musseln.

Brit.

/ˈmʌsl/, U.S.

/ˈməs(ə)l/

Forms: Old English mucxle, Old English muscell (rare), Old English muscelle, Old English muscule (plural), Old English musscel (rare), Old English muxle, Old English 1600s musle, Old English– muscle (now U.S.), Middle English moscle, Middle English moscolle, Middle English moskle, Middle English moskyll, Middle English muschyl, Middle English muscl, Middle English muskall, Middle English muskele, Middle English muskelle, Middle English muskyl, Middle English musshell, Middle English mwskoll, Middle English–1500s muscul, Middle English–1500s muscule, Middle English–1500s muscull, Middle English–1500s muskyll, Middle English–1500s muskylle, Middle English–1600s muskel, Middle English–1600s muskle, late Middle English mustul, 1500s muskil, 1500s mussil, 1500s mussille, 1500s–1600s 1900s– mussell, 1600s mistle, 1600s mustell, 1600s (North American) 1800s– mussle, 1600s– mussel, 1700s muscel, 1800s musstle (U.S.), 1800s– mushel (regional); Scottish pre-1700 muschell, pre-1700 musel, pre-1700 musele, pre-1700 mussell, pre-1700 mussill, pre-1700 mussyll, pre-1700 mvssill, pre-1700 mwssill, pre-1700 1700s– mussel, pre-1700 1800s mussil, pre-1700 1800s– mussle, 1800s muscle, 1800s musle, 1900s– missel (north-eastern). N.E.D. (1908) also records a form Middle English musselle.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin muscula; French moskle, muscle, musle.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin muscula mussel (from 8th cent. in British sources; also musclus (c1320), muskelus (1378)), altered form of classical Latin mūsculus muscle n., in later use reinforced by Anglo-Norman moskle, muscle, muskele, musle, muxle (compare Old French moulle (c1280), Middle French molle (1358), Middle French, French moule (c1393); earlier in Anglo-Norman in form muisle (end of 12th cent.) mistakenly as the name of a fish), also < post-classical Latin muscula. Compare Middle Dutch mosschele, mossele (Dutch mossel), Old Saxon muskula (Middle Low German muschel), Old High German muscula (Middle High German muschel, German Muschel). Compare also Old Occitan muscle (1397), Catalan musclo, muscle, masculine, < classical Latin mūsculus.In Old English the weak feminine noun muscle (and variants) is sometimes found with the endings of the strong feminine ō-stem declension; a strong masculine noun muscell is also occasionally attested. Compare early occurrence in the place name Musselburgh (Midlothian; 1070 as Muselburg). Forms in -t- probably represent reverse spellings after the loss of /t/ between /s/ and syllabic /l/ (noted by orthoepists from the mid 17th cent. onwards, but probably much earlier: see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §406); the isolated late 15th-cent. form mustul, if it is not a transmission error, perhaps represents an early example of this.

1. Any of numerous bivalve molluscs found worldwide, typically having a brown or blackish shell and belonging chiefly to the orders Mytiloida (marine mussels) and Unionoida (freshwater mussels); esp. the common edible marine species Mytilus edulis, which has a slightly elongated, purplish black shell and is cultivated commercially for food. Frequently with distinguishing word.Marine mussels adhere by means of byssus threads to rocks or other firm surfaces, or to each other, often in dense clusters. Freshwater mussels typically lie on the beds of rivers, and some species produce small pearls. A few freshwater and estuarine mussels, such as the zebra mussel, belong to the family Dreissenidae, order Veneroida.horse, meadow, pearl, pond, river, swan mussel, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > shell-fish or mollusc > other edible molluscs

musseleOE

palour1589

ormer1637

mutton-fish1830

pipia1837

abalone1850

moule1867

toheroa1873

steamer clam1909

praire1929

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Mytilaceae > member of

musseleOE

mytilacean1839

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Unionidae > member of

musseleOE

palour1589

pearl mussel1607

hena1613

horse-mussel1626

clam1672

clamp1672

pearl shell1781

glam1797

naiad1829

naid1854

unionid1861

zebra mussel1866

hackleback1899

maple leaf1908

monkey-face1936

eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 309 Musculus, muscle.

OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 29 Quid capis in mari?.. Ostreas et cancros, musculas, torniculi, [etc.] : hwæt fehst þu on sæ?..Ostran & crabban, muslan, winewinclan, [etc.].

1298–9 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Early Mayor's Court Rolls (1924) 35 (MED) [A fish called] moscles.

1307 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 4 In muscles empty in villa.

1364 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1929) II. 7 (MED) Hostres, muskeles, cokkes, and welkes.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. x. 94 [A] ferthyng-worth of muscles Were a feste for suche folke.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. pr. v. 33 Oistres and muscles and oothir swich schelle-fyssch of the see.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 46 Fyrst sethe þy mustuls.

1485 in H. E. Holden Cely Papers (1900) 178 Item p^d for brede & mwskollz for the schype iiij^d.

a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 556 Garnyshed was her snout Wyth here and there a puscull, Lyke to a scabbyd muscull.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxlvii^v Thilke Margaryte thou desyrest, was closed in a muskle with a blewe shel.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. i. f. 93^v Sea musculs are engendred of such quantitie, that many of them are as brode as buckelers.

1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 120 The Ryver muskles are not for meate.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 466 Thy food shall be The fresh-brooke Mussels .

1660 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 174 The Pearl-bearing Muskles are found upon this shore.

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World vii. 173 Here are a great many Perewincles and Muscles.

1740 S. Johnson Drake in Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 601 The Shell of a Muscle of prodigious Size.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth (1862) II. iv. vi. 367 These threads which are usually termed the beard of the mussel.

1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Tillicoultry In the Dovan there are sometimes found muscles containing small pearls.

1810 C. Lamb Let. 12 July in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1978) III. 53 How much more dignified leisure hath a muscle, glued to his unpassable rocky limit, two inch square.

