Nagan.¹

Brit.

/ˈnɑːɡə/, U.S.

/ˈnɑɡə/

Forms: 1700s Nag, 1800s– Naga. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit nāga.

Etymology: < Sanskrit nāga serpent, snake, part-snake part-human creature, perhaps cognate with snake n. 1. In form Nag in quot. 1785 reflecting elision of the final vowel in colloquial South Asian pronunciation. Compare Naja n.

Indian Mythology.

A member of a race of semi-divine creatures, often part-snake, associated with rivers, rain, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > other deities > [noun] > Indian or Hindu > lesser deities

Naga1785

yaksha1785

sura1795

yogini1810

yakkha1837

apsara1865

1785 C. Wilkins tr. Bhăgvăt-Gēētā 151 The Nāgs are serpents fabled with many heads.

1810 E. Moor Hindu Pantheon 391 On the other side of Nandi, or the bull, is Naga; his hooded head upreared; his length coiled under him.

1828 H. H. Wilson in Asiatic Researches 16 462 Kulika is one of the eight chiefs of the Nágas, or serpents of Pátála.

1832 C. Coleman Mythol. Hindus i. xiii. 254 The fifth lunar day of Sravana is held sacred to the Nagas.

1875 M. Williams Indian Wisdom xiv. 430 All the Nāgas are described as having jewels in their heads.

1909 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics II. 809/1 Nāgas are figured on numberless sculptures all over India, and in popular tales they and their beautiful daughters play an important part.

1948 P. J. Thomas Epics, Myths & Legends of India (ed. 3) x. 86 The Nagas are said to be..mortal enemies of their half-brother Garuda.

1967 V. Ions Indian Mythol. 117/2 The Nagas called upon Vishnu to save them, and he descended to Patala in the form of Narmada (personification of a river).

1992 World (BBC) Apr. 20/1 Hindus believe the Ganga flows into the nether world, the sea, which is inhabited by the nagas, the semi-divine water spirits.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Nagan.²

Brit.

/ˈnɑːɡɑː/, U.S.

/ˈnɑˌɡɑ/

Forms: also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi nāgā.

Etymology: < Hindi nāgā < Sanskrit nagnaka naked, naked mendicant < the Indo-European base of naked adj.

In India: a naked mendicant; spec. such an ascetic belonging to a Hindu sect whose members were allowed to carry arms and serve as mercenaries.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > [noun] > beggar > Muslim or Hindu (religious)

fakir1609

sanyasi1613

calender1638

Pandaram1710

Naga1828

dandy1832

society > faith > church government > monasticism > friar > [noun] > Hindu

Pandaram1710

gosainc1774

Naga1828

1828 H. H. Wilson in Asiatic Researches 16 80 The Dádu Pant'his are of three classes... The Nágas, who carry arms, which they are willing to exercise for hire, and, amongst the Hindu princes, they have been considered as good soldiers.

1828 H. H. Wilson in Asiatic Researches 16 135 Nagas. All sects include a division under this denomination... They carry their secession from ordinary manners so far as to leave off every kind of covering.

1879 Rajputana Gazetteer 2 147 The Nágas of Jaipur are a sect of militant devotees belonging to the Dádu Panthi sect, who are enrolled in regiments to serve the State; they are vowed to celibacy and to arms.

1917 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics IX. 123/1 All these Jaipur Nāgās are vowed to celibacy, and their numbers are replenished by children placed by parents under their charge as disciples.

1993 V. Seth Suitable Boy (1994) xi. 766 Tamils and Kashmiris, saffron-clad sadhus and naked nagas, all jostled together.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Nagan.³adj.

Brit.

/ˈnɑːɡə/, U.S.

