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单词 murmur
释义

murmurn.

Brit. /ˈməːmə/, U.S. /ˈmərmər/
Forms: Middle English murmore, Middle English murmoure, Middle English 1600s–1800s murmer, Middle English–1600s murmor, Middle English–1600s (1800s archaic) murmure, Middle English–1700s murmour, Middle English– murmur; Scottish pre-1700 mowrmour, pre-1700 murmoir, pre-1700 murmor, pre-1700 murmour, pre-1700 murmoure, pre-1700 murmwr, pre-1700 murmwre, pre-1700 mwrmwr, pre-1700 1700s murmure, pre-1700 1700s– murmur. N.E.D. (1908) records also forms Middle English mormor, Middle English mormur.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French murmure; Latin murmur.
Etymology: Partly < Middle French, French murmure indistinct expression of feeling by a number of people (c1170 in Old French), subdued expression of discontent (c1200), muted noise (c1230), sound of a light breeze (1555), respiratory murmur (1819 in passage translated in quot. 1821 at sense 5) < murmurer murmur v.; and partly < its ultimate etymon classical Latin murmur a low, continuous sound, a subdued or indistinct utterance, such an utterance indicative of anger or resentment, a reduplicated imitative formation (see murmur v. for possible cognates). Compare Anglo-Norman murmure, murmur trouble, disturbance.Compare post-classical Latin murmurium (6th cent.), Old Occitan murmuri (c1235), Spanish murmurio (c1240; c1236 as mormorio), Portuguese murmúrio (17th cent.; 15th cent. as murmuro, mormuuriio, 14th cent. as murmuiro, 13th cent. as mormoyro), Italian mormorìo (c1300).
1.
a. The expression of discontent or anger in subdued tones; muttered or indistinct complaint or grumbling, esp. on the part of a crowd, populace, etc. Now only in without murmur, sense 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > state of complaining > [noun] > action of complaining
yomeringc1000
grutching?c1225
plainingc1300
complaintc1384
murmurc1385
murmurationc1390
groiningc1405
grudgingc1420
musinga1425
querimonyc1450
storming1461
mutteringc1475
grudge1477
grunching1487
murmuringc1530
muting1542
repining1550
orpingc1598
maundering1611
oggannition1625
jowering1628
remonstrating1647
regrudginga1677
complaining1702
pesting1705
yammering1705
growling1752
pine1804
gruntling1834
bitching1939
griping1945
pissing1947
bitch1975
kitchen-sinking1975
c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 2459 Myn [sc. Saturn's] is..The murmur and the cherles rebellyng.
c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 506 Murmure..is ofte amonges seruauntz that grucchen whan hire souereyns bidden hem to doon leueful thynges.
c1430 (c1380) G. Chaucer Parl. Fowls 520 Nature, which that alwey hadde an ere To murmur of the lewednesse behynde, With facound voys seyde, ‘Hold your tonges there!’
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 92 And [they] began to make grete bewaylinges and murmure vpon Appollo.
a1586 R. Maitland Complaint aganis Lang. Law-suites in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. clxxiv. 429 Sair is the recent murmur and regrat Amang the leges rysin off the lait.
1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 127 He endeavoured..to avoyde scandall, murmur, and the punishment wherewith the Judge threatned him.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 95. ⁋1 Persons in the married State..pine away their Days, by looking upon the same Condition in Anguish and Murmur.
1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Seventh 37 Instinct, than Reason, makes more wholsome Meals, And sends all-marring Murmur far away.
b. An instance of murmuring; an expression of discontent in subdued voices, esp. on the part of a crowd. Chiefly in plural.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > state of complaining > [noun] > a complaint
plainta1275
groinc1374
complaintc1385
murmura1393
grutchc1460
plainc1475
yammer?a1513
puling?1529
objecting1552
obmurmuration1571
regratea1586
repine1593
grumblinga1616
grumble1623
dissatisfactionc1640
obmurmuring1642
rumbling1842
natter1866
grouch1895
beef1900
holler1901
squawk1909
moan1911
yip1911
grouse1918
gripe1934
crib1943
bitch1945
drip1945
kvetch1957
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 1389 In myn herte I am desesed: With many a Murmur, god it wot.
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 45/1 Done..to none other entente, but to brynge all the Lordes in obloquie and murmure of the people.
1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar iv. ii. 54 Some discontent [sic] there are; some idle murmurs.
