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单词 muru
释义

murun.

Brit. /ˈmʊəruː/, U.S. /ˈmʊˌru/, New Zealand English /ˈmuru/, /ˈmʊruː/, /ˈmuəruː/
Origin: A borrowing from Maori. Etymon: Maori muru.
Etymology: < Maori muru to plunder, wipe out, forgive.A noun use is not recorded in H. W. Williams Dict. Maori Lang. (ed. 7, 1971). The verb use in English is much later than the noun, and probably derived from it rather than directly from the Maori.
New Zealand. Now historical.
A Maori raid undertaken as a compensation or reprisal for an offence against the community.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > raid > [noun]
roadeOE
skeck1297
chevacheec1380
forayc1400
reisea1450
raid1455
bodrag1537
skeg1542
reid1544
inroad1548
outroad1560
excursion1577
excurse1587
bodraging1590
cavalcade1591
chevachance1592
chivancy1616
algaradea1649
course1651
outrakea1765
commando1791
razzia1821
muru1836
chappow1860
night raid1872
1836 J. A. Wilson Jrnl. 24 Aug. in Missionary Life & Work N.Z. (1889) iii. 48 We were told the events which led to the burning of the mission station, and the muru which followed.
1863 F. E. Maning Old N.Z. vii. 96 There were in the old times two great institutions..in Maori land—the Tapu and the Muru. Pakehas..called the muru simply ‘robbery’... But I speak of the regular legalized and established system of plundering, as penalty for offences.
1905 W. Baucke Where White Man Treads 32 Hiakai.., forgetting the rules of muru, crashed it [sc. the tomahawk] into his enemy's skull.
1961 in H. Williams Early Jrnls. 20 Altogether the year was a very troubled one, with many rumours of the death of Hongi, who had been wounded at Whangaroa, and consequent threats of muru.
1995 Sunday Star-Times (Auckland) 24 Dec. c6 Traditionally, compensation or muru was demanded from Maori who committed any form of offence against the community.

Compounds

General attributive, as muru party, muru raid, etc.
ΚΠ
1904 E. Tregear Maori Race 103 The plantations were far apart, for fear that either an enemy's war party or a friendly plundering (muru) party might ruin the results.]
1905 W. Baucke Where White Man Treads 29 I should first sneak away such valuables as I could conveniently hide, and stolidly awaiting the muru party, console my dejection that the fates..had singled me..out for the distinguished honour of a muru raid.
1948 G. M. Henderson Taina 177 The muru party arrived at Rangi's house and awaited the signal.
2000 Jrnl. Econ. Issues (Nexis) Mar. 34 103 (note) The tales of great blood kin muru raids, which came in waves and lasted months, so that the offending tribe could appropriately provision for future muru parties, were retold with pride.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

muruv.

Brit. /ˈmʊəruː/, U.S. /ˈmʊˌru/, New Zealand English /ˈmuru/, /ˈmʊruː/, /ˈmuəruː/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: muru n.
Etymology: < muru n. (see etymology note at that entry).
New Zealand. Now historical.
transitive. To exact compensation from (a person) in accordance with the custom of muru.
ΚΠ
1843 E. Dieffenbach Trav. N.Z. II. 374 Muru, forgive, rob, spoil, bruise.]
1904 E. Tregear Maori Race 139 If a man allowed one of his boy children to get hurt, the tribe would muru the father for the loss..since the boy probably would have been a future warrior.
c1920 J. H. Beattie Trad. Lifeways Southern Maori (1994) 275 So the people went there and muru'd him (but there was not much to take, gravely added the narrator).
1948 G. M. Henderson Taina 33 If you give her what she deserves, her family come and muru you.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1836v.1904
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更新时间:2024/11/10 23:14:59