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单词 mure
释义

muren.adj.2

Forms: Old English mur, Middle English–1600s mure.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin mūrus; French mur; French mure.
Etymology: In Old English < classical Latin mūrus wall, especially a wall built for defence, also applied to a person who serves as a defence (see mere n.2); in later use probably independently < Anglo-Norman and Middle French: probably partly < Anglo-Norman and Middle French mur (late 10th cent. in Old French; French mur ; < classical Latin mūrus ), and partly < Anglo-Norman and Middle French mure (12th cent. in Old French), probably < post-classical Latin mura , neuter plural (recorded in 1277, but probably earlier), alteration of classical Latin mūrus . Compare mure v.Attested as an element in surnames from the late 13th cent., as John le Murward (1274).
Obsolete.
A. n.
A wall. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > wall
wallc900
mureOE
mural?1473
OE Crist III 1142 Scire burstan muras ond stanas.
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 135 He..fortefied the Cyte of Troye with mures & towrs.
c1475 Magnificencia Ecclesie in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1909) 24 698 (MED) Sacrylege & simony..doþ þe toures meue; And where þe mures be meuyng, þe werk must myscheue.
a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) II. 41 Rogerus le Poure..cast a great Dike without it, and made a false Mure without the Dike.
1577 D. Settle True Rep. Voy. Frobisher sig. Bv At our first comming, the streightes seemed to be shutt vp with a long mure of yce.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 119 Th'incessant care and labour of his mind, Hath wrought the Mure that should confine it in. View more context for this quotation
1651 Bp. J. Taylor Clerus Domini 3 There was never any people but had their Priests..and kept holy things within a mure.
1658 R. Brathwait Honest Ghost 29 Rampiers he reares, Fortes, Bulwarks, Palisadoes, Mures, Countermures.
B. adj.2
As postmodifier: = mural adj.1 1. Only in crown-mure.See also mure-crowned adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > [noun] > decorations or orders > crowns and wreaths
naval crown?a1439
civil crowna1522
civic garland1542
obsidional crown1546
oval1614
civic crown1649
olive crown1679
crown-mure1682
rostral crown1686
stephane1847
1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece iii. 264 A Figure, with a Crown-mure, with these Letters about it.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

mureadj.1

Brit. /mjʊə/, /mjɔː/, U.S. /ˈmjʊ(ə)r/
Forms: Middle English meur, Middle English meure, Middle English mewre, Middle English moyre, Middle English mure, Middle English mver; English regional (chiefly East Anglian) 1700s– muir, 1700s– mure, 1800s mewer, 1900s– mew. N.E.D. (1908) also records forms meuer, mur.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French meur.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French meur ripe (c1165 in Old French), due, considered (c1200), staid, sedate, mature, adult (early 13th cent.; Middle French, French mûr , feminine mûre ) < classical Latin mātūrus mature adj.With mure deliberation (see sense 2) compare Anglo-Norman mere deliberation (1397).
Now English regional (chiefly East Anglian).
1. Grave, modest, demure. Now only in mure-hearted: see Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > [adjective]
simplec1300
measurablec1330
methec1390
murec1390
smallc1405
soleinc1450
timorous1474
modest1561
unbragging1570
unboldened1591
unpresuming1607
bragless1609
unambitious1621
boastless1632
unpompous1656
verecundous1656
sober1659
tender-foreheaded1659
unpragmatical1673
unpretending1681
unpresumptuous1704
unimportant1727
unaspiringa1729
inambitious1729
unassuming1730
unostentatiousa1739
unboastful1744
pretensionless1748
unarrogating1748
uncontending1748
unopinionated1775
unboasting1802
underbearing1802
mousy1812
un-ultra1817
unarrogant1831
low-flying1835
unconceited1838
unpretentious1838
uninflated1861
unvain1863
unbumptious1865
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > seriousness or solemnity > [adjective]
seinec1330
sober1362
unfeastlyc1386
murec1390
unlaughter-milda1400
sadc1400
solemnyc1420
solemned1423
serious1440
solemnc1449
solenc1460
solemnel?1473
moy1487
demure1523
grave1549
staid1557
sage1564
sullen1583
weighty1602
solid1632
censoriousa1637
(as) grave (also solemn, etc.) as a judge1650
untriumphant1659
setc1660
agelastic1666
austere1667
humourless1671
unlaughing1737
smileless1740
untriflinga1743
untittering1749
steady1759
dun1797
antithalian1818
dreich1819
laughterless1825
unsmiling1826
laughless1827
unfestive1844
sober-sided1847
gleeless1850
unfarcical1850
mome1855
deedy1895
button-down1959
buttoned-down1960
straight-faced1975
c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 28 (MED) Boxum me make wiþ-oute feyning..Meur wiþ-outen greuoushed, And Murie wiþ-outen wyldehed.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 254 (MED) Benignite, þat is, to suffere & to be mure & noȝt veniable, ne holde wratthe in herte.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 7678 Moyre and sobyr in worde and dede.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 358 (MED) Heyl moder of mercy and mayde most mure.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 83 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 97 Ye plesant pacok..manswet & mure [1568 Bannatyne demure].
1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 228 Mewer, modest—unassuming—demure.
2. Mature, considered. Only in mure deliberation. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [adjective] > weighed mentally, considered > with due deliberation
ripec1230
mure deliberation1442
mature1454
studieda1616
1442 T. Bekington Let. in G. Williams Mem. Reign Henry VI (1872) II. 215 Your said counseille..purposen by commune and mure deliberacion t'acertaine your said Mageste of such inconvenients.
c1500 Melusine (1895) xxiv. 160 He purueyed of remede by good & meure deliberacion of his counseill.
3. Of grain: ripe.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [adjective] > ripe
ripeOE
murea1500
sheaf-ripe1879
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 85 (MED) Take..of greynes Meures [L. maturis]..two vnces.