1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. xxiii. 302 She hated having visitors in the house..and lovers were of all people the most disagreeable. Such were the gentle murmurs of Mrs. Bennet. View more context for this quotation
1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. xii. 472 The murmurs of the people reached the king in Normandy.
1928 W. H. Auden Poems (1930) 52 Most, as was expected, were obedient, Though there were murmurs, of course.
1988 B. Chatwin Utz 15 People..wouldn't raise a murmur against the Party or State.
c. without (a) murmur: without grumbling or dissent, uncomplainingly.
ΚΠ
1553 Prymmer or Bk. Priuate Prayer sig. U.iiv That I maye without murmur or grutch paciently beare this thy fatherly chastisement.
1629 F. Hubert Hist. Edward II 42 To make new Creatures, Is the Princes due, And without murmur let him haue his owne.
a1687 C. Cotton Poems (1689) 543 Thy soft slumber'd-charmed, Spirits lye Dumb, without murmur at his Tyranny.
c1779 R. Cumberland in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 410 I take events as they fall without murmur or complaint.
1782 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur Lett. from Amer. Farmer xii. 283 Shall those few survivors..wait for death at the foot of some tree, without a murmur..for the good of the cause?
1838 J. L. Stephens Incidents Trav. Greece, Turkey, Russia 24/1 I should have..given up the remnant of my stock of borrowed money without a murmur.
1905 Baroness Orczy Scarlet Pimpernel xvi. 156 That I should accept without murmur or question..every action of my mistress.
1992 M. Clynes White Rose Murder (BNC) 141 Padding silently behind our horses without murmur or protest.
2. A low continuous sound, esp. as produced by water, wind, etc.In quot. 1523: (apparently) a fanciful name for a group of minstrels.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > faintness or weakness > [noun] > faint or weak sound > murmuring sound
murmuringc1385
murmur?a1425
murmell1535
babblea1592
muttering1613
huma1616
mussitation1649
simmering1689
croon1725
babbling1736
brool1837
brooling1837
brum1842
babblement1860
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 187 In that vale, heren men often tyme..grete murmures and noyses alle dayes and nyghtes.
a1450 (?1420) J. Lydgate Temple of Glas (Tanner) (1891) 533 (MED) Within þe tempil me þouȝt þat I sey Gret pres of folk, with murmur wondirful.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 270 With that there come in..A murmur of mynstrels.
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Eijv Ech shadow makes him stop, ech murmour stay. View more context for this quotation
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme xlvi. 10 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 40 Lo, a Riuer streaming ioy, With purling murmur saflie slides.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge v. iii. sig. I3v Making lowde murmur, with confused dinne.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 68 One whose drouth Yet scarce allay'd still eyes the current streame, Whose liquid murmur heard new thirst excites. View more context for this quotation
1723 J. Henley Lett. XVII. 95 A chamber..is adjoining to it; where you are not sensible of the prating of Servants, the murmur of the Sea, [etc.].
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 96 The murmur of a troubled sea.
1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein III. iii. 56 I heard only the sound of the boat, as its keel cut through the waves; the murmur lulled me, and in a short time I slept soundly.
1853 M. Arnold Scholar Gipsy in Poems (new ed.) 202 All the live murmur of a summer's day.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 38 Finding neither light nor murmur there.
1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 48 The murmur of the running brooks.
1917 E. Wharton Summer vi. 79 The sun had grown hot, and behind them was the noonday murmur of the forest.
1974 F. Forsyth Dogs of War iii. xx. 348 The mechanical noise emanating from the engine casings could..be reduced to a low murmur by the muffling boxes.
1987 F. Wyndham Other Garden ii. 26 The continual murmur of moving water around and below me.
3. A rumour. †in murmur: rumoured, whispered abroad (obsolete).In later use often with connotation of disapproval; cf. sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > rumour > [noun]
speechc1000
wordOE
hearinga1300
opinion1340
talesa1375
famea1387
inklinga1400
slandera1400
noising1422
rumour?a1425
bruit1477
nickinga1500
commoninga1513
roarc1520
murmura1522
hearsay?1533
cry1569
scandal1596
vogue1626
discourse1677
sough1716
circulation1775
gossip1811
myth1849
breeze1879
sound1899
potin1922
dirt1926
rumble1929
skinny1938
labrish1942
lie and story1950
scam1964
he-say-she-say1972
factoid1973
ripple1977
goss1985
the mind > language > speech > conversation > [adjective] > of or relating to chat > of or relating to gossip or rumour > rumoured
in murmura1522
rumoured1592
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) ii. vi. 2 In seyr placis..The murmur rays ay mair and mair I wys And clerar wolx the rumour and the dyne.