1845 J. Phillips & C. G. B. Daubeny Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. VI. 592/1 Coals..with bands of ‘muscles’.

1875 T. H. Huxley & H. N. Martin Course Elem. Biol. (1883) 107 Under the name of ‘Fresh-water Mussel’ two distinct kinds of animals..are included; namely, the Anodonta and two or three kinds of Unio.

1913 J. London Valley of Moon 376 As the tide grew lower, they gathered a mess of mussels.

1949 R. Duthie Fishing Villages 39 Awa' ti thi' missels i' thi' mornin?

1979 D. Smith Cookery Course II. 450 I love the appearance of mussels: a rich saffron colour and they sit so prettily in their blue, boat-shaped shells.

1997 New Scientist 10 May 14/1 The zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, introduced into the Great Lakes from Europe in 1988, has spread and is blocking industrial water intake pipes.

†2. = mussel plum n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > plum > other types of

white plumc1330

bullacea1375

myxe?1440

prunelloa1450

bullace-fruit1530

horse plum1530

plum1530

wheat-plum1538

wheaten plum1542

choke-plum1556

pear plum1573

finger plum1577

scad1577

skeg1601

merchant1602

bullace-plum1608

malacadonian1608

prune plum1613

date plum1626

mussel plum1626

amber plum1629

black plum1629

primordian1629

queen mother1629

winter crack1629

myrobalan1630

Christian1651

Monsieur's plum1658

cinnamon-plum1664

date1664

primordial1664

Orleans1674

mirabelle1706

myrobalan plum1708

Mogul1718

mussel1718

Chickasaw plum1760

blue gage1764

magnum bonum1764

golden drop1772

beach-plum1785

sweet plum1796

winesour1836

wild plum1838

quetsch1839

egg-plum1859

Victoria1860

cherry plum1866

bladder-plum1869

prune1872

sour plum1874

Carlsbad plum1885

horse-jug1886

French plum1939

1718 Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts 29 They will blue as well as the Muscles and better than the black Pear-Plums.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

mussel dredge n. rare

ΚΠ

1883 Great Internat. Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 13 Mussel Dredge.

mussel extract n.

ΚΠ

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 492 After the intravascular injection of peptone or leech-extract, or crab or mussel-extract.

2000 Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) (Nexis) 10 Aug. ii. 10 Publicity about the green-lipped mussel extract hyprinol..led many people to believe it was a breakthrough in cancer treatment.

mussel farmer n.

ΚΠ

1866 Chambers's Jrnl. 22 Sept. 602/2 The quality of the mussel more than the quantity—that influenced Walton to commence as a mussel-farmer.

1991 Herald-Sun (Melbourne) 10 Jan. 11/1 A collective of 18 mussel farmers..have thumbed their noses at tradition by growing juicy mussels in Corio Bay.

mussel-gatherer n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > for other shellfish

mussel man1459

cockler1769

cockle picker1801

cockle woman1827

mussel-gatherer1859

cockle wife1877

scalloper1887

clammer1888

winkler1889

quahogger1910

1859 A. J. Munby Diary 18 July in D. Hudson Munby (1972) 38 I met the mussel gatherers..fine young women with brown bare limbs.

1994 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) (Nexis) 28 Sept. 16 As all seasoned mussel-gatherers will know, the mussel likes to sit on something solid.

mussel farming n.

ΚΠ

1866 Chambers's Jrnl. 22 Sept. 601/2 My guide, a..fisherman,..had the whole theory and practice of mussel-farming at his finger-ends.

1991 Herald-Sun (Melbourne) 10 Jan. 11/1 Mussel farming in Victoria has traditionally been concentrated in Port Phillip Bay.

mussel-gathering n. In quot. 1999 used as present participle.

ΚΠ

1862 Chambers's Encycl. IV. 516/2 In the river Earn..muscle-gathering is quite a trade.

1999 Wiakato Times (Hamilton, N.Z.) (Nexis) 27 Jan. 3 She and Bradley..became trapped by the incoming tide while mussel gathering in the rocks.

† mussel-monger n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of provisions > seller of fish or seafood

oyster-monger1321

rippier1384

fishera1400

pannierman1419

oyster sellera1425

fish-sellerc1440

pessonera1450

fishmonger1464

pikemonger1464

palingman1475

fish-man1540

jowter1550

mussel-mongera1625

flounder-man1700

periwinkler1837

fish-hawker1866

fish-salesman1868

piscitarian1880

fish-cadger1889

cod walloper1915

a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) iv. 43 Here's a chaine of whitings eyes for pearles, A mussell-monger would have made a better.

1791 G. Huddesford Salmagundi 111 Musclemongers and oystermen, crimps, and coal-heavers.

mussel-opener n.

ΚΠ

1909 Daily Chron. 25 Sept. 7/6 (advt.) Oyster and mussel opener (young) wanted for evenings.

1995 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 19 June 4 Priscilla Ching is a mussel-opener at Southern Processors and can open 500kg of mussels in an eight-hour day.

mussel poisoning n.

ΚΠ

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 494 Urticaria is occasionally symptomatic of grave conditions, such as mussell poisoning, infective fevers [etc.].

1959 Science 129 340 The striking demonstration..of the strength of dinoflagellate toxin responsible for mussel poisoning.

1998 Guardian (Nexis) 10 July 8 Two groups of diners smitten by mussel poisoning have raised fears of a food menace not seen in Britain for 30 years.

mussel sauce n.

ΚΠ

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 88 Muscle-Sauce made thus is very good.

1877 E. S. Dallas Kettner's Bk. of Table 308 Mussel Sauce.—Proceed as for Oyster Sauce.

2000 Daily Mail (Nexis) 11 Aug. 55 She was so amazed by the pan-fried salmon starter with mussel sauce..that she nearly burst into tears.

mussel soup n.

ΚΠ

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 77 (heading) A Muscle Soop.

