mukhtarn.

Brit.

/ˈmʊktɑː/, U.S.

/ˈmʊktɑr/,

/ˈmuktɑr/

Forms: 1800s mokhtar, 1800s– mookhtar, 1800s– mukhtar, 1900s– muhtar, 1900s– muktar; also (in sense 2) 1800s– mookhtyar, 1800s– muktear, 1900s– mooktear, 1900s– mukhtear.

Origin: Of multiple origins. A borrowing from Arabic. Partly a borrowing from Turkish. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Etymons: Arabic muḵtār; Turkish muhtar; Urdu muḵtār.

Etymology: < Arabic muḵtār, passive participle of iḵtāra to select, choose. In sense 2 via Urdu muḵtār (also with pronunciation muḵtyār ); in sense 1 partly via Turkish muhtar.Forms in sense 2 with -k- and -ear , -yar are due to Indian vernacular pronunciation, especially in Marathi (compare Marathi muktyār , muḵtyār (1831)) and Bengali, arising by folk etymology under the influence of Sanskrit (and vernacular) mukti release (see mukti n.) and the common vernacular agent suffix -ār.

1. Originally in the late Ottoman Empire and subsequently in Turkey and certain other successor states: the headman or local government chief of a town, district, village, or tribe. Also: a minor provincial official.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > in Turkey

potestate1585

mukhtar1786

1786 J. Scott tr. I. Khan Memoirs 18 Mukhtar Khan, the soubadar,..sunk all the boats in the Jumna, and placed guards at the nearest fords. [Note at Mukhtar] Anglicé, Powerful lord.

1873 Cornhill Mag. Apr. 415 Whatever its creed, each village [in Anatolia] manages its own affairs, chooses, by an irregular sort of election, its own ‘Mukhtar’, or headman.

1879 E. J. Davis Life in Asiatic Turkey ix. 233 At 10.30 a.m. we came to the village of Tchaian, and halted at the house of the mukhtar (head man).

1916 T. E. Lawrence Lett. (1938) 209 Two Mukhtars and two prominent sheikhs.

1954 F. Stark Ionia 65 The mukhtar and the doctor from Pitane..came to give the city's welcome.

1963 J. F. Kolars Tradition, Season, & Change in Turkish Village iv. 85 Bahtili's muhtar is a young and industrious man with a good deal of ambition for himself and his village.

1998 R. Stone Damascus Gate ii. xli. 332 The old man claimed to be a mukhtar of the Nawar people, the local tribe of gypsies.

2. In India, from the early 19th to the mid 20th cent.: an authorized agent; an attorney or solicitor. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > legal representative or agent

procurera1325

attorney-general1597

procureur1604

trampler1608

attorney universal1637

man of business1779

businessman1798

mukhtar1801

1801 Answers of Judges of Sarun 16 Dec. in Answers of Judges of Circuit in Parl. Papers 1812–13 IX. 235 The principal inhabitants of this district..do not give themselves the trouble of acquiring a knowledge of the laws and regulations of Government, which they leave entirely to their vakeels or mokhtars.

1834 A. Prinsep Baboo I. xvii. 290 The most busy personages of this multitude, were the mookhtars, or those native attorneys, who are to be found in abundance at every public office, ready to take up the business of any applicant.

1878 G. Graham Life in Mofussil I. iv. 90 The mookhtyars, or Criminal Court attorneys, teaching the witnesses what to say in their respective cases.

1885 T. H. Lewin Fly on Wheel 336 The wily Bengal muktears, or attorneys, were the bane of the Hill Tracts.

1937 W. H. Saumarez Smith Let. 14 Aug. in Young Man's Country (1977) ii. 85 He..is..far too friendly with the pleaders and mukhtears, trusting their words against the magistrates.

1972 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 31 311 The Act [sc. the Advocates Act of 1961] abolished for most jurisdictions a variety of terms that had come into use at different times and in different parts of India, e.g., pleaders, barristers, mukhtars, revenue agents, vakils.