/ˈnɑɡə/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, Nagas.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit nagna.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps ultimately < Sanskrit nagna naked (see Naga n.²), with reference to the practice among various peoples of the area of wearing few or no clothes. Compare Bengali nāṅgā (in early Bengali also lāga < *nāga) naked.The name first occurs as Hellenistic Greek Ναγγα λόγαι (Ptolemy Geography 7.2.18), describing a people of India dwelling on the far side of the Ganges as far as the Maiandros mountains. Ptolemy adds the translation ‘which means they go around naked’, presuming a derivation < Sanskrit nagna loka naked people. Compare also Persian Nāng , denoting both the Naga Hills and the Naga tribes (1662 in the passage translated in quot. 1872 at sense A. 1). Various alternative etymologies have been proposed, including, among the local languages, Ao nok, noka people and Kacha naga young man, warrior.

A. n.³

1. A member of a group of peoples living in or near the Naga hills of Burma (Myanmar) and in north-eastern India; a native or inhabitant of Nagaland, a state in north-eastern India.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > other peoples of India > person

Jat1622

Maratha1744

Moplah1787

Mleccha1793

Gurkha1811

Swati1815

Naga1835

Manipuri1837

Malayali1856

Ho1860

Mahsud1873

Adivasi1941

1835 R. B. Pemberton Rep. Eastern Frontier Brit. India i. 14 The Murams..occupy the tract of country between Assam and Muneepoor; the Kupooees, known in Bengal by the term Nagas,..reside on the several ranges of hills between the latter country and Cachar.

1837 J. M'Cosh Topogr. Assam xiv. 156 The next border tribes met with in proceeding westward are the Nagas... The Nagas go literally naked in their hills.

1872 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 41 i. 84 The Rájah had first intended to fly to the Nágá Hills, but from fear of our army, the Nágás would not afford him an asylum.

1890 R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads (1892) 17 We've chivied the Naga an' Looshai, we've give the Afreedeeman fits.

1964 R. Perry World of Tiger xiv. 207 A man-eater..killed fifty-two Nagas in eight months.

1973 Times 14 Nov. 18/3 The Nagas are a group of 20 tribes of Sino-Tibetan origin, now numbering about half a million.

1992 Financial Sunday Express (New Delhi) 13 Sept. 6/6 The once alienated Nagas, Mizos, and Bodos have been drawn into the mainstream.

2. Any of the Tibeto-Burman languages of the Naga, comprising a subgroup of the Kuki-Chin branch of Tibeto-Burman. Also: this group of languages as a whole.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Sino-Tibetan > [noun] > Tibeto-Burman > Burmic

Manipuri1837

Naga1853

1853 Jrnl. Indian Archipel. & Eastern Asia 7 55 Several of the adjacent languages—Kyen, Heuma, Naga &c., have v, f, or both.

1886 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 7 345 Mr. Clark..published..a brief vocabulary of what he called the Zungī or Zwingī dialect of Naga.

1909 G. A. Grierson Ling. Surv. India III. ii. 11 Between Nāgā and Tibetan we find several dialects which have been put together as the North Assam Group.

1928 Jrnl. & Proc. Royal Asiatic Soc. Bengal 1926 22 236 (title) Folk stories in Lhota Naga.

1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 334/1 North of the Chin languages extend two further groups of related languages..grouped by linguists as ‘Naga’ and ‘Konyak’.

B. adj.

Of or relating to the Naga people or their languages.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > other peoples of India

Gentoo1672

Maratha1742

Mewati1832

Toda1834

Naga1835

Sindhi1836

Yusufzai1838

Ahom1848

Dogra1849

Lushai1862

Meo1880

Rai1899

Moplah1910

1835 R. B. Pemberton Report Eastern Frontier Brit. India 60 The Naga village of Chumokhootee.

1874 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 3 481 Mr Hyde Clarke remarked that the Naga languages were well deserving of study.

1899 R. C. Dutt tr. Maha-bharata (new ed.) viii. 111 Brave Iravat, son of Arjun, whom a Naga princess bore!

1903 G. A. Grierson Ling. Surv. India III. ii. (title) Specimens of the Bodo, Nāgā, and Kachin groups.

1971 N. Rustomji Enchanted Frontiers xvi. 257 At a mammoth meeting held by the Nagas at Mokokchung in October 1959, known as the Third Naga People's Convention, a demand was formulated for the constitution of the Naga hills as a new State within the Indian Union, to be named Nagaland.