1993 Esquire Nov. 62/2 The menu is short and seasonal, full of uncontrived dishes..such as a mussel soup tinged with saffron.

mussel-spawn n.

ΚΠ

1902 Chambers's Jrnl. May 277/2 Some seasons the mussel-spawn is pretty much in evidence here.

† mussel taker n. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.iij^v Steuen mesyll mouthe muskyll taker.

mussel-pooled adj.

ΚΠ

1946 D. Thomas Deaths & Entrances 9 The mussel pooled and the heron Priested shore.

C2.

mussel bake n. a social gathering at which a meal of baked mussels is served (cf. clambake n. a).

ΚΠ

1939 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Ingleside xxv. 171 Jem hurried home..from a mussel-bake at the Harbour Mouth.

1996 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 10 Aug. 23 Our most treasured memory is a mussel bake over a huge open-air fire while flamenco guitarists serenaded us.

mussel band n. Geology a stratum in a coalfield containing fossil mussels or other bivalves.

ΚΠ

1845 J. Phillips & C. G. B. Daubeny Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. VI. 590/1 Iron-stone courses are most plentiful in the middle and lower part, where also lie the ‘muscle bands’.

1939 A. Raistrick & C. E. Marshall Nature & Origin Coal Seams ii. 33 The remains of fresh-water or marine shells are less common, forming when they occur in quantity ‘mussel bands’ and ‘marine bands’.

1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles ix. 224 The widespread recognition of the mussel bands from coalfield to coalfield..confirms that the Coal Measures were formerly continuous.

mussel bank n. a layer of mussels growing on the seabed; a mussel bed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Mytilidae > member of (mussel) > mussel bed

mussel beda1450

mussel scalp1496

scalp?15..

mussel bank1634

lay1902

1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect i. x. 42 The Bay..will be all flatts for two miles together, upon which is great store of Musclebanckes, and Clam bancks.

1718 Boston News-let. 12 May 2/1 Falling on a Mussel Bank they [sc. 100 coots] choak'd themselves with the Mussels.

1997 Jrnl. Animal Ecol. 66 850 Field data..showed that the intake rate of oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, on a mussel bank decreased with increasing density of conspecifics.

† mussel-bind n. Obsolete rare = mussel band n.

ΚΠ

1854 F. C. Bakewell Geol. 34 Argillaceous layers, containing numerous shells of fresh-water muscles, called by the miners ‘Muscle-bind’.

† mussel boat n. Obsolete (perhaps) a mussel shell used by children for a toy boat.

ΚΠ

1575 R. B. Apius & Virginia sig. B A mayde or a Mussell Bote, a wife or a wilde ducke, As bolde as blinde bayerd, as wise as a wood cocke.

a1590 Mariage Witt & Wisdome (Shaks. Soc.) ii. 13 So we ware both put into a mussellbote, And came saling in a sowes yeare ouer sea into Kent.

1612 R. Daborne Christian turn'd Turke sig. C2 Poore fishers brat, that neuer didst aspire Aboue a musle boate.

mussel crab n. a pea crab; esp. Pinnotheres maculatus, which lives in the shell of the mussel Mytilus edulis.

ΚΠ

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Mussel Mussel crab, a pea-crab (Pinnotheres maculatus).

1910 Encycl. Brit. VII. 356/2 The little ‘mussel-crabs’..live within the shells of mussels and other bivalve mollusca.

1932 Biol. Bull. 63 310 (title) Temperature and light as factors influencing the rate of swimming of the larvæ of the mussel crab, Pinnotheres maculatus Say.

mussel-crusher n. South African = musselcracker n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sparidae (sea-breams) > [noun] > sparodon durbanensis (biskop)

steenbras1791

biskop1902

musselcracker1905

mussel-crusher1905

1905 East London Daily Disp. (S. Afr.) 6 Nov. 7/4 Judging by the enormous incisors, and the perfect pavement of rounded molars with which the jaws of these white steenbras are armed, these fish live largely upon shell-fish, hence the local name mussel cracker and the Durban name mussel crusher.

1930 C. L. Biden Sea-angling Fishes of Cape xviii. 256 Mussel-Crusher or Mussel-Cracker.

mussel digger n. U.S. (a) the grey whale, Eschrichtius robustus (rare); (b) a machine for digging mussel-mud.

ΚΠ

1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 213 It being difficult to capture them, they have a variety of names among whalemen, as..‘Muscle-digger’, ‘Hard-head’, &c.

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Mussel Mussel-digger,..a machine for digging mussel-mud.

1949 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 43 Suppl. 185 Any whale known by the name of gray whale, California gray, devil fish, hard head, mussel digger [etc.].

mussel duck n. a duck which feeds on mussels, esp. a scaup.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya marila (scaup)

smeath1622

smee1668

scaup-duck1676

bluebill1792

scaup1798

greyback1824

raft duck1824

mussel duck1864

1864 J. C. Atkinson List Provinc. Names Birds Mussel Duck... Scaup Duck. Fuligula marila.

1893 H. T. Cozens-Hardy Broad Norfolk (Eastern Daily Press) 48 The mussel ducks allers lay off the North Beach in the dead of winter.

1950 A. W. Boyd Coward's Birds Brit. Isles (rev. ed.) 2nd Ser. 29 The bird [sc. the Common Sheld-Duck] is often called the ‘Sheldrake’, irrespective of sex, or ‘Shell-duck’ or ‘Mussel-duck’, from its food.

mussel-eater n. (a) a person who eats mussels; (b) U.S. rare, the freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens.Sense (b) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1852 Westm. Rev. New Ser. 1 52 The number of persons killed or wounded by this virulent though savory mollusk, is but small; almost minute when compared with the number of mussel-eaters.

