to break laws, but to understand as thoroughly as possible the motives and methods of that great part of the community which they describe as ‘The Under-World’. 1903 ‘J. Flynt’ Rise of Ruderick Clowd iv. 136 Susan was the accepted Queen of the local Under World. 1926 Westm. Gaz. 22 Mar. Four of the most dangerous women in London's underworld began long terms of imprisonment during the weekend. 1956 H. Kurnitz Invasion of Privacy xxiii. 146 Remember the code of the underworld and what happens to a squealer. 1977 Time 8 Aug. 16/2 He..was presumably executed by the underworld. 1981 M. Moorcock Byzantium Endures ix. 235 Through an acquaintance in the Podol under~world, I had two copies of my passport printed, complete with photographs. c. The slang of the criminal underworld. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > jargon > used by thieves or disreputable characters pedlar's French1530 peddling French?1536 cant1706 slang1756 patter1758 rogue's Latin1818 thieves' Latin1821 Rotwelsch1827 underworld1927 Runyonesque1934 mobese1955 smogger1958 1927 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Nov. 132 ‘Taking him for a ride’ is underworld for enticing a person to death. 5. attributive and as adj. (esp. in sense 4b). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [adjective] draffsacked1548 sordid1596 dunghilly1616 proletarious1654 proletaneous1656 proletical1659 raff1761 raffish1795 proletarian1848 riff-raffy1850 proletary1854 low-down1865 underworld1929 lumpenproletarian1936 prole1938 nitty-gritty1948 1929 D. H. Lawrence Pornogr. & Obscenity 12 Genuine pornography is almost always underworld. 1955 D. W. Maurer in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. No. 24. 12 Perhaps the fact that underworld areas have not been traditionally considered ‘respectable’ for academic research has discouraged some investigators. 1977 Time 4 July 8/2 Widely believed to have underworld as well as high society connections, Riachi was found murdered in his apartment. Derivatives ˈunderˌworldling n. a member of an underworld. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class ribalda1250 kitchen knave1440 scullion1483 scudler1488 canel raker?1518 channel raker1575 proletary1576 muckworm1649 proletariana1657 infimate1733 proletaire1796 coolie1803 gutterling1846 mudsill1858 prole1887 gutter-sparrow1890 gutter-bird1896 underworldling1928 delta1932 lumpenproletarian1936 proly1959 1928 Tablet 21 Jan. 89/1 One of the points on which Protestant Underworldlings have agreed to blacken the Church. 1962 N. Marsh Hand in Glove v. 157 ‘What can I do for you, Super?’ Moppett asked him with the slight smile of the film underworldling. Draft additions 1993 ˈunderworldly adj. belonging to or suggestive of the criminal underworld. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [adjective] > relating to crime > world of criminals underworldly1970 1970 Time 16 Nov. 105 Abé sets up a group of underworldly scientists. 1984 Amer. Banker 7 Aug. 23/4 Mr Kleiner suggested that Congress consider a word with less underworldly connotations [than racketeer]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1608
随便看	migrator migratorial migratories migrators migratory migratory labour migratory labour system migratory locust migratory thrush migratory worker migs migtype mihanere mihi mihrab mihrabs mija mijita mijito mijnpacht mijo mikado mikado pheasant mikadoate mikadoism