1556 W. Lauder Compend. Tractate Dewtie of Kyngis (1864) 425 Gret murmour is, and mony sayis, That sum Solistars..Vincusis Laweris in thare cause.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. ii. 28 'Twas fresh in murmure..That he did seeke the loue of faire Oliuia. View more context for this quotation
1776 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (rev. ed.) IV. 117 Some murmur of these matters may come to her ear.
1894 ‘A. Hope’ Prisoner of Zenda xvi Great murmurs had arisen in Strelsau at my continued absence from the city.
2000 Times 3 Aug. i. 26/3 Better than expected results from Proctor & Gamble in the U.S. filip, but most attention was focused on murmurs of a major announcement on internal restructuring.
4. A word or sentence spoken softly or indistinctly; faint or barely audible speech, esp. among a crowd or assembly; the subdued expression of a particular feeling by a group of people.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > [noun] > murmuring or muttering
blabberingc1375
mammeringa1425
mumblingc1440
mumming1440
rumbling1440
mutteringc1475
buzzing1532
momblishness1532
hummel-bummel1537
murmuration1541
mumblement1595
babblinga1599
hummering1637
mutter1637
fumble1647
murmur1704
admurmuration1727
slurring1806
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xi. 181 That kind of Murmur which usually shews how the House stands inclined.
1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer iv. 77 What, billing, exchanging stolen glances, and broken murmurs.
1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein I. vii. 169 A murmur of approbation was heard; but it was excited by her generous interference, and not in favour of poor Justine.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. xii. 201 His speech was the softest murmur.
1877 J. D. Chambers Divine Worship Eng. 88 Whilst in Choir let there be no murmur heard among the Clerks.
1903 J. London Call of Wild vi. 184 Murmurs of admiration at his splendid appearance went up.
1941 R. Warner Aerodrome xii. 194 There was a low murmur of conversation as we expressed to each other our relief at this improvement in our conditions.
1968 C. Brooke-Rose Between 6 The murmur of the talking delegates as they wait in rows of desks..fills the great congress hall.
2001 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 7 Feb. 9 The tortellini, a perfect pasta parcel of fresh fish presented in a scallop shell, also prompted murmurs of approval.
5. Medicine. Any of various auscultatory sounds; (originally) the quiet rustling sound of normal respiration (more fully respiratory murmur); (later) spec. any of various adventitious sounds of cardiac or vascular origin, sometimes of no significance but sometimes caused by valvular lesions of the heart or other diseases of the circulatory system (frequently in heart murmur).Also with distinguishing word indicating the cause, timing, quality, etc., of the sound.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sounds heard in body > [noun] > sounds heard in auscultation
bombus1753
hydatism1753
pectoriloquism1820
murmur1821
resonance1821
snoring1822
thrill1822
râle1825
pectoriloquy1826
respiration1826
rhonchus1827
bronchophonism1834
bronchophony1834
hum1839
tick-tack1853
friction-sound1860
friction-fremitus1877
sibilus1887
1821 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest ii. 290 We hear, during inspiration and expiration, a slight but extremely distinct murmur, answering to the entrance of the air into, and its expulsion from, the air cells of the lungs.
1828 Glasgow Med. Jrnl. 1 72 The respiratory murmur is often rendered fainter, and it is accompanied and obscured by certain râles, or unnatural sounds.
1851 W. H. Walshe Dis. Lungs & Heart 212 Sounds of adventitious origin and properties produced either within or on the surface of the heart, are termed Murmurs.
1876 J. S. Bristowe Treat. Theory & Pract. Med. ii. iv. 556 Distinct pulsatile tumours, attended with more or less thrill and often with a murmur.
1895 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 4 206 Of the 63 refused certificates..there were 14 children with spinal curvature, 12 with heart murmur [etc.].
1907 Practitioner Oct. 467 Even when it travels directly downwards, in the same line as the pulmonary murmur, it [sc. an aortic murmur] travels much further.
1921 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 12 Feb. 434/1 Such a conception will explain a murmur of regurgitation in early systole.