1890 Cent. Dict. Mussel-eater, the buffalo perch, Aplodinotus grunniens.

1992 Sci. Amer. May 85/3 Physicians traced the toxin to locally cultured blue mussels. Ultimately, three people died of the toxin, and 107 other mussel-eaters reported symptoms.

mussel farm n. a place where mussels are cultivated commercially.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > mussel-bed

mussel beda1450

mussel farm1866

1866 Chambers's Jrnl. 22 Sept. 600/2 In order to see the mussel-farm it is necessary first to get to Paris.

1997 Shetland Times 21 Nov. 8/2 Planners have given the go-ahead for a mussel farm to be established at the Holm of East Burrafirth in Aith Voe.

† mussel man n. Obsolete a man who gathers mussels.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > for other shellfish

mussel man1459

cockler1769

cockle picker1801

cockle woman1827

mussel-gatherer1859

cockle wife1877

scalloper1887

clammer1888

winkler1889

quahogger1910

1459 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 34, No. 3) Johannes Morell, muskylman.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Muskleman, conchyta.

† mussel marble n. Obsolete rare rock containing fossil mussel shells.

ΚΠ

1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 414 Besides these Calcareous Marbles, there is a bed of Ironstone..abounding with the impression of Muscle Shells, called Dog-tooth or Muscle Marble.

mussel pecker n. British regional = mussel-picker n. (a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > haematopus ostralegus (oystercatcher)

olive1541

sea-pie1552

sea piet1710

oystercatcher1731

pianet1802

sea-magpie1805

shalder1828

musselcracker1845

oyster-bird1877

mussel pecker1885

mussel-picker1889

oyster-plover1890

sea-pilot1891

1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 188 Mussel pecker.

mussel-picker n. (a) British regional the European oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus; (b) a person who collects mussels.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > haematopus ostralegus (oystercatcher)

olive1541

sea-pie1552

sea piet1710

oystercatcher1731

pianet1802

sea-magpie1805

shalder1828

musselcracker1845

oyster-bird1877

mussel pecker1885

mussel-picker1889

oyster-plover1890

sea-pilot1891

1889 H. Saunders Man. Brit. Birds 543 A common name [for the Oyster-catcher] is ‘Sea Pie’..another equally appropriate term being ‘Mussel-picker’.

1899 J. Colville Sc. Vernacular 9 The mussel scaups and lagoons, dear to..the mussel-picker and the whaup.

1958 S. Plath Mussel Hunter at Rock Harbor (1981) 97 From what the crabs saw, If they could see, I was one Two-legged mussel-picker.

1997 Canad. Geogr. (Nexis) 21 Nov. 26 Once a hole has been chiselled through the snow and ice, the mussel pickers can climb through and get to work.

mussel rake n. rare a rake used for gathering mussels.

ΚΠ

1883 Great Internat. Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 293 A Mussel rake.

mussel rock n. †(a) = mussel marble n. (obsolete); (b) a rock on which mussels are growing.

ΚΠ

1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis iii. i. i. 265 A Piece of white Muscle-Rock. Musculites Saxum.

1986 I. Wedde Symmes Hole (1988) 18 That rim of slime around the mussel rocks, where the sewer pipe outfall is, out from Picton.

mussel scale n. = oyster shell scale n. (a) at oyster shell n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Coccidae or genus Coccus > member of (scale)

scale1822

larch-scale1831

scale-insect1840

mussel scale1853

black scale1880

cottony cushion-scale1886

cushion-scale1886

coccid1892

1853 Zoologist 11 3862 With an especial reference to the ‘mussel-scale’ of the apple.

1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) iv. 127 Many Coccids are well known injurious insects, and the more important include Lepidosaphes ulmi, the Mussel Scale..; Aspidiotus perniciosus, the San Jose Scale; [etc.].

1977 O. W. Richards & R. G. Davies Imms's Gen. Textbk. Entomol. (ed. 10) II. 729 Lepidosaphes ulmi, the Mussel Scale, also belongs here [i.e. in the family Diaspididae].

† mussel-stone n. Obsolete a fossil mussel shell.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > fossil > [noun] > types of

astroite1610

belemnite1646

mussel-stone1660

scallop-stone1668

trochite1676

conchite1677

ophiomorphite1677

pectinite1677

worm-stone1677

musculite1681

serpent-stone1681

sugar-plum1681

glossopetraa1684

ague shell1708

forket1708

mytilite1727

grit1748

phytolithus1761

fairy beads1767

fairy fingers1780

fairy arrow1794

gryphite1794

ram's horn1797

hysterolite1799

tubulite1799

thunder-pick1801

celleporite1808

ceraunite1814

seraph1822

serpulite1828

coprolite1829

subfossil1831

pencil1843

trigonellite1845

buccinite1852

rudist1855

guide fossil1867

witch's cradle1867

coccolith1868

fairy cheeses1869

discolith1871

Portland screw1871

spiniferite1872

cyatholith1875

cryptozoon1883

sabellite1889

palaeospecies1895

homoeomorph1898

rudistid1900

megafossil1932

scolecodont1933

macrofossil1937

hystrichosphere1955

palynomorph1961

acritarch1963

molecular fossil1965

mitrate1967

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Unionidae > member of > shell of

mussel shell?a1439

mussel-stone1660

musculite1681

mytilite1727

1660 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 78 There is an apparent difference between the Muscle stone, and the true Muscle of the sea.

1708 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 79 Musculites, The River Muscle-stone.