1995 Scotsman 21 Oct. (WeekEnd section) 45/5 Ursula Graham Bower, hailed as a goddess by the Burmese Naga tribe for her courage in defending them against the advancing Japanese.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

nagan.⁴

Brit.

/ˈnɑːɡə/, U.S.

/ˈnɑɡə/, Australian English

/ˈnʌːɡə/

Forms: 1900s– naga, 1900s– narga, 1900s– nargar, 1900s– narger.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Wuna. Or (ii) a borrowing from Yulparija. Etymons: Wuna naga; Yulparija naga.

Etymology: < Wuna (Northern Territory) naga (a1879 as naker in J. W. Ogilvie-Bennet Vocab. of Woolner 55, glossed ‘clothing, covering general’) or Yulparija (Western Australia) naga (also as naka).The reduplicated form naga-naga is also occasionally attested.

Australian.

A loincloth of the kind worn by Australian Aboriginal people.

ΚΠ

1907 A. Searcy In Austral. Tropics 81 I..paid them [sc. Aboriginal workers] with tobacco and rice, and Turkey-red for the women for nargers (waist cloths).

1938 X. Herbert Capricornia 29 A young lubra wearing nothing but a naga of paper-bark rose and came forward shyly.

1959 D. Lockwood Crocodiles & Other People 82 A dozen natives, men and women, in brief nargas or no clothes at all.

1981 A. Marshall Australia 52 He had a loose naga (loin cloth) around his loins.

2000 A. Goode For Love of the Land 181 We'd be back in our traditional gear and out in the field again, putting on our naga, having a big ceremony.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