1952 P. Bowles Let it come Down i. i. 14 Although Dyar knew he had a heart murmur, he..imagined..that he would be given some useful wartime work.
1988 G. Naylor Mama Day 106 I caught rheumatic fever when I was a kid, and now I have a murmur.

Compounds

murmur diphthong n. Phonetics a diphthong ending with a weak vowel.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [noun] > diphthong
diphthong1483
bivocal1813
parasite-diphthong1888
rising diphthong1888
murmur diphthong1892
1892 H. Sweet New Eng. Gram. I. 234 There is another class of murmur diphthongs ending in (ə), as in hear, here (hiə), fare, faire (feə).
1933 O. Jespersen Essent. Eng. Gram. ii. 26 There are three kinds of diphthongs in English: (1) full (long-distance) diphthongs... (2) slow (short-distance) diphthongs... (3) murmur-diphthongs ending in the indistinct central vowel [ə]: [iə] as in peer, [ɛə] as in pair, [etc.].
1965 A. D. Cordts Phonics xii. 228 Today every basic reading system..recognizes the ‘short’ and ‘long’ vowel sounds, the diphthongs, the so-called murmur diphthongs and ‘digraphs’, [etc.].
murmur vowel n. Phonetics a glide or weak vowel; = schwa n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [noun] > types of
naso-vocal1669
sheva1818
union vowel1821
shut sound1841
cardinal vowel1851
u-sound1852
neutral vowel1868
O1869
wide1870
vincular1871
indeterminate vowel1873
u-vowel1886
orinasal1887
pharyngal1887
glide-vowel1888
schwa1895
murmur vowel1910
murmured vowel1933
1910 Mod. Lang. Rev. 5 91 A back-modified glide or murmur vowel develops between a long vowel and a back-lateral.
1957 S. Potter Mod. Ling. i. 27 The inhabitants of Birmingham..call their city [bə:miŋgəm], but Londoners call it [bə:miŋəm]... Midlanders raise the velum against the wall of the pharynx and make a plosion with the back of the tongue upon it before passing from agma to the murmur-vowel, whereas the people of London keep the nasal pharynx open at this juncture.
1966 A. Wijk Rules Pronunc. for Eng. Lang. iv. 64 The murmur vowel is..very common in both open and closed syllables when the stress falls on the immediately following syllable.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

murmurv.

Brit. /ˈməːmə/, U.S. /ˈmərmər/
Forms: Middle English murmer, Middle English–1700s murmure, Middle English– murmur, 1500s mormour, 1500s murmoure, 1500s–1600s murmour, 1500s– murmer (now poetic), 1600s murmore, 1600s (1800s U.S.) murmor; Scottish pre-1700 muremure, pre-1700 murmer, pre-1700 murmour, pre-1700 murmure, pre-1700 murmwr, pre-1700 murmwre, pre-1700 murmyr, pre-1700 mwrmwr, pre-1700 1700s– murmur.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French murmurer; Latin murmurāre.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman murmurer to complain, grumble, Middle French murmurer to complain, grumble (first half of the 12th cent. in Old French), to utter in a subdued voice (1176), to talk in a subdued voice (13th cent.), to make a low continuous sound (c1200) and its etymon classical Latin murmurāre to make a low continuous sound, to speak in an indistinct voice, to utter in subdued tones, to grumble, complain < murmur murmur n. Compare Spanish murmurar, mormurar (1220–50), Portuguese murmurar (late 13th cent.), Italian mormorare (a1292). Perhaps ultimately < the same base as classical Latin murmur and murmurāre are: Middle Dutch murmuren, murmeren (Dutch murmelen), Middle Low German murmelen, murmulen, murmeren, Old High German murmurōn, murmulōn to murmur (Middle High German murmern, murmeln, German murmeln), ancient Greek μορμύρειν to boil up (as the waves), Sanskrit marmara (adjective and noun) rustling, Lithuanian murmėti to mutter, murmur, babble, murmuliuoti to boil, mutter, murmur.