Compounds

mure-hearted adj. tender-hearted; meek-spirited.
ΚΠ
1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) (at cited word) Muir, or Mure-hearted, tender-hearted. Suff.
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) II. 226 Mure-hearted, soft-hearted; meek-spirited, easily moved to pity or to tears.
1900 Cornhill Mag. June 816 I recollect when I was drawn for the Militia in 1820, and sent to Yarmouth, how mure-hearted the other man was.
1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 198/2 Mure-hearted, too kind and generous and soft-hearted for one's own good.
mure-mouthed adj. Obsolete rare mild-spoken.
ΚΠ
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) II. 226 Mure-mouthed, using soft words.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

murev.

Brit. /mjʊə/, /mjɔː/, U.S. /ˈmjʊ(ə)r/
Forms: late Middle English mewre, late Middle English– mure, 1500s mowre, 1500s muryed (past participle).
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French murer; Latin murare.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French murer to surround with walls, to build walls, to wall up, to protect oneself as if with walls (late 12th cent. in Old French) and its etymon post-classical Latin murare to surround, fortify with a wall, provide with a wall (late 4th cent.; from 8th cent. in British sources), to wall up (1511 in a British source) < classical Latin mūrus wall (see mure n.).
1. transitive. To wall in, to surround with a wall or walls; to fortify; = immure v. 1. Also with in, up. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > defensive walls > wall [verb (transitive)]
bewall1250
wall1297
mure?a1425
immure1605
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > enclose with a wall
wall1297
mure?a1425
upwallc1440
enwall1523
dikec1575
immure1605
circle-mure1606
circummurea1616
immurala1680
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 185 (MED) He had let muren all the mountayne aboute with a strong wall.
?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. ff.iii But sapyence with her wordes me mured With walles of comfort makynge me mery.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxl*. f. lxxiiii Howsis Castellis and Townes strongely muryd.
1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. lii. 230 All other Abbies are strongly walled and mured about.
1780 tr. U. von Troil Lett. on Iceland 189 This bath, which is large enough to contain 50 persons at one time, is mured in with a wall of basalt.
2.
a. transitive. To shut up (a person) within walls; to imprison; to confine as in a prison or fortress; = immure v. 2. Frequently with up. Also figurative.Some examples refer to the walling up in cells of people condemned to death by starvation, and of anchorites (who were fed through a hole in the wall).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)]
beloukOE
loukOE
sparc1175
pena1200
bepen?c1225
pind?c1225
prison?c1225
spearc1300
stopc1315
restraina1325
aclosec1350
forbara1375
reclosea1382
ward1390
enclose1393
locka1400
reclusea1400
pinc1400
sparc1430
hamperc1440
umbecastc1440
murea1450
penda1450
mew?c1450
to shut inc1460
encharter1484
to shut up1490
bara1500
hedge1549
hema1552
impound1562
strain1566
chamber1568
to lock up1568
coop1570
incarcerate1575
cage1577
mew1581
kennel1582
coop1583
encagea1586
pound1589
imprisonc1595
encloister1596
button1598
immure1598
seclude1598
uplock1600
stow1602
confine1603
jail1604
hearse1608
bail1609
hasp1620
cub1621
secure1621
incarcera1653
fasten1658
to keep up1673
nun1753
mope1765
quarantine1804
peg1824
penfold1851
encoop1867
oubliette1884
jigger1887
corral1890
maroon1904
to bang up1950
to lock down1971