Derivatives

ˈmukhtarship n. rare the status or office of a mukhtar.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > in Turkey > position of

mukhtarship1946

1946 A. Koestler Thieves in Night 122 The British rulers had always appointed the most distinguished member of each of the two clans to dual mukhtarship.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mukhtar
释义	mukhtarn. Brit. /ˈmʊktɑː/, U.S. /ˈmʊktɑr/, /ˈmuktɑr/ Forms: 1800s mokhtar, 1800s– mookhtar, 1800s– mukhtar, 1900s– muhtar, 1900s– muktar; also (in sense 2) 1800s– mookhtyar, 1800s– muktear, 1900s– mooktear, 1900s– mukhtear. Origin: Of multiple origins. A borrowing from Arabic. Partly a borrowing from Turkish. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Etymons: Arabic muḵtār; Turkish muhtar; Urdu muḵtār. Etymology: < Arabic muḵtār, passive participle of iḵtāra to select, choose. In sense 2 via Urdu muḵtār (also with pronunciation muḵtyār ); in sense 1 partly via Turkish muhtar.Forms in sense 2 with -k- and -ear , -yar are due to Indian vernacular pronunciation, especially in Marathi (compare Marathi muktyār , muḵtyār (1831)) and Bengali, arising by folk etymology under the influence of Sanskrit (and vernacular) mukti release (see mukti n.) and the common vernacular agent suffix -ār. 1. Originally in the late Ottoman Empire and subsequently in Turkey and certain other successor states: the headman or local government chief of a town, district, village, or tribe. Also: a minor provincial official. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > in Turkey potestate1585 mukhtar1786 1786 J. Scott tr. I. Khan Memoirs 18 Mukhtar Khan, the soubadar,..sunk all the boats in the Jumna, and placed guards at the nearest fords. [Note at Mukhtar] Anglicé, Powerful lord. 1873 Cornhill Mag. Apr. 415 Whatever its creed, each village [in Anatolia] manages its own affairs, chooses, by an irregular sort of election, its own ‘Mukhtar’, or headman. 1879 E. J. Davis Life in Asiatic Turkey ix. 233 At 10.30 a.m. we came to the village of Tchaian, and halted at the house of the mukhtar (head man). 1916 T. E. Lawrence Lett. (1938) 209 Two Mukhtars and two prominent sheikhs. 1954 F. Stark Ionia 65 The mukhtar and the doctor from Pitane..came to give the city's welcome. 1963 J. F. Kolars Tradition, Season, & Change in Turkish Village iv. 85 Bahtili's muhtar is a young and industrious man with a good deal of ambition for himself and his village. 1998 R. Stone Damascus Gate ii. xli. 332 The old man claimed to be a mukhtar of the Nawar people, the local tribe of gypsies. 2. In India, from the early 19th to the mid 20th cent.: an authorized agent; an attorney or solicitor. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > legal representative or agent procurera1325 attorney-general1597 procureur1604 trampler1608 attorney universal1637 man of business1779 businessman1798 mukhtar1801 1801 Answers of Judges of Sarun 16 Dec. in Answers of Judges of Circuit in Parl. Papers 1812–13 IX. 235 The principal inhabitants of this district..do not give themselves the trouble of acquiring a knowledge of the laws and regulations of Government, which they leave entirely to their vakeels or mokhtars. 1834 A. Prinsep Baboo I. xvii. 290 The most busy personages of this multitude, were the mookhtars, or those native attorneys, who are to be found in abundance at every public office, ready to take up the business of any applicant. 1878 G. Graham Life in Mofussil I. iv. 90 The mookhtyars, or Criminal Court attorneys, teaching the witnesses what to say in their respective cases. 1885 T. H. Lewin Fly on Wheel 336 The wily Bengal muktears, or attorneys, were the bane of the Hill Tracts. 1937 W. H. Saumarez Smith Let. 14 Aug. in Young Man's Country (1977) ii. 85 He..is..far too friendly with the pleaders and mukhtears, trusting their words against the magistrates. 1972 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 31 311 The Act [sc. the Advocates Act of 1961] abolished for most jurisdictions a variety of terms that had come into use at different times and in different parts of India, e.g., pleaders, barristers, mukhtars, revenue agents, vakils. Derivatives ˈmukhtarship n. rare the status or office of a mukhtar. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > in Turkey > position of mukhtarship1946 1946 A. Koestler Thieves in Night 122 The British rulers had always appointed the most distinguished member of each of the two clans to dual mukhtarship. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1786
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