1772 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. (ed. 2) V. sig. A4 (Table to plates) Muscle Stone.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mussel
释义	musseln. Brit. /ˈmʌsl/, U.S. /ˈməs(ə)l/ Forms: Old English mucxle, Old English muscell (rare), Old English muscelle, Old English muscule (plural), Old English musscel (rare), Old English muxle, Old English 1600s musle, Old English– muscle (now U.S.), Middle English moscle, Middle English moscolle, Middle English moskle, Middle English moskyll, Middle English muschyl, Middle English muscl, Middle English muskall, Middle English muskele, Middle English muskelle, Middle English muskyl, Middle English musshell, Middle English mwskoll, Middle English–1500s muscul, Middle English–1500s muscule, Middle English–1500s muscull, Middle English–1500s muskyll, Middle English–1500s muskylle, Middle English–1600s muskel, Middle English–1600s muskle, late Middle English mustul, 1500s muskil, 1500s mussil, 1500s mussille, 1500s–1600s 1900s– mussell, 1600s mistle, 1600s mustell, 1600s (North American) 1800s– mussle, 1600s– mussel, 1700s muscel, 1800s musstle (U.S.), 1800s– mushel (regional); Scottish pre-1700 muschell, pre-1700 musel, pre-1700 musele, pre-1700 mussell, pre-1700 mussill, pre-1700 mussyll, pre-1700 mvssill, pre-1700 mwssill, pre-1700 1700s– mussel, pre-1700 1800s mussil, pre-1700 1800s– mussle, 1800s muscle, 1800s musle, 1900s– missel (north-eastern). N.E.D. (1908) also records a form Middle English musselle. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin muscula; French moskle, muscle, musle. Etymology: < post-classical Latin muscula mussel (from 8th cent. in British sources; also musclus (c1320), muskelus (1378)), altered form of classical Latin mūsculus muscle n., in later use reinforced by Anglo-Norman moskle, muscle, muskele, musle, muxle (compare Old French moulle (c1280), Middle French molle (1358), Middle French, French moule (c1393); earlier in Anglo-Norman in form muisle (end of 12th cent.) mistakenly as the name of a fish), also < post-classical Latin muscula. Compare Middle Dutch mosschele, mossele (Dutch mossel), Old Saxon muskula (Middle Low German muschel), Old High German muscula (Middle High German muschel, German Muschel). Compare also Old Occitan muscle (1397), Catalan musclo, muscle, masculine, < classical Latin mūsculus.In Old English the weak feminine noun muscle (and variants) is sometimes found with the endings of the strong feminine ō-stem declension; a strong masculine noun muscell is also occasionally attested. Compare early occurrence in the place name Musselburgh (Midlothian; 1070 as Muselburg). Forms in -t- probably represent reverse spellings after the loss of /t/ between /s/ and syllabic /l/ (noted by orthoepists from the mid 17th cent. onwards, but probably much earlier: see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §406); the isolated late 15th-cent. form mustul, if it is not a transmission error, perhaps represents an early example of this. 1. Any of numerous bivalve molluscs found worldwide, typically having a brown or blackish shell and belonging chiefly to the orders Mytiloida (marine mussels) and Unionoida (freshwater mussels); esp. the common edible marine species Mytilus edulis, which has a slightly elongated, purplish black shell and is cultivated commercially for food. Frequently with distinguishing word.Marine mussels adhere by means of byssus threads to rocks or other firm surfaces, or to each other, often in dense clusters. Freshwater mussels typically lie on the beds of rivers, and some species produce small pearls. A few freshwater and estuarine mussels, such as the zebra mussel, belong to the family Dreissenidae, order Veneroida.horse, meadow, pearl, pond, river, swan mussel, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > shell-fish or mollusc > other edible molluscs musseleOE palour1589 ormer1637 mutton-fish1830 pipia1837 abalone1850 moule1867 toheroa1873 steamer clam1909 praire1929 the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Mytilaceae > member of musseleOE mytilacean1839 the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Unionidae > member of musseleOE palour1589 pearl mussel1607 hena1613 horse-mussel1626 clam1672 clamp1672 pearl shell1781 glam1797 naiad1829 naid1854 unionid1861 zebra mussel1866 hackleback1899 maple leaf1908 monkey-face1936 eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 309 Musculus, muscle. OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 29 Quid capis in mari?.. Ostreas et cancros, musculas, torniculi, [etc.] : hwæt fehst þu on sæ?..Ostran & crabban, muslan, winewinclan, [etc.]. 1298–9 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Early Mayor's Court Rolls (1924) 35 (MED) [A fish called] moscles. 1307 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 4 In muscles empty in villa. 1364 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1929) II. 7 (MED) Hostres, muskeles, cokkes, and welkes. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. x. 94 [A] ferthyng-worth of muscles Were a feste for suche folke. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. pr. v. 33 Oistres and muscles and oothir swich schelle-fyssch of the see. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 46 Fyrst sethe þy mustuls. 1485 in H. E. Holden Cely Papers (1900) 178 Item p^d for brede & mwskollz for the schype iiij^d. a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 556 Garnyshed was her snout Wyth here and there a puscull, Lyke to a scabbyd muscull. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxlvii^v Thilke Margaryte thou desyrest, was closed in a muskle with a blewe shel. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. i. f. 93^v Sea musculs are engendred of such quantitie, that many of them are as brode as buckelers. 1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 120 The Ryver muskles are not for meate. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 466 Thy food shall be The fresh-brooke Mussels . View more context for this quotation 1660 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 174 The Pearl-bearing Muskles are found upon this shore. 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World vii. 173 Here are a great many Perewincles and Muscles. 