a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) 644 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 425 (MED) Withynne an Arche a-twixe two pillerys, They mured him up, where he lay many yerys.
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 73 (MED) After he toke & fond the knyȝt with his wyf, he kylde hym, and dyde his wyf to be mewred and putte in pryson perpetuel.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 642/1 It is a payne to be mured up in a stone wall lyke an anker.
1611 Bible (King James) Josh. x. (heading) The fiue Kings are mured in a caue. View more context for this quotation
1671 H. Oldenburg tr. F. Bernier Hist. Late Revol. Empire Great Mogol I. 258 The women were mured up, where they died of hunger and misery.
1800 Spirit of Public Jrnls. 3 104 Some youth, once mur'd in squalid city jails.
1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest II. xii. 264 [They] are not a little tired of being mured up in the cottage.
1888 A. Rives Quick or Dead (1889) vii. 82 They could never voluntarily have mured themselves in labyrinths of brick and stone during these late autumn days.
1908 J. Payne Carol & Cadence 90 My little garden glows in the grip of the grim Old walls, Like a white thought mured in a dream of misery dim.
2008 K. Swift Morville Hours 133 Keeping the bees mured up in their hives.
b. transitive (reflexive). To shut oneself up.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (reflexive)] > confine
spara1240
mew1581
immure1586
mure1608
to shut ina1684
1608 Bp. J. Hall Epist. I. i. v An English-man, so madly devout, that he had wilfully mur'd up himselfe as an Anachoret.
1893 W. Black Handsome Humes I. i. 16 She said it was a pity he mured himself up in his college at Oxford.
3.
a. transitive. To block or wall up (a door, gate, etc.). Usually with up. Also in extended use. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close an aperture or orifice > gates or doors
mure1487
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 164 Thai or day, throu mekill pane, Had mwryt vp the ȝet agane.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxcviii. 689 Let vs enclose ourselfe in this towne, and mure vp all our gates.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xv. 68 Such fleshy partes..do..as it were mure vp, and stop the passage.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. xii. sig. Kk3v He tooke a muzzell strong Of surest yron..; Therewith he mured vp his mouth along. View more context for this quotation
a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) II. 159 The Arteries, And organizéd flesh may faculties Perhaps obstruct; or sometimes mure the way.
1673 Bp. S. Parker Reproof Rehearsal Transprosed 519 Mure up your school doors.
a1678 A. Marvell Last Instr. to Painter in Coll. Poems on Affairs of State (1689) iii. 11 The Court all meditates To fly to Windsor, and mure up the Gates.
1807 J. Barlow Columbiad vii. 274 There lodge their tons of powder and retire, Mure the dread passage, wave the fatal fire.
b. transitive. With up. To wall up the doors of (a building, etc.); to block the means of access to. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place)
steeka1250
shut1340
to shut in1390
spear1445
seclude1451
to shut up1530
mure1550
block1630
lock1773
to lock up1824
seal1931
to sew up1962
to lock down1980
1550 R. Bowes in J. C. Hodgson Hist. Northumberland: Pt. III (1828) II. 200 The said utter courde were best, as me think, to be mowred upp.
1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 124 Why not adjourn the Term, mure up Westminster-hall [etc.].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.2OEadj.1c1390v.?a1425
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