1.
a. intransitive. To complain in low muttered tones; to give voice to an inarticulate discontent; to grumble. Frequently with at, against. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > state of complaining > complain [verb (intransitive)]
murkeOE
misspeakOE
yomer971
chidea1000
murkenOE
grutch?c1225
mean?a1300
hum13..
plainta1325
gruntc1325
plainc1325
musea1382
murmurc1390
complain1393
contrary1393
flitec1400
pinea1425
grummec1430
aggrudge1440
hoinec1440
mutterc1450
grudge1461
channerc1480
grunch1487
repine1529
storm?1553
expostulate1561
grumblea1586
gruntle1591
chunter1599
swagger1599
maunder1622
orp1634
objurgate1642
pitter1672
yelp1706
yammer1794
natter1804
murgeon1808
groan1816
squawk1875
jower1879
grouse1887
beef1888
to whip the cat1892
holler1904
yip1907
peeve1912
grouch1916
nark1916
to sound off1918
create1919
moana1922
crib1925
tick1925
bitch1930
gripe1932
bind1942
drip1942
kvetchc1950
to rag on1979
wrinch2011
c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 507 Seruauntz..dar nat openly with seye the comaundementz of hire souereyns; yet wol they seyn harm and grucche and murmure pryuely for verray despit.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 29065 (MED) Quen yee fast..bes noght Als ypocrites murmurand [Galba mornand] in thoght.
c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 1870 (MED) Þat gart þem be grochand and murmerand in þer mode.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 61 The peple murmure and ryse agayn theyr lord.
1525 W. Warham Let. 5 Apr. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. I. 371 It hathe been shewed me..that the people sore grudgethe and murmureth.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxvv The capitaines of his Nauy murmured against hym.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxxixv Dyd oppugne, and wyth yll woordes murmur at the doyng thereof.
1611 Bible (King James) John vi. 43 Jesus..said vnto them, Murmure not among your selues. View more context for this quotation
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 443 The multitude hereupon, murmured cruelly against Count Solmes.
1711 J. Swift Argument abolishing Christianity in Misc. Prose & Verse 174 The Gentlemen of Wit and Pleasure are apt to murmur, and be choqued at the sight of so many daggled-tail Parsons.
1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. II. 11 Those veteran legions..began to murmur for not having received the rewards which they had expected.
1833 Tracts for Times No. 13. 4 They murmuring and rebelling with the Shechinah before their eyes.
1895 T. Hardy Jude iii. iii. 175 At this the seventy murmured, the sentence being, they thought, too severe.
b. transitive. Scottish. To complain against; to criticize the actions of (a person); to accuse. Now only in to murmur a judge: to cast aspersions on the integrity of a judge.it is heavily murmured that: there is great discontent or complaint that (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > criticize [verb (transitive)]
reprehendc1400
murmur1424
discommenda1500
belack1531
to find fault (with, at)c1540
scan?c1550
fault1563
pinch1567
to lift or move a lip1579
raign1581
reflect1605
criminate1645
criticize1652
nick1668
critic1697
chop1712
stricture1851
to get on to ——1895
chip1898
rap1899
nitpick1956
1424 in A. O. Ewing View Merchants House Glasgow (1866) 12 [That it is] hevely murmurit that all craftismen..usis sic extorsionis.
1478 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 209 Nevyr to murmur Abbot na conuent or ellis frely to gyfe our his tak.
1518 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 178 Gif thai had murmurit him without caus thai to be ponist siclyke.
a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) vi. 1490 A fellown tyrand he wes forthi Cald and murmwryd oppynly.
1543–4 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 54 The thing I did wes for gude quhowbeit I be murmurit saikleslie.
1558–9 Statutes Sc. Church (1907) 159 It is havelie murmurit and complenit be the fewars of kirkland that thai are compellit [etc.].
1579 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) III. 152/2 That he wald gif na credite to ony man that wald muremure the saidis lordis..be doing of wrang and vnhonestie.
1656 in J. A. Clyde Hope's Major Practicks (1937) I. 3 It wes murmured as ane noveltie that a dead man should be accuised.
1676 J. Lauder Hist. Notices (Bannatyne Club) 120 Any who, without reason, misrepresented or murmured Judges and Magistrats for doing their offices.
1718 Laws & Judicatures of Scotl. 4 This Author's Business is to decry the Laws of his Country, to murmur (as the Scots Statutes call it) the Judges.
1797 D. Hume Punishment of Crimes II. 72 It is an undoubted point of dittay..to defame or, as it is termed in our ancient laws, to murmur any magistrate or judge.
1871 C. T. Couper Rep. High Court Justiciary 1868–70 1 404 An indictment charged a panel..under the Statute 1540, cap. 104, with murmuring a Judge.