1740 S. Johnson Drake in Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 601 The Shell of a Muscle of prodigious Size. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth (1862) II. iv. vi. 367 These threads which are usually termed the beard of the mussel. 1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Tillicoultry In the Dovan there are sometimes found muscles containing small pearls. 1810 C. Lamb Let. 12 July in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1978) III. 53 How much more dignified leisure hath a muscle, glued to his unpassable rocky limit, two inch square. 1845 J. Phillips & C. G. B. Daubeny Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. VI. 592/1 Coals..with bands of ‘muscles’. 1875 T. H. Huxley & H. N. Martin Course Elem. Biol. (1883) 107 Under the name of ‘Fresh-water Mussel’ two distinct kinds of animals..are included; namely, the Anodonta and two or three kinds of Unio. 1913 J. London Valley of Moon 376 As the tide grew lower, they gathered a mess of mussels. 1949 R. Duthie Fishing Villages 39 Awa' ti thi' missels i' thi' mornin? 1979 D. Smith Cookery Course II. 450 I love the appearance of mussels: a rich saffron colour and they sit so prettily in their blue, boat-shaped shells. 1997 New Scientist 10 May 14/1 The zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, introduced into the Great Lakes from Europe in 1988, has spread and is blocking industrial water intake pipes. †2. = mussel plum n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > plum > other types of white plumc1330 bullacea1375 myxe?1440 prunelloa1450 bullace-fruit1530 horse plum1530 plum1530 wheat-plum1538 wheaten plum1542 choke-plum1556 pear plum1573 finger plum1577 scad1577 skeg1601 merchant1602 bullace-plum1608 malacadonian1608 prune plum1613 date plum1626 mussel plum1626 amber plum1629 black plum1629 primordian1629 queen mother1629 winter crack1629 myrobalan1630 Christian1651 Monsieur's plum1658 cinnamon-plum1664 date1664 primordial1664 Orleans1674 mirabelle1706 myrobalan plum1708 Mogul1718 mussel1718 Chickasaw plum1760 blue gage1764 magnum bonum1764 golden drop1772 beach-plum1785 sweet plum1796 winesour1836 wild plum1838 quetsch1839 egg-plum1859 Victoria1860 cherry plum1866 bladder-plum1869 prune1872 sour plum1874 Carlsbad plum1885 horse-jug1886 French plum1939 1718 Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts 29 They will blue as well as the Muscles and better than the black Pear-Plums. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. mussel dredge n. rare ΚΠ 1883 Great Internat. Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 13 Mussel Dredge. mussel extract n. ΚΠ 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 492 After the intravascular injection of peptone or leech-extract, or crab or mussel-extract. 2000 Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) (Nexis) 10 Aug. ii. 10 Publicity about the green-lipped mussel extract hyprinol..led many people to believe it was a breakthrough in cancer treatment. mussel farmer n. ΚΠ 1866 Chambers's Jrnl. 22 Sept. 602/2 The quality of the mussel more than the quantity—that influenced Walton to commence as a mussel-farmer. 1991 Herald-Sun (Melbourne) 10 Jan. 11/1 A collective of 18 mussel farmers..have thumbed their noses at tradition by growing juicy mussels in Corio Bay. mussel-gatherer n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > for other shellfish mussel man1459 cockler1769 cockle picker1801 cockle woman1827 mussel-gatherer1859 cockle wife1877 scalloper1887 clammer1888 winkler1889 quahogger1910 1859 A. J. Munby Diary 18 July in D. Hudson Munby (1972) 38 I met the mussel gatherers..fine young women with brown bare limbs. 1994 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) (Nexis) 28 Sept. 16 As all seasoned mussel-gatherers will know, the mussel likes to sit on something solid. mussel farming n. ΚΠ 1866 Chambers's Jrnl. 22 Sept. 601/2 My guide, a..fisherman,..had the whole theory and practice of mussel-farming at his finger-ends. 1991 Herald-Sun (Melbourne) 10 Jan. 11/1 Mussel farming in Victoria has traditionally been concentrated in Port Phillip Bay. mussel-gathering n. In quot. 1999 used as present participle. ΚΠ 1862 Chambers's Encycl. IV. 516/2 In the river Earn..muscle-gathering is quite a trade. 1999 Wiakato Times (Hamilton, N.Z.) (Nexis) 27 Jan. 3 She and Bradley..became trapped by the incoming tide while mussel gathering in the rocks. † mussel-monger n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of provisions > seller of fish or seafood oyster-monger1321 rippier1384 fishera1400 pannierman1419 oyster sellera1425 fish-sellerc1440 pessonera1450 fishmonger1464 pikemonger1464 palingman1475 fish-man1540 jowter1550 mussel-mongera1625 flounder-man1700 periwinkler1837 fish-hawker1866 fish-salesman1868 piscitarian1880 fish-cadger1889 cod walloper1915 a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) iv. 43 Here's a chaine of whitings eyes for pearles, A mussell-monger would have made a better. 1791 G. Huddesford Salmagundi 111 Musclemongers and oystermen, crimps, and coal-heavers. mussel-opener n. ΚΠ 1909 Daily Chron. 25 Sept. 7/6 (advt.) Oyster and mussel opener (young) wanted for evenings. 1995 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 19 June 4 Priscilla Ching is a mussel-opener at Southern Processors and can open 500kg of mussels in an eight-hour day. mussel poisoning n. ΚΠ 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 494 Urticaria is occasionally symptomatic of grave conditions, such as mussell poisoning, infective fevers [etc.]. 1959 Science 129 340 The striking demonstration..of the strength of dinoflagellate toxin responsible for mussel poisoning. 1998 Guardian (Nexis) 10 July 8 Two groups of diners smitten by mussel poisoning have raised fears of a food menace not seen in Britain for 30 years. mussel sauce n. ΚΠ 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 88 Muscle-Sauce made thus is very good. 1877 E. S. Dallas Kettner's Bk. of Table 308 Mussel Sauce.—Proceed as for Oyster Sauce. 2000 Daily Mail (Nexis) 11 Aug. 55 She was so amazed by the pan-fried salmon starter with mussel sauce..that she nearly burst into tears. mussel soup n. ΚΠ 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 77 (heading) A Muscle Soop. 1993 Esquire Nov. 62/2 The menu is short and seasonal, full of uncontrived dishes..such as a mussel soup tinged with saffron. mussel-spawn n. ΚΠ 1902 Chambers's Jrnl. May 277/2 Some seasons the mussel-spawn is pretty much in evidence here. † mussel taker n. Obsolete rare ΚΠ ?