n.¹1785

n.²1828

n.³adj.1835

n.⁴1907

单词	naga
释义	Nagan.¹ Brit. /ˈnɑːɡə/, U.S. /ˈnɑɡə/ Forms: 1700s Nag, 1800s– Naga. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit nāga. Etymology: < Sanskrit nāga serpent, snake, part-snake part-human creature, perhaps cognate with snake n. 1. In form Nag in quot. 1785 reflecting elision of the final vowel in colloquial South Asian pronunciation. Compare Naja n. Indian Mythology. A member of a race of semi-divine creatures, often part-snake, associated with rivers, rain, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > other deities > [noun] > Indian or Hindu > lesser deities Naga1785 yaksha1785 sura1795 yogini1810 yakkha1837 apsara1865 1785 C. Wilkins tr. Bhăgvăt-Gēētā 151 The Nāgs are serpents fabled with many heads. 1810 E. Moor Hindu Pantheon 391 On the other side of Nandi, or the bull, is Naga; his hooded head upreared; his length coiled under him. 1828 H. H. Wilson in Asiatic Researches 16 462 Kulika is one of the eight chiefs of the Nágas, or serpents of Pátála. 1832 C. Coleman Mythol. Hindus i. xiii. 254 The fifth lunar day of Sravana is held sacred to the Nagas. 1875 M. Williams Indian Wisdom xiv. 430 All the Nāgas are described as having jewels in their heads. 1909 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics II. 809/1 Nāgas are figured on numberless sculptures all over India, and in popular tales they and their beautiful daughters play an important part. 1948 P. J. Thomas Epics, Myths & Legends of India (ed. 3) x. 86 The Nagas are said to be..mortal enemies of their half-brother Garuda. 1967 V. Ions Indian Mythol. 117/2 The Nagas called upon Vishnu to save them, and he descended to Patala in the form of Narmada (personification of a river). 1992 World (BBC) Apr. 20/1 Hindus believe the Ganga flows into the nether world, the sea, which is inhabited by the nagas, the semi-divine water spirits. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Nagan.² Brit. /ˈnɑːɡɑː/, U.S. /ˈnɑˌɡɑ/ Forms: also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi nāgā. Etymology: < Hindi nāgā < Sanskrit nagnaka naked, naked mendicant < the Indo-European base of naked adj. In India: a naked mendicant; spec. such an ascetic belonging to a Hindu sect whose members were allowed to carry arms and serve as mercenaries. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > [noun] > beggar > Muslim or Hindu (religious) fakir1609 sanyasi1613 calender1638 Pandaram1710 Naga1828 dandy1832 society > faith > church government > monasticism > friar > [noun] > Hindu Pandaram1710 gosainc1774 Naga1828 1828 H. H. Wilson in Asiatic Researches 16 80 The Dádu Pant'his are of three classes... The Nágas, who carry arms, which they are willing to exercise for hire, and, amongst the Hindu princes, they have been considered as good soldiers. 1828 H. H. Wilson in Asiatic Researches 16 135 Nagas. All sects include a division under this denomination... They carry their secession from ordinary manners so far as to leave off every kind of covering. 1879 Rajputana Gazetteer 2 147 The Nágas of Jaipur are a sect of militant devotees belonging to the Dádu Panthi sect, who are enrolled in regiments to serve the State; they are vowed to celibacy and to arms. 1917 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics IX. 123/1 All these Jaipur Nāgās are vowed to celibacy, and their numbers are replenished by children placed by parents under their charge as disciples. 1993 V. Seth Suitable Boy (1994) xi. 766 Tamils and Kashmiris, saffron-clad sadhus and naked nagas, all jostled together. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Nagan.³adj. Brit. /ˈnɑːɡə/, U.S. /ˈnɑɡə/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, Nagas. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit nagna. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps ultimately < Sanskrit nagna naked (see Naga n.²), with reference to the practice among various peoples of the area of wearing few or no clothes. Compare Bengali nāṅgā (in early Bengali also lāga < nāga) naked.The name first occurs as Hellenistic Greek Ναγγα λόγαι* (Ptolemy Geography 7.2.18), describing a people of India dwelling on the far side of the Ganges as far as the Maiandros mountains. Ptolemy adds the translation ‘which means they go around naked’, presuming a derivation < Sanskrit nagna loka naked people. Compare also Persian Nāng , denoting both the Naga Hills and the Naga tribes (1662 in the passage translated in quot. 1872 at sense A. 1). Various alternative etymologies have been proposed, including, among the local languages, Ao nok, noka people and Kacha naga young man, warrior. A. n.³ 1. A member of a group of peoples living in or near the Naga hills of Burma (Myanmar) and in north-eastern India; a native or inhabitant of Nagaland, a state in north-eastern India. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > other peoples of India > person Jat1622 Maratha1744 Moplah1787 Mleccha1793 Gurkha1811 Swati1815 Naga1835 Manipuri1837 Malayali1856 Ho1860 Mahsud1873 Adivasi1941 1835 R. B. Pemberton Rep. Eastern Frontier Brit. India i. 14 The Murams..occupy the tract of country between Assam and Muneepoor; the Kupooees, known in Bengal by the term Nagas,..reside on the several ranges of hills between the latter country and Cachar. 1837 J. M'Cosh Topogr. Assam xiv. 156 The next border tribes met with in proceeding westward are the Nagas... The Nagas go literally naked in their hills. 1872 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 41 i. 84 The Rájah had first intended to fly to the Nágá Hills, but from fear of our army, the Nágás would not afford him an asylum. 1890 R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads (1892) 17 We've chivied the Naga an' Looshai, we've give the Afreedeeman fits. 1964 R. Perry World of Tiger xiv. 207 A man-eater..killed fifty-two Nagas in eight months. 1973 Times 14 Nov. 18/3 The Nagas are a group of 20 tribes of Sino-Tibetan origin, now numbering about half a million. 1992 Financial Sunday Express (New Delhi) 13 Sept. 6/6 The once alienated Nagas, Mizos, and Bodos have been drawn into the mainstream. 2. Any of the Tibeto-Burman languages of the Naga, comprising a subgroup of the Kuki-Chin branch of Tibeto-Burman. Also: this group of languages as a whole. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Sino-Tibetan > [noun] > Tibeto-Burman > Burmic Manipuri1837 Naga1853 1853 Jrnl. Indian Archipel. & Eastern Asia 7 55 Several of the adjacent languages—Kyen, Heuma, Naga &c., have v, f, or both. 1886 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 7 345 Mr. Clark..published..a brief vocabulary of what he called the Zungī or Zwingī dialect of Naga. 1909 G. A. Grierson Ling. Surv. India III. ii. 11 Between Nāgā and Tibetan we find several dialects which have been put together as the North Assam Group. 1928 Jrnl. & Proc. Royal Asiatic Soc. Bengal 1926 22 236 (title) Folk stories in Lhota Naga. 1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 334/1 North of the Chin languages extend two further groups of related languages..grouped by linguists as ‘Naga’ and ‘Konyak’. B. adj. Of or relating to the Naga people or their languages. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > other peoples of India Gentoo1672 Maratha1742 Mewati1832 Toda1834 Naga1835 Sindhi1836 Yusufzai1838 Ahom1848 Dogra1849 Lushai1862 Meo1880 Rai1899 Moplah1910 1835 R. B. Pemberton Report Eastern Frontier Brit. India 60 The Naga village of Chumokhootee. 1874 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 3 481 Mr Hyde Clarke remarked that the Naga languages were well deserving of study. 1899 R. C. Dutt tr. Maha-bharata (new ed.) viii. 111 Brave Iravat, son of Arjun, whom a Naga princess bore! 1903 G. A. Grierson Ling. Surv. India III. ii. (title) Specimens of the Bodo, Nāgā, and Kachin groups. 1971 N. Rustomji Enchanted Frontiers xvi. 257 At a mammoth meeting held by the Nagas at Mokokchung in October 1959, known as the Third Naga People's Convention, a demand was formulated for the constitution of the Naga hills as a new State within the Indian Union, to be named Nagaland. 1995 Scotsman 21 Oct. (WeekEnd section) 45/5 Ursula Graham Bower, hailed as a goddess by the Burmese Naga tribe for her courage in defending them against the advancing Japanese. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). nagan.⁴ Brit. /ˈnɑːɡə/, U.S. /ˈnɑɡə/, Australian English /ˈnʌːɡə/ Forms: 1900s– naga, 1900s– narga, 1900s– nargar, 1900s– narger. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Wuna. Or (ii) a borrowing from Yulparija. Etymons: Wuna naga; Yulparija naga. Etymology: < Wuna (Northern Territory) naga (a1879 as naker in J. W. Ogilvie-Bennet Vocab. of Woolner 55, glossed ‘clothing, covering general’) or Yulparija (Western Australia) naga (also as naka).The reduplicated form naga-naga is also occasionally attested. Australian. A loincloth of the kind worn by Australian Aboriginal people. ΚΠ 1907 A. Searcy In Austral. Tropics 81 I..paid them [sc. Aboriginal workers] with tobacco and rice, and Turkey-red for the women for nargers (waist cloths). 1938 X. Herbert Capricornia 29 A young lubra wearing nothing but a naga of paper-bark rose and came forward shyly. 1959 D. Lockwood Crocodiles & Other People 82 A dozen natives, men and women, in brief nargas or no clothes at all. 1981 A. Marshall Australia 52 He had a loose naga (loin cloth) around his loins. 2000 A. Goode For Love of the Land 181 We'd be back in our traditional gear and out in the field again, putting on our naga, having a big ceremony. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹1785n.²1828n.³adj.1835n.⁴1907
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Nagan.1

Nagan.2

Nagan.3adj.

nagan.4

Nagan.¹

Nagan.²

Nagan.³adj.

nagan.⁴