1951 Scotsman 3 Mar. 5/3 Dorothy Arnold..appeared in Glasgow Sheriff Court yesterday..in connection with an unusual charge of murmuring..Judges.
1996 D. M. Walker Legal Hist. Scotl. IV. xiii. 509 Slandering or murmuring judges was punishable.
2. intransitive. To talk in a hushed or indistinct voice; to make a low continuous sound.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > faintness or weakness > sound faintly or quietly [verb (intransitive)] > make murmuring sounds
murmurc1395
croona1500
mustle1570
mute1570
simmera1637
hummer1691
remurmur1697
hum1730
mummer1763
whimper?1795
mutter1797
brum1844
rumour1894
c1395 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 204 Dyuerse folk..murmured as dooth a swarm of been.
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 182 (MED) Howndes gon abayinge up on him, murmuringe with here teth.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) v. vii. 41 The Troianys with hym sammyn..Murmuryt and bemyt on the ilke wys.
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. Ev All the companie began to murmur, and euery man to prepare his eye for so miraculous an obiect.
1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis xi. 231 From the rock a spring, With streames of Lethe softly murmuring, Purles on the pebbles, and inuites Repose.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 389 In Groves we live; and lye on mossy Beds. By Crystal Streams, that murmur through the Meads.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 393. ¶2 I have not heard a Bird sing, nor a Brook murmur.
1776 R. Chandler Trav. Greece iii. 12 A south-easterly wind.., blowing fresh, and murmuring amusively among the pines.
1802 S. T. Coleridge Picture 56 Listening only to the pebbly brook That murmurs with a dead, yet tinkling sound.
1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xiv. 229 Their conversation murmured around her unheeding ears.
1898 W. K. Johnson Terra Tenebrarum 107 Where the tall pine-trees murmur round the homestead.
1905 Baroness Orczy Scarlet Pimpernel xxxi. 300 So strange a sound was it, that the gentle breeze ceased to murmur.
1990 K. Frank Chainless Soul: Life E. Brontë iii. 63 They began to weave the secret web of their ‘bed plays’, murmuring to each other long into the night.
3.
a. transitive. To utter (sounds, words) in a subdued or indistinct voice. Formerly also: †to put about, whisper (a rumour, etc.) (obsolete). Also with clause as object.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > mutter or mumble
muttera1425
mumblec1450
murmurc1460
blabber?a1513
palter?1548
fumble1555
flummer1563
chaw1570
buzz1583
mumpa1586
demurmurate1641
loll1655
muttera1690
swallowa1791
sough1821
hummera1860
lip1887
mum-mumble1917
potato-mouth1937
rhubarb1958
c1460 De Regimine Principum 273 Al the warld murmuris thou art bocht.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) John vii. 32 And it came to the Pharises eares, that ye people murmured soch thinges of him.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. iv. 48 I by thee haue watcht, And heard the murmur [1623 murmore], tales of yron wars. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) i. v. 25 Hee's speaking now, Or murmuring, where's my Serpent of old Nyle, (For so he cals me). View more context for this quotation
1637 J. Milton Comus 10 Fell Charybdis murmur'd soft applause.
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 37 The reproaches I made him were murmur'd in so soft a tone..that he could not but presume his forgiveness was at no desperate distance.
1799 W. Wordsworth Poet's Epit. 39 He murmurs near the running brooks A music sweeter than their own.
1834 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last Days of Pompeii II. iii. i. 9 He is murmuring curses on the temple, be sure.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxviii. 304 Gabriel murmured out something about its being very pretty.
1897 G. Allen Type-writer Girl x. 111 A clerk..murmured something inaudible about ‘conditions of sale’.
1908 E. M. Forster Room with View i. 15 They murmured that one could not be too careful with a young girl.
1987 Woman's Own 6 June 49/1 Jim..was wonderful. He kept murmuring nice things in my left ear.
b. transitive. With direct speech as object.
ΚΠ
1796 M. G. Lewis Monk II. vi. 180 ‘Ambrosio!’ she murmured, in a soft and trembling voice.
1860 W. Collins Woman in White (new ed.) I. 149 ‘You are very kind to me,’ she murmured. ‘As kind now as you were then.’
1998 A. Ashworth Once in House on Fire (1999) i. 11 He murmured, ‘You're not going to tell mum, are you?’
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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