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.iij^v Steuen mesyll mouthe muskyll taker. b. mussel-pooled adj. ΚΠ 1946 D. Thomas Deaths & Entrances 9 The mussel pooled and the heron Priested shore. C2. mussel bake n. a social gathering at which a meal of baked mussels is served (cf. clambake n. a). ΚΠ 1939 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Ingleside xxv. 171 Jem hurried home..from a mussel-bake at the Harbour Mouth. 1996 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 10 Aug. 23 Our most treasured memory is a mussel bake over a huge open-air fire while flamenco guitarists serenaded us. mussel band n. Geology a stratum in a coalfield containing fossil mussels or other bivalves. ΚΠ 1845 J. Phillips & C. G. B. Daubeny Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. VI. 590/1 Iron-stone courses are most plentiful in the middle and lower part, where also lie the ‘muscle bands’. 1939 A. Raistrick & C. E. Marshall Nature & Origin Coal Seams ii. 33 The remains of fresh-water or marine shells are less common, forming when they occur in quantity ‘mussel bands’ and ‘marine bands’. 1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles ix. 224 The widespread recognition of the mussel bands from coalfield to coalfield..confirms that the Coal Measures were formerly continuous. mussel bank n. a layer of mussels growing on the seabed; a mussel bed. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Mytilidae > member of (mussel) > mussel bed mussel beda1450 mussel scalp1496 scalp?15.. mussel bank1634 lay1902 1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect i. x. 42 The Bay..will be all flatts for two miles together, upon which is great store of Musclebanckes, and Clam bancks. 1718 Boston News-let. 12 May 2/1 Falling on a Mussel Bank they [sc. 100 coots] choak'd themselves with the Mussels. 1997 Jrnl. Animal Ecol. 66 850 Field data..showed that the intake rate of oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, on a mussel bank decreased with increasing density of conspecifics. † mussel-bind n. Obsolete rare = mussel band n. ΚΠ 1854 F. C. Bakewell Geol. 34 Argillaceous layers, containing numerous shells of fresh-water muscles, called by the miners ‘Muscle-bind’. † mussel boat n. Obsolete (perhaps) a mussel shell used by children for a toy boat. ΚΠ 1575 R. B. Apius & Virginia sig. B A mayde or a Mussell Bote, a wife or a wilde ducke, As bolde as blinde bayerd, as wise as a wood cocke. a1590 Mariage Witt & Wisdome (Shaks. Soc.) ii. 13 So we ware both put into a mussellbote, And came saling in a sowes yeare ouer sea into Kent. 1612 R. Daborne Christian turn'd Turke sig. C2 Poore fishers brat, that neuer didst aspire Aboue a musle boate. mussel crab n. a pea crab; esp. Pinnotheres maculatus, which lives in the shell of the mussel Mytilus edulis. ΚΠ 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Mussel Mussel crab, a pea-crab (Pinnotheres maculatus). 1910 Encycl. Brit. VII. 356/2 The little ‘mussel-crabs’..live within the shells of mussels and other bivalve mollusca. 1932 Biol. Bull. 63 310 (title) Temperature and light as factors influencing the rate of swimming of the larvæ of the mussel crab, Pinnotheres maculatus Say. mussel-crusher n. South African = musselcracker n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sparidae (sea-breams) > [noun] > sparodon durbanensis (biskop) steenbras1791 biskop1902 musselcracker1905 mussel-crusher1905 1905 East London Daily Disp. (S. Afr.) 6 Nov. 7/4 Judging by the enormous incisors, and the perfect pavement of rounded molars with which the jaws of these white steenbras are armed, these fish live largely upon shell-fish, hence the local name mussel cracker and the Durban name mussel crusher. 1930 C. L. Biden Sea-angling Fishes of Cape xviii. 256 Mussel-Crusher or Mussel-Cracker. mussel digger n. U.S. (a) the grey whale, Eschrichtius robustus (rare); (b) a machine for digging mussel-mud. ΚΠ 1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 213 It being difficult to capture them, they have a variety of names among whalemen, as..‘Muscle-digger’, ‘Hard-head’, &c. 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Mussel Mussel-digger,..a machine for digging mussel-mud. 1949 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 43 Suppl. 185 Any whale known by the name of gray whale, California gray, devil fish, hard head, mussel digger [etc.]. mussel duck n. a duck which feeds on mussels, esp. a scaup. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya marila (scaup) smeath1622 smee1668 scaup-duck1676 bluebill1792 scaup1798 greyback1824 raft duck1824 mussel duck1864 1864 J. C. Atkinson List Provinc. Names Birds Mussel Duck... Scaup Duck. Fuligula marila. 1893 H. T. Cozens-Hardy Broad Norfolk (Eastern Daily Press) 48 The mussel ducks allers lay off the North Beach in the dead of winter. 1950 A. W. Boyd Coward's Birds Brit. Isles (rev. ed.) 2nd Ser. 29 The bird [sc. the Common Sheld-Duck] is often called the ‘Sheldrake’, irrespective of sex, or ‘Shell-duck’ or ‘Mussel-duck’, from its food. mussel-eater n. (a) a person who eats mussels; (b) U.S. rare, the freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens.Sense (b) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1852 Westm. Rev. New Ser. 1 52 The number of persons killed or wounded by this virulent though savory mollusk, is but small; almost minute when compared with the number of mussel-eaters. 1890 Cent. Dict. Mussel-eater, the buffalo perch, Aplodinotus grunniens. 1992 Sci. Amer. May 85/3 Physicians traced the toxin to locally cultured blue mussels. Ultimately, three people died of the toxin, and 107 other mussel-eaters reported symptoms. mussel farm n. a place where mussels are cultivated commercially. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > mussel-bed mussel beda1450 mussel farm1866 1866 Chambers's Jrnl. 22 Sept. 600/2 In order to see the mussel-farm it is necessary first to get to Paris. 1997 Shetland Times 21 Nov. 8/2 Planners have given the go-ahead for a mussel farm to be established at the Holm of East Burrafirth in Aith Voe. † mussel man n. Obsolete a man who gathers mussels. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > for other shellfish mussel man1459 cockler1769 cockle picker1801 cockle woman1827 mussel-gatherer1859 cockle wife1877 scalloper1887 clammer1888 winkler1889 quahogger1910 1459 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 34, No. 3) Johannes Morell, muskylman. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Muskleman, conchyta. † mussel marble n. Obsolete rare rock containing fossil mussel shells. ΚΠ 1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 414 Besides these Calcareous Marbles, there is a bed of Ironstone..abounding with the impression of Muscle Shells, called Dog-tooth or Muscle Marble. mussel pecker n. British regional = mussel-picker n. (a). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > haematopus ostralegus (oystercatcher) olive1541 sea-pie1552 sea piet1710 oystercatcher1731 pianet1802 sea-magpie1805 shalder1828 musselcracker1845 oyster-bird1877 mussel pecker1885 mussel-picker1889 oyster-plover1890 sea-pilot1891 1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 188 Mussel pecker. mussel-picker n. (a) British regional the European oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus; (b) a person who collects mussels. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > haematopus ostralegus (oystercatcher) olive1541 sea-pie1552 sea piet1710 oystercatcher1731 pianet1802 sea-magpie1805 shalder1828 musselcracker1845 oyster-bird1877 mussel pecker1885 mussel-picker1889 oyster-plover1890 sea-pilot1891 1889 H. Saunders Man. Brit. Birds 543 A common name [for the Oyster-catcher] is ‘Sea Pie’..another equally appropriate term being ‘Mussel-picker’. 1899 J. Colville Sc. Vernacular 9 The mussel scaups and lagoons, dear to..the mussel-picker and the whaup. 1958 S. Plath Mussel Hunter at Rock Harbor (1981) 97 From what the crabs saw, If they could see, I was one Two-legged mussel-picker. 1997 Canad. Geogr. (Nexis) 21 Nov. 26 Once a hole has been chiselled through the snow and ice, the mussel pickers can climb through and get to work. mussel rake n. rare a rake used for gathering mussels. ΚΠ 1883 Great Internat. Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 293 A Mussel rake. mussel rock n. †(a) = mussel marble n. (obsolete); (b) a rock on which mussels are growing. ΚΠ 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis iii. i. i. 265 A Piece of white Muscle-Rock. Musculites Saxum. 1986 I. Wedde Symmes Hole (1988) 18 That rim of slime around the mussel rocks, where the sewer pipe outfall is, out from Picton. mussel scale n. = oyster shell scale n. (a) at oyster shell n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Coccidae or genus Coccus > member of (scale) scale1822 larch-scale1831 scale-insect1840 mussel scale1853 black scale1880 cottony cushion-scale1886 cushion-scale1886 coccid1892 1853 Zoologist 11 3862 With an especial reference to the ‘mussel-scale’ of the apple. 1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) iv. 127 Many Coccids are well known injurious insects, and the more important include Lepidosaphes ulmi, the Mussel Scale..; Aspidiotus perniciosus, the San Jose Scale; [etc.]. 1977 O. W. Richards & R. G. Davies Imms's Gen. Textbk. Entomol. (ed. 10) II. 729 Lepidosaphes ulmi, the Mussel Scale, also belongs here [i.e. in the family Diaspididae]. † mussel-stone n. Obsolete a fossil mussel shell. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > fossil > [noun] > types of astroite1610 belemnite1646 mussel-stone1660 scallop-stone1668 trochite1676 conchite1677 ophiomorphite1677 pectinite1677 worm-stone1677 musculite1681 serpent-stone1681 sugar-plum1681 glossopetraa1684 ague shell1708 forket1708 mytilite1727 grit1748 phytolithus1761 fairy beads1767 fairy fingers1780 fairy arrow1794 gryphite1794 ram's horn1797 hysterolite1799 tubulite1799 thunder-pick1801 celleporite1808 ceraunite1814 seraph1822 serpulite1828 coprolite1829 subfossil1831 pencil1843 trigonellite1845 buccinite1852 rudist1855 guide fossil1867 witch's cradle1867 coccolith1868 fairy cheeses1869 discolith1871 Portland screw1871 spiniferite1872 cyatholith1875 cryptozoon1883 sabellite1889 palaeospecies1895 homoeomorph1898 rudistid1900 megafossil1932 scolecodont1933 macrofossil1937 hystrichosphere1955 palynomorph1961 acritarch1963 molecular fossil1965 mitrate1967 the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Unionidae > member of > shell of mussel shell?a1439 mussel-stone1660 the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Mytilidae > member of (mussel) > shell of > fossil mussel-stone1660 musculite1681 mytilite1727 1660 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 78 There is an apparent difference between the Muscle stone, and the true Muscle of the sea. 1708 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 79 Musculites, The River Muscle-stone. 1772 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. (ed. 2) V. sig. A4 (Table to plates) Muscle Stone. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). musselv. Brit. /ˈmʌsl/, U.S. /ˈməs(ə)l/ Inflections: Past tense and past participle musselled, musseled; Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mussel n. Etymology: < mussel n. Now rare. transitive (in passive). To be poisoned by eating mussels. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > be poisoned [verb (intransitive)] > by infected food mussel1852 1852 Westm. Rev. New Ser. 1 52 One man ‘musselled’, however, makes more noise in the world than a million unharmed. 1886 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 407 Once or twice in a lifetime, the mussel-eater is ‘musseled’, i.e. poisoned more or less dangerously. 1933 M. Lowry Ultramarine vi. 267 She couldn't breathe: couldn't do nothing. Musselled, she was, proper. 2002 www.eastfish.org 29 July (O.E.D. Archive) Bivalve shellfish..have also long been known to be potential agents in transmitting human diseases, some very serious, such as typhoid and cholera, and others relatively mild... In English, there is an expression, fortunately not much used today, to be ‘musseled’, with a sick stomach. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOEv.1852
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musseln.

Compounds

musselv.